Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers and Obstructions Presented at SUPDET 2016 March 1, 2016 San Antonio, Texas Presented by: Garner Palenske, P.E. Senior Vice President Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation
Outline Introduction ESFR Sprinkler Design Concept Actual Delivered Density Testing Full-scale Testing Questions 1
Introduction Project Goal: Develop a tool which can be used to provide a reliable analysis of the impact of obstructions on ESFR sprinkler performance. Existing data New fire testing/analysis Phase I of the project included: Literature review GAP analysis Test plan development Phase II of the project included: Actual Delivered Density testing Full-scale fire testing The results of the project will be provided to the NFPA 13 Technical Committee to develop requirements for inclusion in the standard. 2
Actual Delivered Density (ADD) Testing Goal: Determine the ESFR K17 sprinkler to be used in the full scale testing. ADD Testing of three different manufacturer s ESFR sprinklers: Tyco Reliable Viking Apparatus UL Third Generation ADD Apparatus Fire Size 2.5 MW fire to simulate the heat release rate of the 30 Ft. Group A plastic commodity in full scale test 3
Actual Delivered Density (ADD) Apparatus 4
Bar Joist Obstruction ADD Testing 5
Bar Joist Obstruction ADD Testing 6
Bar Joist Obstruction ADD Testing 7
Bar Joist and Bridging Member Diagram 8
Actual Delivered Density (ADD) Testing ESFR Sprinkler Comparison Testing - Each of the 3 sprinklers (Tyco, Viking, Reliable) were tested as follows (12 ADD tests total): Test Number Obstruction Horizontal Offset (Tip of Joist to Sprinkler Centerline) Fire Location Clearance from Ceiling to Top of Apparatus 1 Baseline None None 2 22 In. deep bar joist 3 In. 3 30 In. deep bar joist 3 In. Under one sprinkler Under one sprinkler Under one sprinkler 10 Ft. 10 Ft. 10 Ft. 4 22 In. deep bar joist with 1½ In. x 1½ In. bridging member positioned on joist centered under sprinkler 3 In. Under one sprinkler 10 Ft. 9
Actual Delivered Density (ADD) Testing Sprinkler A was selected. Selection Criteria: Lowest ADD with obstruction Largest percent difference (Obstructed vs. Non-Obstructed) Most number of collection pans with 0 discharge 10
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test Array Standard Group A commodity 30 ft. storage, 40 ft. ceiling Double row racks, 6 in longitudinal and transverse flue space ESFR K17 sprinklers, 52 psi 4 ft. aisles 4 bay target arrays Sprinkler spacing 10 ft. x 10 ft. The ignition point will be under one sprinkler offset in the transverse flue space. 11
Full Scale Testing Logic- Sample TEST 1 Joist Depth: 22" OFFSET: 3" PASS Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 3" FAIL Joist Depth: 22" OFFSET: 6" PASS Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 3" FAIL Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 6" PASS Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 3" FAIL Joist Depth: 22" OFFSET: 9" PASS STOP PASS STOP FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 6" FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 9" STOP PASS Continue with Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 3" Path FAIL Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 9" PASS/FAIL Continue with Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 3" Path PASS STOP PASS Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 3" FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 6" FAIL Joist Depth:30" OFFSET: 9" FAIL Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 6" PASS Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 3" PASS/FAIL Continue with Joist Depth: 30" OFFSET: 3" Path PASS STOP FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 9" STOP PASS/FAIL Contiue with Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET 3" Path PASS STOP FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 9" STOP FAIL Joist Depth: 36" OFFSET: 6" PASS STOP 12
Actual Delivered Density (ADD) Testing Results 0-inch Offset Center 4 Pans Center 16 Pans Bar Joist Depth No OBST OBST % Diff No OBST OBST % Diff 22-inch 1.24 0.14-89% 0.84 0.17-80% 30-inch 1.24 0.28-77% 0.84 0.35-58% 36-inch 1.24 0.25-80% 0.84 0.39-54% 3-inch Offset Center 4 Pans Center 16 Pans Bar Joist Depth No OBST OBST % Diff No OBST OBST % Diff 22-inch 1.24 0.93-25% 0.84 0.56-33% 30-inch 1.24 0.71-43% 0.84 0.51-39% 36-inch 1.24 0.73-41% 0.84 0.55-34% 6-inch Offset Center 4 Pans Center 16 Pans Bar Joist Depth No OBST OBST % Diff No OBST OBST % Diff 22-inch 1.24 1.37 11% 0.84 0.71-15% 30-inch 1.24 1.42 15% 0.84 0.72-14% 36-inch 1.24 0.98-21% 0.84 0.62-26% 13
Plan View of Test Arrangement 4 Bay Targets with Single Line Obstruction 14
BIM 15
Pass/Fail Criteria for Full Scale ESFR Tests The following pass/fail criteria were established: A maximum of eight sprinklers activate The fire is generally contained to the ignition array Ceiling gas temperatures are such that exposed structural steel would not be endangered (peak one minute average temperatures less than 1,000 F) 16
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 Primary Obstruction 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 30 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 3 inches from centerline of sprinkler 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 22 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler Secondary Obstruction None None 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. bridging member; 1-1/2 in. away from sprinkler 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. bridging member; Centered below sprinkler 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. bridging member; Centered below sprinkler 17
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 1-36-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset 18
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 1-36-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset Length of Test, minutes 31 First Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 0:56 Last Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 6:08 Number of Operated Sprinklers 3 Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F 294 Maximum 1 minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Maximum 1 minute Average Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Ignition Time of Target Array, min:sec 129 128 126 3:36 (North Target) Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array No 19
Test 1 Sprinkler Activation 20
Test 1: 36-inch Deep Bar Joist with 6-inch Offset ADD Data Overlay 21
Show video test 1 22
Test 1 Main Array North Side 23
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 2 30-inch Bar Joist, 3 Inch Horizontal Offset 24
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 2-30-inch Bar Joist, 3 Inch Horizontal Offset. Length of Test, minutes 32 First Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 1:42 Last Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 7:37 Number of Operated Sprinklers 12 Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Maximum 1 minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Maximum 1 minute Average Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Ignition Time of Target Array, min:sec Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array 256 * 157 * 157 * 3:24 (North Target) No 25
Test 2: 30-inch Deep Bar Joist with 3-inch Offset ADD Data Overlay 26
dno dno dno dno dno dno dno dno Test 2 Sprinkler Activation dno dno dno 4:04 4:08 7:34 dno dno dno dno dno dno 7:37 4:14 dno dno dno dno 4:14 1:42 4:35 4:07 dno dno dno dno dno dno 3:56 4:11 dno dno dno dno dno dno 4:03 dno dno dno 27
Show video Test 2 and Gopro 28
Test 2 Main Array North Side 29
Test 1\2 Damage Comparison Test 1 Main Array North Side Test 2 Main Array North Side 30
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 4-36-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset, Bridging Member Centered Below Sprinkler 31
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 4-36-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset, Bridging Member Centered Below Sprinkler. Length of Test, minutes 32 First Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 1:11 Last Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 1:11 Number of Operated Sprinklers 1 Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F 250 Maximum 1 minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Maximum 1 minute Average Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Ignition Time of Target Array, min:sec Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array 115 84 83 N/A No 32
Test 4 Sprinkler Activation 33
Show video Test 4 and Gopro 34
Show video Side By Side Test 2 and 3 Gopro 35
Test 4 Main Array North Side 36
Test 1,2, 4 Damage Comparison Test 1 Main Array North Side Test 2 Main Array North Side Test 4 Main Array North Side 37
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 5-22-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset, Bridging Member Centered Below Sprinkler 38
ESFR Full Scale Testing Overview Test 5-22-inch Bar Joist, 6 Inch Horizontal Offset, Bridging Member Centered Below Sprinkler. Length of Test, minutes 32 First Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 1:01 Last Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec 6:42 Number of Operated Sprinklers 23 Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F 1264 Maximum 1 minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Maximum 1 minute Average Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F Ignition Time of Target Array, min:sec Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array 979 248 246 2:26 (North Target) Yes (North Target) 39
Test 5 Sprinkler Activation 40
Show video Test 5 and Gopro 41
Test 5- North Array 42
Test 5 North Target 43
Test Number 1 2 3 4 5 Primary Obstruction 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 30 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 3 inches from centerline of sprinkler 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 36 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler 22 inch deep steel joist, tip of lower chord 6 inches from centerline of sprinkler Secondary Obstruction Length of Test, minutes First Sprinkler Operation Time, (min:sec) Number of Operated Sprinklers Peak Gas Temp. at Ceiling Above Ignition ( F) Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array None None 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. BM; 1-1/2 in. away from sprinkler 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. BM; Centered below sprinkler 1-1/2 in. by 1-1/2 in. BM; Centered below sprinkler 31 32 32 32 32 0:56 1:46 1:19 1:11 1:01 3 12 1 1 23 294 406* 238 250 1264 No No No No Yes (North Target) North Target Array Ignition Time 3:36 3:24 N/A N/A 2:26 44
Temperture ( c) Test Fire Growth Rate Comparison: Temperature Profiles Temperature Profiles 140 120 100 80 60 40 Test 1 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 2 20 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 Time (sec) 45
Show video Test 1/2 Side by Side 46
Vertical Growth Tier Number Sprinkler Operation Ceiling 8 7 6 Time from top of 3rd Tier of Storage to Sprinkler Operation, seconds: 14 10 12 10 14 Test 1 - April 14, 2015 Test 2 - April 16, 2015 Test 3 - April 20, 2015 Test 4 - April 22, 2015 Test 5 - April 24, 2015 5 4 3 2 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time, Seconds 47
BIM Sprinkler Model 48
Conclusion K-17 ESFR sprinkler obstructed by a bar joist with 6-inch offset produced acceptable results. K-17 ESFR sprinkler obstructed by a bar joist with 3-inch offset controlled the fire with 12 sprinklers operating. Regardless of horizontal offset, a bridging member with vertical separation of 19.5 inches produced acceptable results. A bridging member directly underneath the sprinkler with a vertical separation of 6 inches produced unacceptable results. Data is still needed for various other obstruction situations such as miscellaneous piping, light fixtures or duct work. 49
Questions and Answers Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation 50