Plant Breeding and Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture Controlled Environment Agriculture Khon Kaen University :Thailand Production of Greenhouse-Pepper in Khon Kaen University : Thailand 1. Seedling 1.1 Pre-germination seed Materials : - Seed - Plastic box - Warm water, Cold water - Na (HCl 3 ) or Clorox - Germinated paper - Fungicide - Foggy - Tag - selection only good seeds - soak seeds in warm water (50 0 C) for 30 min - soak seeds in 5% (v/v) Clorox for 5 min - rinse with flowed cold water for 5 min - apply germinated paper with fungicide mixture and put in plastic box - incubated seeds on germinated paper - spray fungicide and cover plastic box - for 3-7 days, seeds will germination and ready to sowing in substrate media (variation with variety and seed size) Pre-germinated Seed Protocols Seedsoaking in Na(HCl 3 ) for 5 min Rinsewithflowedwater>5min Moisteningthe germinated paper Incubated the seed in plastic box Place paper Applyfungicide Place the seed Spray fungicide Germinated seeds
1.2 Seeds sowing - Plastic tray - Germinated seeds - Filter cake - Burned rice husk - Rice husk - Fertilizer, fungicide, insecticide and water Method : - mix media; Rice husk : Burned rice husk : Filter cake in the ratio of 2:1:1 - put mixed media into the plastic tray and watering - put the germinated seeds into the tray (1 seed per hole) and watering with fungicide mixture - cover with the paper and watering - 2-3 days remove the paper after germinated - spray fertilizer, fungicide and insecticide after the true leaf appeared - hardening the seedling before transplanting by exposing to sun light and/or decreasing water application Media preparation Rice husk (2) : Burned rice husk (1) : Filter cake (1) Mixed media in plastic track Seedling at 5 days Seedling at 30 days Seedling root system
2. Soilless Culture System 2.1 Field soil preparation - Organic manure - Filter cake - Dolomite - Chemical fertilizer - Lime - Polyethylene plastic Method : - to plow (a paddy field) roughly for the first time and second - and loosen soils preparation - apply basal fertilizer : with chemical fertilizer grade about 100-200 Kg/ha, and organic manure 5-10 ton (depend on the soil properties) - mulching with polyethylene plastic - irrigation system establishment Soil preparation
2.2 Greenhouse media preparation - Filter cake - Organic manure - Burned rice husk - Rice husk - Plastic bag - mix media ; filter cake : rice husk : burned rice husk : organic manure in the ration of 1:1:1:0.5 - cover by plastic about 7-10 days - put mixed media into plastic bag and remove to greenhouse - to arrange in greenhouse 50 cm. in raw and 40 cm. between plant Media preparation
2.3 Transplanting - Plug - Field - Greenhouse - watering in field and greenhouse with irrigation - transplanting at seedling (4-5 true leaves or 30-35 days after sowing) - transplant in the late afternoon and watering Transplanting
3. Fertilization 3.1 Apply fertilizer in field - Fertigation system - Chemical fertilizer - Apply by fertigation every 2 days Fertilizer apply for pepper in field Stage 15-0-0 Kg/rai 0-46-0 Kg/rai 0-0-60 Kg/rai CaCl 2 Kg/380 l Soil preparation 41.6 13.56 16.8 - Day after transplant 15 20.8 6.78 8.4-30 20.8 6.78 8.4-45 20.8 6.78 8.4-60 17.33 5.65 7.0 1.8 75 17.33 5.65 7.0 1.8 90 17.33 5.65 7.0 1.8 105 17.33 5.65 7.0 1.8 120 17.33 5.65 7.0 1.8 135 0 0 0 0 150 0 0 0 0 Total 190.65 62.25 77 9 3.2 Apply fertilizer in greenhouse - Fertigation system - Chemical fertilizer - apply every day with fertigation
4. Pruning and Training Material: - Plant scissor or cutter - Plastic twine - Supporter with metal pole, plastic pole or wooden pole (bamboo pole) - Need to pruning other than removing all suckers below the dichotomous - To tie with plastic twine Pruning and Training
5. Pollination - Silk twine - Cotton - Forcept - Emasculate in the late afternoon - Crossing in the early morning - Tag with silk twine Pollination
6. Harvest and seed management - Plastic bag or plastic container - Harvest at fully mature stage - Keep seeds out of fruit - Dried by wind and sundry about 3-5 days or hot air over 30-35 0 C - Seed packaging with plastic bag or paper bag and storage the seed under low temperature (15-20 0 C) and low relative humidity (30%RH) for long term of high quality Harvest and seed management
7. Pest and disease management Important diseases: Damping-off Pythium ripe fruit rot Bacterial spot Leaf blight Bacterial wilt CMV Nutrient deficiencies: Blossom end rot Important insects: Materials: Aphids White flies Tomato russet mite Thrips Leaf miners Fruit worm Army worm o Pesticide and fungicide Methods: o Cultural practices o Biological control o Integrated pest management Mvir