Creasing and Folding

Similar documents
FA 36/FA 45 FOLDERS. Easily fold miniature-size leaflets as well as commercial products on the same folder

Rotary Die-cut System RD series. RD series. Rotary Die-cut System RD-4055 / RD-4055DM / RD Simple, high quality, compact rotary Die-cut system.

DOCUMENT CREASING MACHINE

FA 35 / FA 43 / FOLDERS

TRADITIONAL CZECH MANUFACTURER SINCE 1928

Rotary Die-cut System RD-4055 RD Rotary Die-cut System. Simple, high quality, compact rotary Die-cut system.

Speedmaster SM 52 Speedmaster SM 74

Perfect Binder BQ-470 BQ-470. EVA or PUR

AeroCut Nano I AeroCut One AeroCut Prime

FD 90 / FD 95 Rotary Perforators

Morgana Pro 385 Feeder/Creaser/Folder Operating Instruction

Important Information

Paperboard type Advantages Disadvantages

Short test of strength for production waste

KF-250 Knife Folding Machine

Versatile large and small-piece feeder. Jenfeed Logic S. 1-lane large-piece feeder for mixed production of table linen and bed linen

The scoring device on your folding machine will never stop your work from cracking, here are four reasons why

THERMOSET PROCESSING. Technology and know-how for integrated solutions

Lead Makers and Harness Makers

F145 automatic book sewer

Duplo DC-445 Creaser

Heating asphalt pavements efficiently Panel heating machine HM 4500

High-powered and efficient thanks to excellent technology.

FD 2052 AutoSeal 12/2007 OPERATOR MANUAL FOURTH EDITION

PROFIT STARTS WITH CARE

ROTASCREEN.TG/TU ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING THE MOST COST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR HIGH QUALITY MASS PRODUCTION. up to 120 m/min

Product range storage technology

PEELED VENEER SLICED VENEER. Wood Technology

FILLING TECHNOLOGY FROM THE EXPERTS SAFE, CLEAN, POWERFUL

Product instruction manual Easymount Wide Format Laminators

Optimise wire processing A comprehensive range of products for the workshop

Seidenader. for Tablets and Capsules

BEHN+BATES. Information. Inline Valve Bag Filling Machines

COMPACTION TECHNOLOGY

Product instruction manual Easymount Wide Format Laminators

PEELED VENEER SLICED VENEER. Wood Technology

EP Booklet Making Machine BMP350 Operation Manual. EP Equipment

Sheetfed offset technology. KBA Rapida 75. Technical information. Koenig & Bauer AG

Sales Service Repair. Professional Service Fast Nationwide Shipping

Time is money. That s why I changed to Electrolux.

Product instruction manual Easymount Wide Format Laminators

INTERNAL COATING MACHINES

Heating and Drying Ovens HeatEvent

EN l JENSEN Transfer Dryer WR JENSEN Transfer Dryer WR Highest Performance with Minimal Use of Energy

Condensation drying for industry and trade

schoen + sandt machinery GmbH Lemberger Stra e 82 D Pirmasens Tel:

Product instruction manual Easymount Wide Format Laminators

Docu-Crease 35 and 52

Who we are and what we do. The story of the world s leading manufacturer of axial impellers

Get more out of tubes

STATIONARY UNIVERSAL SHREDDING

ZERMA THE HOME OF SIZE REDUCTION ZBS AFFORDABLE SHREDDER FOR LUMPS & PURGINGS

You are streamlining your manufacturing processes Our automatic machines optimise installation times Let s connect.

Top-Secure Data Destruction Systems Over 50 Years of Experience and Innovation

The finest fruit processing

F-Line F50/F60. Professional use thanks to an innovative filling technology

Safety Protection System 4 Security Levels 5. Deskside Shredders 6 Centralized Office Shredders 12 High Capacity Shredders 18

EN l Senking Batch Transfer Drying Tumbler DT Senking Batch Transfer Drying Tumbler DT High performance with less energy

PRODUCT BROCHURE RICOH PRINT PRODUCTION SOLUTIONS COLOUR CUT SHEET B&W CUT SHEET COLOUR WIDE FORMAT B&W WIDE FORMAT

1,000W (DAP-60K: 100 W per digestion vessel)

Virtus Manufacturing Plant in Shanghai China

HORIZONTAL BALER TYPE AVOS 88/108 High compaction degree and low energy consumption

F-Line F50/F52/F60. Professional use thanks to an innovative filling technology

Operator's Manual. Fold System multipli 35.

Simatec Maschinenbau AG

Electrolux Professional. Range Overview Hospitality Laundry

Roller Compactors. for the Pharmaceutical Industry

ICE-CREAM PRODUCTS En

CitroCasa serie 8000 AdvAnce eng

Vacuum Chamber Machines WBM 1350-II. Chamber Belt Machine Ideal for any Size Operation

Air Flow Technology and Paper Waste Disposal Systems. for the paper industry PAPER AND CORRUGATED BOARD

Capsule filling and closing machine GKF 1400

Industrial Dust Aspiration Solutions. For optimal protection of plant and environment.

Installation and Operating Instructions DÜRR Regeneration Unit for X-ray developers XR 24, XR24 II, XR 24 Nova, XR 24 Pro

Role of Auxiliary Equipments in Plastic Processing

TARGET GROUPS MANUFACTURERS OF RUBBER AND PLASTIC MOULDED PARTS. Cryogenic media-blast deflashing Cryogenic drum deflashing Washing and drying systems

Heating and Drying Cabinets HeatEvent

Thermal Oil Heating System. Heat Recovery System. Member of the

FD 215S Semi-Automatic Paper Creaser

Electrolux Professional Washer Extractors

AUTOMATIC EDGE-BANDER SERIE SMART-S600 Offer Manager: CARBE S.R.O.

Technology Menu Self-Service Laundry

TL 250 Semi-automatic, firm yet flexible in use

CRYOGENIC MEDIA-BLASTING DEBURRING

REX. Grinding system technology for individual uses. Grinding system

User Guide. Portable banknote counter AB300

Shrinking STCW 60 / STCW 80 Drying DU 60 / DU 80 Transporting CB 60 / CB 80

A3-Plus Size 2-Color Offset Press

1 of 10. Kita Packaging Sdn. Bhd. EDG Series Nozzle Type Vacuum Sealer with Gas Purging. ETN Series Nozzle Type Vacuum Sealer

Series GL cup planting machines

FTNON Magnetic Onion peeler

EN l Evolution Cube. Evolution Cube. Fully automatic separating and feeding of towels

OPTIMUS PLUG-AND-PLAY MACHINE WITH CONVINCING PERFORMANCE

LABOKLAV. Autoclaves Made in Germany

3 AND 4-SIDED POUCHES

WHIRLPOOL LAUNDRY 02/

Shrinking STCW 60 / STCW 80 Drying DU 60 / DU 80 Transporting CB 60 / CB 80

KBA Metal Decorating. MetalCoat 483 MetalCoat 480. The coating stars for metal decorating

Maxit. Operation and Maintenance Manual

When it comes to. shredding power. Performance that improves your waste processes

Transcription:

Creasing and Folding Professional creasing and folding - manually and automatically NAGEL DigiFold Pro NAGEL AutoFold Pro Making printings alive

2 Nagel creasing and folding machines Professional creasing before folding Digitally printed sheets are very sensitive and must be handled gently during finishing. To prevent a deterioration of the quality and appearance of the product, damage of the surface, crack of the substrate and tearing of the paper during the folding process, the sheets must be creased before they are folded. So, the final product retains its perfect look. Proven creasing technology During creasing, the material is gently compressed to prevent cracking or toner breaking. Nagel creasers ensure accurate creasing for an optimum folding result in the next finishing step. Nagel creasing machines are the ideal choice for sophisticated finishing of very different stocks paper, cardboard or booklet covers, varnished, laminated, mattcoated or with the wrong running direction. All models are very easy to use. Materials: Knife and groove Perfect creasing with compact table top units The Nagel table top creasers Rillnak for manual or foot switch operation crease print products for a perfect folding result. Either for copy shops, printing houses or bookbinderies - the table top units are the ideal choice for the comfortable finishing of short to medium volumes. All models of Rillnak use the knife-against-groove process. Unlike in rotary creasing, a polished creasing knife presses the paper into a solid creasing matrix without damaging the substrate or the paper fibres. Thanks to the sturdy construction, manual creasing with the Rillnak is pleasantly smooth, and the indicator scale makes the device very easy to use. The two standard stops permit multiple creases, so even highly costomised orders can be processed. Additional stops can be installed at any time. Automatic creasing and folding machines Nagel offers a wide range of automatic creasing machines. As well as the manual units, all automatic creasers - Auto- Rillnak Pro 33, AutoRillnak Pro 50 and DigiRillnak - use the optimised knife-agains-groove creasing technology. So, paper of up to 400 gsm can be creased effortlessly. The Nagel folding machines are equipped with a patented system. They dispense entirely with conventional buckle plates, using an electronically controlled flying knife contoured around extra large diameter rollers. The speed is matching to the demands of damageable digital prints. A dynamic sheet deflector is used that only touches the leading edge of the sheet. This reduces the risk of scratching or marking. PosiFeed Nagel offers manual table top creasing machines as Rillnak 35 + 52 as well as semi-automatic units with foot switch - as the Rillnak-E models - and automatic creasing and folding machines for high volume operation and the combination of creasing and folding - the DigiFold Pro. All machines of the Pro-range are equipped with a new feeder (= PosiFeed). The feeder stops the drum as the vacuum pulls the sheet down before the drum starts to feed. This significant change enables the feeder to be piled higher and feed more difficult stocks.

3 Rillnak 35 + 52 and Rillnak-E 36 + E 52 Manual and semi-automatic creasing for a perfect look Rillnak 35 + 52 Both Nagel table top models Rillnak 36 and Rillnak 52 are perfectly suitable for short creasing volumes of digital prints. The Rillnak 52 is especially suitable for creasing digital prints of the 52 cm professional format, while the Rillnak 35 is perfect for digital prints up to A3 oversize format. Either model can process all types of paper up to 300 gsm without any problems. Rillnak-E 36 + E 52 The Rillnak-E 52 is especially suitable for creasing prints of the 52 cm professional format, while the Rillnak-E 36 is perfect for creasing digital prints up to A3 oversize format. The use of the Rillnak-E 36 and E 52 saves expensive production time. They are easy to set-up and operate. Two standard stops permit multiple creases, additional stops are optional available and can be installed at any time. With the proven creasing technology all types of stock up to 350 gsm can be creased effortlessly. Both models provide two creasing widths as standard (1,2 mm and 1,6 mm) with the ability to change from one to another in seconds. The creasing matrix is electronically activated by a foot switch for increased accuracy and productivity. NAGEL Rillnak 52 The compact table top models of Rillnak are everything you need for professional print finishing in daily office work, printing houses, copy shops or bookbinderies. NAGEL Rillnak-E 52 with foot switch Technical specifications Rillnak 35 Rillnak 52 Rillnak-E 36 Rillnak-E 52 Recommended paper weight (gsm) 70 300 70 300 70 350 70 350 e to backstop min. (mm) 25 25 40 40 e to backstop max. (mm) 350 520 435 520 Sheet size max. width (mm) 350 520 365 520 Stops Additional stops H x W x L (mm) 120 x 385 x 600 120 x 555 x 750 210 x 480 x 700 220 x 640 x 780 Weight net/packed (kg) 12/13 17/19 18 / 20 27,5 / 31 Power supply 230 V / 50 Hz 230 V / 50 Hz * Varies according to hardness, type of fold and substrate. Standard Not available

4 AutoRillnak Pro 33 / AutoRillnak Pro 50 Automatic creasing - also for large formats AutoRillnak Pro 33 Intuitive operation and high creasing speed The AutoRillnak Pro 33 is the ideal finishing solution for users who want to have a fully automated and fast creaser, but do not have to process large-format sheets. The creaser can process stocks up to 700 mm x 330 mm automatically; larger formats up to 1,000 mm x 330 mm can be fed into the creaser manually. It also comes with a standard plug-in perforator. Additional perforating blades are available as options. The AutoRillnak Pro 33 can process up to 8.500 sheets / hour and comes with an unlimited numeric memory. Additionally, the AutoRillnak Pro 33 is equipped with the new larger touch screen display. The paper feeding works with a blow-suction system, which prevents scratching of digital prints (PosiFeed). AutoRillnak Pro 33 AutoRillnak Pro 50 Powerful and flexible for large formats The AutoRillnak Pro 50 is larger than the well-known AutoRillnak Pro 33 and can process paper formats of up to 500 mm width and up to 1,000 mm length without problems. It can process up to 8.500 sheets/hour and comes with an unlimited numeric memory. Additionally, the AutoRillnak Pro 50 is equipped with the new larger touch screen display. The stock is fed into the creaser by a blast and suction air system that prevents scratches on the digital prints (PosiFeed). It also comes with a standard plug-in perforator. Additional perforating blades are available as options. Microperforation with 96 teeth is possible as well with the according blade. AutoRillnak Pro 50 Optionally, the A2-Jogger may be added to increase the output capacity. It jogges the creased material to ease the subsequent processing.

5 DigiRillnak Compact and versatile The DigiRillnak closes the gap between semi-automatic and fully automatic systems.this compact machine creases formats of up to 630 mm x 330 mm automatically, but the stock is fed into the creaser by hand. The machine can be operated comfortably via a joystick and display. A standard perforating tool is included, as standard. The DigiRillnak is available as desktop model or with an optional stand. Technical specifications NAGEL DigiRillnak table top model DigiRillnak AutoRillnak Pro 33 AutoRillnak Pro 50 Speed max. (sheet/ hour) 1 crease (A4) 4,000 (depending on operator) 8,500 8,500 Memory of applications 9 unlimited unlimited Recommended paper weight (gsm) approx. 100 350 approx. 100 400 approx. 100 400 (approx. 0,11mm-0,35mm)* (approx. 0,11mm-0,40mm)* (apprx. 0,11mm-0,40mm)* Sheet size max. by 630 x 330 1,000 x 330 1,000 x 500 manual feed (mm) Sheet size max. (mm) 700 x 330 700 x 500 Sheet size min. (mm) 140 x 160 140 x 210 Narrow sheet extension paper guide min. paper width 100 mm Landscape paper guide depending on paper weight Minimum distances (mm) Repeat creasing 4 3 4 from lead edge 25 25 25 from tail edge 20 20 20 Plug-in perforator Perforating blades 28 teeth 28 teeth 28 teeth L x H x W (mm) 80 x 50 x 50 1,168 x 990 x 457 1,780 x 1,000 x 700 Weight net / gross (kg) 55 / 80 110 / 128 150 / 178 Power supply 240 V 50 / 60 Hz 240 V 50 / 60 Hz 240 V 50 / 60 Hz Standard Not available * Varies according to hardness, type of fold and substrate.

6 AutoFold Pro Compatible with any creasing machine The new AutoFold Pro is a free standing automatic folding machine designed specifically for owners of a Nagel AutoRillnak or any creasing machine who want to upgrade to a creasing and folding machine. It is equipped with the patented flying knife technology to prevent scuffing or marking on digital stocks, which may happen with standard folding technologies. The AutoFold Pro can simply be adjusted to the Nagel Rillnak or the height of the vacuum feed conveyor of any creaser. The AutoFold Pro gets controlled by the same innovative touch-screen panel that all machines from the Pro-range are equipped with (e.g. the length of the pre-creased sheet or the folding type). After both machines are switched on, the pre-creased sheets from the creaser get delivered directly onto the AutoFold Pro feed conveyor. Here they are accurately registered to the side-lay before being folded as programmed and delivered onto a motor driven shingling delivery system. AutoFold Pro with short conveyor (standard) The AutoFold Pro comes with a short conveyor belt; a long conveyor belt is available as an option. AutoFold Pro with long conveyor (optional) and AutoRillnak 50

7 Technical specifications AutoFold Pro Speed per hour (A4 in half) 6,240 Maximum sheet size (mm) 600 x 385 short conveyor / 900 x 385 long conveyor Minimum sheet size (mm) 210 x 140 Maximum paper weight (gsm) Takes stock up to 0,4 mm (approx 400 gsm)* Maximum number of folds per sheet 2 Maximum number programmed applications Unlimited alpha numeric Minimum repeat fold distance (mm) 70 Minimum fold distance from lead edge (mm) 50 Minimum fold distance from tail edge (mm) 50 Min. fold length (mm) 70 Max. fold length (mm) up to 450 (automatic feed) up to 1,800 (hand feed) Adjustments (Increments in mm) 0,1 Batch counter Total counter Dimensions (L x W x H) 1,700 x 680 x 1,220 Weight net (kgs) 128 Power requirement (V) 240 V 50 / 60 Hz Standard * Varies according to hardness, type of fold and substrate. Intuitive operation of Pro machines The new touch screen panel of the Pro-range is essentially larger than the one of the machines of the past generations. All major functions get operated via this panel. Only the sheet length and the fold type for the finished product have to be keyed in (popular sizes and folds are pre-set). The software will automatically calculate where the creases need to be and set them accordingly. Any minor changes to the crease position can be made by touching in the relevant section. Folding gap data are displayed digitally on the panel. Another advantage is the language-independence of the software only symbols are used, what makes translations unnecessary. Learning to operate the new touch screen is very easy. The extensive alpha-numeric memory allows an unlimited number of jobs to be stored and named as chosen. NAGEL touch screen panel

8 DocuFold Pro The compact automatic folding machine With its comprehensive standard equipment, the Nagel DocuFold Pro folding machine is the ideal choice for finishing digital print products. The machine s extremely short set-up times make it particularly suited for printing houses and bookbinderies with frequently changing print runs. By entering the sheet size and the fold type the DocuFold Pro automatically adjusts the fold plates and delivery rollers electronically. Standard formats are already preset. Operation is therefore quite simple. Moreover, there is no need to adjust the folding rollers they adjust themselves automatically to the paper thickness, which saves time and reduces the probability of errors. The display has an accuracy of 0.1 mm and can be programmed effortlessly. Equipped with a user friendly SmartScreen panel it enables an operator with minimum training to carry out a variety of folds from an icon driven touch screen. A paragon of versatility At a maximum speed of 27,500 sheets / hour, the Docu- Fold Pro processes formats up to 674 x 365 mm. The machine includes a mode with reduced suction time that is optimally suited for feeding A4 size sheets in landscape format and sizes smaller than A4 and is particularly advantageous for perforating and creasing applications. The spiral folding rollers keep the paper from slipping in the rollers and thereby ensure a precisely positioned fold. Modern applications demand modern formats: short and wide formats or narrow and long formats can be accurately processed with optional extra stops. Excellent equipment The folding rollers can be removed without tools Overlapping sheets are detected, the machine is deactivated, there are no paper jams The air used to separate the sheets can be adjusted to the sheet length and regulated individually Every time the suction wheel under the feed table stops, the machine cleans itself by blowing out paper dust. Docufold Pro compact and powerful A further feature of the sophisticated SmartScreen is the ability to memorise and store repeated jobs in the alpha numeric memory which can be retrieved within seconds. The user s work is facilitated by the integrated batch and reset counters, which make it unnecessary to count batches after processing, i.e. for bundling. The side lay alignment section of the DocuFold Pro ensures that the sheets are posi tioned correctly during folding, a prerequisite for high-quality products. A problem that affects many other folding machines is child s play for the DocuFold Pro: Thanks to the vacuum feed table, statically charged or wavy paper is transported neatly into the folding rollers without causing a jam.

9 The plug-in perforator is part of the standard equipment; it perforates and scores even cardboard without giving it a wavy shape. Unlike other folding machines, the DocuFold Pro does not guide the sheet around all folding rollers, as this is unnecessary. Different perforating and creasing tools and knives are available. NAGEL DocuFold Pro plug-in performator scorer Technical specifications DocuFold Pro Working width (mm) 139 320 Fold length in plate 1/2 (mm) 338 / 226 Max. sheet size L x W (mm) 674 x 365 Min. sheet size L x W (mm) 140 x 160 Shortest folding length (mm) 46 Max. number of folds per sheet 2 Max./min. paper weight (gsm) 240/56 Load capacity A4 sheets 80 gsm 500 Max. speed (sheets/ hour A4) 27,500 Length of conveyor delivery (mm) 645 Maximum number programmed applications Unlimited alpha numeric Batch counter Total counter Touchscreen display Perforation unit incl. blade Extra scoring tools Landscape paper guide Narrow sheet extension Power supply 230 V / 50 Hz / 10 A Weight net (kgs) 132 L x W x H without / with conveyor delivery folded up (mm) 1,240 / 813 x 555 x 1,370 L x W x H packed (mm) 980 x 570 x 1,500 Standard

10 DigiFold Pro Creasing and folding in one operation up to 6,000 sheets / hour The unique DigiFold Pro model combines the proven creasing system of the AutoRillnak with a new kind of folding system. The new DigiFold Pro minimizes the possibility of marks or scratches on sensitive stocks during finishing and generates a sharp and perfect fold. The combination of creasing and folding in a single unit creates a highly productive and user friendly mobile finishing centre that works effectively with both digital prints and thick, heavy or cross-grained stock. Make-ready, minimal wastage and ease of operation are key criterias in today s printing market. Advantages of the DigiFold Pro Quality A professional result because of creasing prior to folding Production speed Up to 6,000 sheets per hour Operation Large and user friendly touch screen panel Set-up-time Fast and easy set-up for short print runs Versatility The DigiFold Pro works in three ways: Print-on-demand with individual prints, direct mailings and last-minute-changes very often require high flexibility and short set-up times especially in the digital printing market. Finishing machines as the DigiFold Pro are able to keep up with such conditions. Fast set-up and operation, minimum waste paper and high user friendliness are key criterias in today s printing market. The DigiFold Pro comes with a large and clearly arranged touchscreen panel and already pre-programmed fold types for quick and easy set-up also for smallest print runs. NAGEL DigiFold Pro

11 Proven creasing technology To avoid cracking of the substrate, the DigiFold Pro works with a technique by which the fibres are embossed and weakened. The creasing mechanism consists of a male creasing rule and a female matrix which get pressed together to perform an exact and crack-free crease. cracking and paper tearing of sensitive digital prints. Patented folding system The DigiFold Pro dispenses entirely with buckle plates or conventional knives, using an electronically controlled flying knife contoured around extra large diameter rollers. The speed is matching the demands of damageable digital prints. The DigiFold Pro uses a dynamic sheet deflector that only touches the leading edge of the sheet. This reduces the risk of scratching or marking. PosiFeed Like all machines of the Pro-range the DigiFold Pro is equipped with the special feeder (= PosiFeed). The feeder stops the drum as the vacuum pulls the sheet down before the drum starts to feed. This significant change enables the feeder to be piled higher and feed more difficult stocks. Flexible and user-friendly For standard configurations, the DigiFold Pro works in an automatic mode. Once the required fold and sheet length have been selected, an extensive program automatically sets the creasing and folding positions. An individual operation is employed when extra creases are needed or difficult configurations have to be programmed. In this mode the operator enters the creasing and folding positions manually via the joy stick. Materials and applications Professional creasing to perform a superb fold An extensive program sets the creasing and folding automatically

12 Technical specifications DigiFold Pro Max. speed (A4 sheets / hour) 6,000 Max. sheet size (mm) L x W 700 x 358 Min. sheet size (mm) L x W 210 x 140 Max. paper weight (gsm) Handles material up to 0.4 mm (about 400 gsm)* Min. paper weight (gsm) Handles material from 0.11 mm (about 100 gsm)* Max. no. creases per sheet 9 Max. no. of folds per sheet 2 Max. no. stored programmes Unlimited numeric memory Min. repeat crease distance (mm) 40 Min. repeat fold distance (mm) 70 Min. crease distance from leading edge (mm) 50 Min. fold distance from leading edge (mm) 50 Min. crease distance from tail edge (mm) 50 Min. fold distance from tail edge (mm) 50 Min. fold length (mm) 70 Max. fold length (mm) up to 450 (automatic feed) up to 1,800 (hand feed) Adjustments (Increments in mm) 0.1 Batch counter Total counter Plug-in perforator Feeding system Bottom suction feed Dimensions L x W x H (mm) 1,980 x 655 x 1,265 Weight net (kg) 190 Power requirement (V) 220 V Standard For any further information about the complete Nagel product range please look at www.ernstnagel.com or contact your regional dealer. Disclaimer: As part of our continued product improvement plan, specifications and information puplished here are subject to change without notice. All specifications are dependent on application, type of stock, temperature, RH and print engine used. Specifications quoted were measured on uncoted and unprinted stock. * Varies according to hardness, type of fold and substrate. Ernst Nagel GmbH Breitwiesenstraße 21 70565 Stuttgart / Germany Phone: + 49 7 11-7 80 78-21 E-mail: export@ernstnagel.com www.ernstnagel.com Print No: 025 04/12 1T Technical specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Certified to CE.