COOLING TOWER CELLS - FIBERGLASS UNITS - INSTRUCTION MANUAL I.O.M. #054 6/99 INSTALLATION OPERATION MAINTENANCE 525 East Stop 18 Road Greenwood, IN 46142 phone: 317-887-6352 fax: 317-881-1277 web site: www.temptek.com e-mail: sales@temptek.com
INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR FIBERGLASS TOWER CELLS COVERING MODELS: All TP models PRESENTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION OPERATION MAINTENANCE 525 East Stop 18 Road Greenwood, IN 46142 1999
Note: this page intentionally left blank Page: 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 TECHNICAL DATA 7 1.1 Single Cell Units 8 1.2 Expanded Cell Units 9 1.3 Cross Section 10 2.0 PHYSICAL DATA 11 2.1 T45P Physical 12 2.2 T85P Physical 13 2.3 T135P Physical 14 2.4 T170P Physical 15 2.5 T270P Physical 16 2.6 T405P Physical 17 2.7 T540P Physical 18 3.0 INSTALLATION 19 3.1 Assembly and Rigging Instructions 20 3.2 Typical Tower Cell Support Stand 21 3.3 Typical 1 Pump Tower System Configuration 22 3.4 Typical 2 Pump Tower System Configuration 24 3.5 Tower Stand Mounting Options 26 3.6 Typical Vacuum Breaker 27 3.7 Typical Press Drop 28 3.8 Expandable Tower Cell Installation 29 3.9 Operation & Maintenance Schedule 30 4.0 APPENDI 31 4.1 Typical Hydraulic Heat Exchanger Cooling by HP @ 10 T 32 4.2 Tower Water Requirements vs Pipe Size to Condenser Chillers 33 4.3 Wet Bulb Temperatures 34 Page: 5
Note: this page intentionally left blank
1.0 GENERAL 1.1 SINGLE CELL UNITS 1.2 EPANDED CELL UNITS 1.3 CROSS SECTION Page: 7
1.1 SINGLE CELL UNITS MODEL T45P T85P T135P CAPACITY IN TONS 45 85 135 FLOW RATE (GPM) 135 255 405 FAN DATA QUANTITY 1 1 1 RPM 1170 1170 870 # OF BLADE/TOTAL DIAMETER (INCHES) 9/36 9/42 6/60 CFM 12040 21700 30500 MOTOR DATA QUANTITY 1 1 1 TOTAL NAMEPLATE HP 3 5 7.5 AMPS @ 208/3/60 11.0 17.5 25.3 AMPS @ 230/3/60 9.6 15.2 22.0 AMPS @ 460/3/60 4.8 7.6 11.0 AMPS @ 575/3/60 3.9 6.1 9.0 WATER DATA WATER MAKE-UP (GPM) 1.2 2.4 3.2 WATER BLEED-OFF (GPM) 0.6 1.2 1.6 PRESSURE LOSS IN HEADER (PSI) 4 4 4 PIPE SIZE: TO/FROM (INCHES) 3/4 4/6 4/6 DIMENSIONS DATA (INCHES) HEIGHT 136 136 136 WIDTH 60 84 96 DEPTH 49 73 85 WEIGHT DATA (LBS) DRY 725 1290 1612 WET 1470 3100 4200 SHIPPING 1100 1580 1950 T135P shown Page: 8
1.2 EPANDED CELL UNITS MODEL T170P T270P T405P T540P CAPACITY IN TONS 170 270 405 540 FLOW RATE (GPM) 510 810 1215 1620 FAN DATA QUANTITY 2 2 3 4 RPM 1170 870 870 870 # OF BLADE/TOTAL DIAMETER (INCHES) 9/42 6/60 6/60 6/60 CFM 43400 61000 91500 122000 MOTOR DATA QUANTITY 2 2 3 4 TOTAL NAMEPLATE HP 10 15 22.5 30 AMPS @ 208/3/60 32.2 48.0 70.0 92.0 AMPS @ 230/3/60 28.0 42.0 66.0 80.0 AMPS @ 460/3/60 14.0 21.0 33.0 40.0 AMPS @ 575/3/60 11.0 17.0 24.5 32.0 WATER DATA WATER MAKE-UP (GPM) 4.8 6.4 9.6 12.8 WATER BLEED-OFF (GPM) 2.4 3.2 4.8 6.4 PRESSURE LOSS IN HEADER (PSI) 4 4 4 7 PIPE SIZE: TO/FROM (INCHES) 6/10 6/10 2@6/10 2@6/10 DIMENSIONS DATA (INCHES) HEIGHT 136 136 136 136 WIDTH 145 169 254 338 DEPTH 84 96 96 96 WEIGHT DATA (LBS) DRY 2210 3125 4350 5800 WET 5600 7800 11000 15000 SHIPPING 2210 3125 4350 5800 T405P shown Page: 9
1.3 CROSS SECTION 2" 14" 2" 118" 30" 22" TO CENTER OF SPRAYER DRIFT ELIMINATOR 5 1/2" PVC PIPE "STUB" (4" WIDE) TO SUPPORT SPRAYER 1 1/2" PVC ANGLE GLUED IN PLACE SPRAYER ABS NOZZLE 5 1/2" 2" 12" WET DECK 12" 96" WET DECK 12" WET DECK 12" SHELF 3 1/4" INLET LOUVER 22" 35" 2 1/2" 1" 4 3/4" Page: 10
2.0 INSTALLATION 2.1 T45P PHYSICAL 2.2 T85P PHYSICAL 2.3 T135P PHYSICAL 2.4 T170P PHYSICAL 2.5 T270P PHYSICAL 2.6 T405P PHYSICAL 2.7 T540P PHYSICAL Page: 11
2.1 T45P PHYSICAL 3 HP TEFC 1140 RPM WATER INLET 3" SCHED 40 PVC 126" 137 1/2" 96" 8 11 59 1/2" 13 3/4" 19 3/8" WATER OUTLET 4" PVC SLIP FLANGE 9" 48 3/4" 9" 1" 1" TYPICAL MTG. HOLE LAYOUT ALL HOLES 5/8" DIA. Page: 12
2.2 T85P PHYSICAL 5 HP TEFC 1160 RPM WATER INLET 4" SCHED 40 PVC 137 1/2" 126" 96" 8" 11" 84" 19" 29 1/4" WATER OUTLET 6" PVC SLIP FLANGE 9" 72 1/2" 9" 1" 1" TYPICAL MTG. HOLE LAYOUT ALL HOLES 5/8" DIA. Page: 13
2.3 T135P PHYSICAL 7.5 HP TEFC 870 RPM WATER INLET 4" SCHED 40 PVC 139 1/2 126" 96" 8" 11" 96" 19" 35 1/4" WATER OUTLET 6" PVC SLIP FLANGE 9" 84 1/2" 1" 1" 9" TYPICAL MTG. HOLE LAYOUT ALL HOLES 5/8" DIA. Page: 14
2.4 T170KP PHYSICAL 5 HP TEFC 1160 RPM WATER INLET 6" SCHED 40 PVC 137 1/2" 126" 96" 11" 8" HOISTING TABS BOTH SIDES 121" 1 1/4" 6" 12" 72 1/2" 3/4" DIA. 8 PLACES 145" 19" WATER OUTLET 10" PVC SLIP FLANGE 84" 81 1/2" Page: 15
2.5 T270P PHYSICAL 7.5 HP TEFC 870 RPM WATER INLET 6" SCHED 40 PVC 139 1/2" 126" 87" 11" 8" HOISTING TABS BOTH SIDES 1 1/4" 6" 12" 84 1/2" 3/4" DIA. 8 PLACES 145" 169" 19" WATER OUTLET 10" PVC SLIP FLANGE 96" 93 1/2" Page: 16
2.6 T405P PHYSICAL 7.5 HP TEFC 870 RPM WATER INLETS 2 @ 6" SCHED 40 PVC 139 1/2" 126" 87" 11" 8" HOISTING TABS BOTH SIDES 160" 1 1/4" 40 3/4" 84 3/4" 12" 3/4" DIA. 8 PLACES 253 1/2" 84" 19" WATER OUTLETS 2 @ 10" PVC SLIP FLANGE 96" 93 1/2" Page: 17
2.7 T540P PHYSICAL 7.5 HP TEFC 870 RPM 139 1/2" 126" WATER INLETS 3 @ 6" SCHED 40 PVC 87" 8 11" HOISTING TABS BOTH SIDES 169" 338" 85" 84" 84" 1 1/4" 78 1/2" 12" 3/4" DIA. 8 PLACES 19" WATER OUTLETS 3 @ 10" PVC SLIP FLANGE 96" 93 1/2" Page: 18
3.0 INSTALLATION 3.1 ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING INSTRUCTIONS 3.2 TYPICAL TOWER CELL SUPPORT STAND 3.3 TYPICAL 1-PUMP TOWER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 3.4 TYPICAL 2-PUMP TOWER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 3.5 TOWER STAND MOUNTING OPTIONS 3.6 TYPICAL VACUUM BREAKER 3.7 TYPICAL PRESS DROP 3.8 EPANDABLE TOWER CELL INSTALLATION 3.9 RECOMMENDED OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Page: 19
3.1 ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING INSTRUCTIONS (APPLIES TO T35P, T75P & T120P) STEP 1: PREPARING THE CELL FOR INSTALLATION STEP 2: LIFTING CELL FROM SKID ONTO BASE MANY POSSIBLE METHODS EIST FOR LIFTING CELL ONTO BASE. THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS ONE OF THESE METHODS. TOWER CELLS ARE SHIPPED LYING DOWN ON SKID. STRAP OR ROPE USE ETREME CARE WHEN LIFTING TO AVOID DAMAGING CELL. WHEN CELL IS STOOD UP ON BASE, BOTTOM SEAM MUST BE IN SPACE BETWEEN TOP CHANNELS. SKID STEEL BASE STEP 3: ATTACHING CELL TO BASE AND SEALING FASTENERS STEP 4: SETTING FAN UNIT ASSEMBLY CELL INLET FRAME WHEN LIFTING FAN/MOTOR ASSEMBLY ONTO TOP OF CELL, BE SURE TO BALANCE WEIGHT TO AVOID TIPPING. BASE NOTE: this step may not be required on some models. MOUNTING TABS AVOID BUMPING ANYTHING WITH ALUMINUM FAN BLADES. MOTOR AFTER CELL IS STANDING ON BASE, LOOSEN BOLTS AT "A" AND ROTATE MOUNTING TABS INTO POSITION. MARK HOLES TO BE DRILLED AT "B" AND DRILL 3/8" DIA. HOLES. ONCE BOLTS ARE TIGHTENED SECURELY SEAL ENTIRE ASSEMBLY WITH SILICONE. INSIDE LEG OF RING WILL FIT INSIDE TOP OF FIBER- GLASS CELL BODY. FAN AFTER HOLES ARE DRILLED, PUT A BEAD OF SILICONE AROUND HOLE; PRESS WASHER INTO SILICONE AND ADD ANOTHER BEAD DRIFT ELIMINATOR OF SILICONE TO THREAD NUT INTO. STEP 5: STEP 6: GENERAL DETAILS INSTALLING LOUVERS HOISTING CELL FOR PLACEMENT ON STAND OR ROOF ONCE CELL IS ASSEMBLED, IT MUST BE KEPT UPRIGHT AND BE LIFTED ONLY BY THE STEEL BASE. SHOWN IS ONE METHOD FOR OVERHEAD LIFTING. INLET CONNECTION 24 MIN. INLET LOUVERS INLET FRAME PRESS INLET LOUVERS INTO INLET FRAMES. LOUVER BE SURE TO PUSH THEM ALL THE WAY IN AS SHOWN AT LEFT. THE LONG SIDES ARE AN INTERFRENCE FIT.) THEY MUST BE PUT IN SO THAT THE INSIDE ANGLE IS POINTING DOWN. THEY SHOULD FIT TIGHTLY. A FORK LIFT MAY ALSO BE USED TO LIFT AND TRANSPORT THE CELLS. USE CAUTION TO AVOID SELF-SUPPORTING BASES HAVE PRE-DRILLED HOLES FOR MOUNTING TO LEG ETENTIONS THAT ARE TOPPED WITH A 10" 10" 1/2" HRS PLATE. A MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 24" IS RECOMMENDED BETWEEN ADJACENT TOWER CELLS. CELL WALL DAMAGING THE FIBERGLASS. Page: 20
3.2 TYPICAL TOWER CELL SUPPORT STAND T45P T85P T135P A 38 3/4" 62 1/2" 74 1/2" B 49 1/2" 74" 86" C 81" 92 1/2" 100" E D E 85 1/2" 100" 137" 137" 108" 137" SHIP WT. OP. WT. 1100 lbs 1470 lbs 1580 lbs 3100 lbs 1950 lbs 4200 lbs 8" C L 72" 121" C L 36" 1" 10" 1" 2"x2"x3/16"xC 2"x2"x3/16"xD 10 C L A C L 6"x8"x3/8" HRS C L B 4" SCHED. 40 PIPE SEAMLESS CARBON STEEL C L 1/2" HRS 5/8" Page: 21
3.3 TYPICAL 1-PUMP TOWER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Component descriptions and general installation notes listed on next page. 1 2 3 4 30 31 32 29 MIN. SLOPE 10% 5 6 28 36 25 33 35 8 7 22 21 24 23 26 27 34 SEE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SHEET #01 - "TYPICAL PROCESS CONNECTIONS" 37 9 18 19 20 10 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 Page: 22
ONE PUMP TOWER SYSTEM * Items included in typical TTS ^ Items supplied by owner 1* tower fan motor 2* tower cell 3^ tower flow control valve 4^ capped tees for future expansion 5^ tower return line to tank: 8-10 from bottom of tank 6* tank - process side 7* pump tank assembly 8* angle iron tank banding - increases slenderness ratio 9* tank insulation - recommended for out-door applications in freeze areas 10 tower pump starter 11 tower fan starter 12 tower fan thermostat 13 tower pump thermostat 14 pump deck - optional mounting platform 15^ to plant open drain 16^ capped pump port (future expansion) 17^ tank drain 18* tower pump suction valve 19* tower pump discharge valve 20* tower pump 21^ tower pump discharge pressure gauge 22* tank divider: baffle 23* plugged port (use for water level switch) 24* plugged port (use for water make-up supply) 25* overflow port 26^ check valve - required only if header system is run above tank level... to retain water in piping during shut down 27^ tower bleed valve - set @ 2 GPM per ton of tower 28^ emergency operation drain valve 29^ main header valve - from process 30^ main header valve - to process 31^ emergency operation water supply valve 32^ from plant water service 33^ valves at header branches to provide service flexibility and balance flow 34^ tees at existing and future machine drops 35^ system balance valve - sized per system capacity. Use CASH ACME K-20, K-5, or equivalent 36^ temperature and pressure gauges at header end to monitor performance 37^ valve or cap header ends to allow for future expansion Page: 23
3.4 TYPICAL 2-PUMP TOWER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Component descriptions and general installation notes listed on next page. 1 2 3 4 SEE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SHEET #10 TYPICAL VACUUM BREAKERS 35 36 37 34 MIN. SLOPE 10% 5 6 7 33 41 8 31 38 40 9 10 23 28 30 29 32 39 SEE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SHEET #01 - "TYPICAL PROCESS CONNECTIONS" 42 11 22 24 27 26 21 25 12 13 14 19 20 18 15 16 17 Page: 24
TWO PUMP TOWER SYSTEM * Items included in typical TTS ^ Items supplied by owner 1* tower fan motor 2* tower cell 3^ tower flow control valve 4^ capped tees for future expansion 5^ tower return line to tank: 8-10 from bottom of tank 6^ from process line: 8-10 from bottom of tank 7* tank - process side 8* tank - tower side 9* pump tank assembly 10* angle iron banding - increases slenderness ratio 11* tank insulation - recommended for out-door applications in freeze areas 12^ process pump starter 13^ tower fan starter 14* tower pump starter 15* tower pump thermostat 16* tower fan thermostat 17^ to plant open drain 18 pump deck - optional mounting platform 19* tower pump suction valve 20* tower pump 21* tower pump discharge valve 22^ tower pump discharge pressure gauge 23* tank divider: baffle 24* process pump suction valve 25^ tank drain valve 26* process pump 27* process pump discharge valve 28^ process pump discharge pressure gauge 29* plugged port - use for water level switch 30* plugged port - use for water make-up supply connection 31* tank overflow port 32^ tower bleed valve - set @ 2 GPM per ton of tower 33^ emergency operation drain valve 34^ main header valve - from process 35^ main header valve - to process 36^ emergency operation water supply valve 37^ from plant water service 38^ valves at header branches to provide service flexibility and balance flow 39^ tees at existing and future machine drops 40 system balance valve - sized per system capacity. Use CASH ACME K-20, K-5, or equivalent 41^ temperature and pressure gauges at header end to monitor performance 42^ valved or capped header ends to allow for future expansion Page: 25
3.5 TOWER STAND MOUNTING OPTIONS A. TEMPTEK cooling tower cells are elevated in some manner to provide the gravity induced return flow to the central system pump tank. The elevation is typically provided by a support structure, known as a tower stand. Shown here are several options to consider for tower stand earth mounting. TOWER STAND MOUNTING - PERMANENT TOWER STAND MOUNTING - PIER MOUNTING TOWER STAND LEG - WELD DIRECTLY DOWN TO PLATE CONCRETE SLAB OR PIER SOLID WELDED PLATE AND TEE BAR TOWER STAND MOUNTING - REMOVABLE TOWER STAND MOUNTING - SLAB MOUNTING CONCRETE SLAB OR PIER WASHER OR PLATE NUT LOCK WASHER NUT MOUNTING PLATE 2" DIA PIPE TO ALLOW FOR HOLE CENTER ADJUSTMENT. DO NOT FILL WITH CONCRETE NUT NUT "J" BOLT OR THREADED ROD SEE WEIGHTS OPERATING FOR LOAD REQUIREMENTS. DIMENSIONS VARY WITH CAPACITY AS WELL AS GEOGRAPHIC REGION AND TYPE OF SOIL. Page: 26
3.6 TYPICAL VACUUM BREAKER VACUUM BREAK (ANTI-SIPHON)* CASH ACME MODEL #VR-801 3/4" OR EQUIVALENT 8" MIN. * VACUUM BREAKER IS GENERIC FOR VACUUM RELIEF VALVE. DRAIN - DOWN VALVE COMMON PIPE DIAMETER THROUGHOUT INSTALLATION NOTES: 1. The purpose of the vacuum breaker/antisiphon (also called a drain-back dam), is to retain water in the header system during shut-down, and to eliminate air purge and shock to plumbing during start-up. 2. It is necessary to duplicate this arrangement on both the supply and return lines. 3. The drain-down valve allows header drainage for system maintenance and is closed during normal operation. 4. The vacuum breaker must be located at the highest point in the system, nearest to the tank to be most effective. A nipple length of 8 inches minimum is required to create sufficient vacuum to open the case Acme model VR-801. Page: 27
3.7 TYPICAL PRESS DROP The design of the unit-to-process hook up is key to optimizing the capability of the heating/cooling system. Selecting proper pipe ID s, minimum run lengths, minimum elbows, tees, etc. are all important to creating a low pressure drop... thus a high flow rate... installation. This diagram schematically contains piping and valving details which may not be needed in all cases. However, for molding installations requiring maximum flexibility, a relatively minor increase in original piping costs can have great efficiency paybacks in the future. Select pipe sizes for 5-7 feet per second flow velocity and 5-10 psi pressure drop. Consult Temptek s engineering department for assistance when needed. TWS TWR CWS CWR TWS TWR CWS CWR Temperature and pressure gauges check system performance TWR 1 3 CWR To/from Auxiliary Unit TWS 2 4 CWS To/from Auxiliary Unit 5 6 7 8 To/from Auxiliary Unit Note: for many processes, water manifolds are desirable at this location 9 13 14 11 Mold - Roll 10 12 or other process 18 17 15 16 Water Regulator Valve Hydraulic Heat Exchanger To/from Auxiliary Unit 19 20 KEY TWS - Tower Water Supply TWR - Tower Water Return CWS - Chilled Water Supply* CWR - Chilled Water Return* *INSULATE ALL CHILLED WATER PIPING VALVE POSITION Tower supply for auxiliary Open: 1-2 Chilled water for auxiliary Open: 3-4 Tower on mold Open: 5-6 - 9-10 - 11-12 Chilled water on mold Open: 7-8 - 11-12 Auxiliary on mold Open: 13-14 Tower on heat exchanger Open: 5-6 - 17-18 Chilled water on heat exchanger Open: 7-8 - 15-16 Auxiliary on heat exchanger Open: 19-20 Page: 28
3.8 EPANDABLE TOWER CELL INSTALLATION FUTURE TOWER CELLS ORIGINAL TOWER CELL FUTURE TOWER CELL BALANCE VALVE SUPPLY SEPARATE RETURNS TO TANK. FROM PROCESS MINIMUM SLOPE 10% RETURN TO TANK SIZE TOWER SUPPLY PIPING FOR TOTAL FUTURE CAPACITY. INSTALL PLUGGED TEES AND BALANCE VALVE ON FIRST TOWER FOR FUTURE USE. ADJUST VALVES TO PROPERLY DIVIDE RETURN WATER HEAT LOAD. REFER TO FYI# 6-G-6 "EPANSION OF COOLING TOWER SYSTEMS" FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Page: 29
3.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE RECOMMENDED OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE for cooling tower cells TYPE SERVICE START-UP MONTHLY SI MONTHS SHUT DOWN ANNUALLY Inspect general condition of unit Clean debris from unit Clean and flush sump *Check and adjust sump water level Inspect heat transfer section (fill) Inspect spray nozzles Check and adjust bleed rate *Check operation of make-up valve Check unit for unusual noise or vibration Check motor voltage and current Lubricate fan motor bearings Check fan for rotation without obstruction Check fan and pump motor for proper rotation Drain sump and piping Inspect protective finsih *For unit without a remote sump Page: 30
4.0 APPENDI 4.1 TYPICAL HYDRAULIC HEAT ECHANGER COOLING BY HP @ 10 T 4.2 TOWER WATER REQUIREMENTS VS PIPE SIZE TO CONDENSE CHILLERS 4.3 WET BULB Page: 31
4.1 TYPICAL HYDRAULIC HEAT ECHANGER COOLING BY HP @ 10 T NORMAL TYPICAL GPM ACTUAL PRESS HYDRAULIC REQUIRED PIPE SIZES GPM SIZE IN TONS HP BTU* @ 10 ΔT @ 6 /SEC @ 6 /SEC 50 10 15,270 3.07 1/2 5.76 75 15 22,905 4.60 1/2 5.76 150 20 30,540 6.13 3/4 10.08 25 38,175 7.67 3/4 10.08 200 30 45,180 9.20 3/4 10.08 35 53,445 10.73 3/4 10.08 40 61,080 12.27 1 16.56 45 68,715 13.80 1 16.56 250/300 50 76,350 15.33 1 16.56 450 75 114,525 23.00 1 1/4 28.08 550 100 152,700 30.66 1 1.4 28.08 700 125 190,876 38.33 1 1/2 38.16 1,000 225 393,575 79.03 2 1/2 89.28 *ASSUME HEAT REJECTION IS = 1,527 BTU/HR/HP @ 100% EFFICIENCY Page: 32
4.2 TOWER WATER REQUIREMENT VS PIPE SIZE TO CONDENSE CHILLERS CHILLER GPM REQUIREMENTS BTU REJECTION PIPE TONS @ 6 PER SEC PER HOUR SIZE 2 6 26,000 1/2 5 15 62,500 1 7.5 22 93,750 1 10 30 125,000 1 1/2 15 45 187,000 1 1/2 20 60 250,000 2 30 90 375,000 2 1/2 40 120 500,000 3 60 180 750,000 4 Page: 33
4.3 WET BULB The initial step in selecting a cooling tower is the determination of the location s wet bulb temperature. Mechanical draft cooling towers (i.e. deliver water at temperatures 7-10 above the ambient wet bulb conditions. As you can see, the wet bulb temperature determines how much cooling the tower cell can deliver. Wet bulb temperatures are figured with a psychrometer. Two thermometers are mounted side by side. One has a wet sock over its bulb. The other does not. When a stream of rapidly moving air is directed over the thermometer bulbs, water (in the sock) evaporates and cools the air over that bulb, resulting in a lower temperature (the wet bulb). The dry bulb temperature is figured by the thermometer without a wet sock and is the ambient air temperature. The wet bulb temperature indicates how much water can evaporate into the surrounding air. Since a cooling tower cools water by evaporation, its performance is dependent on the wet bulb temperature. Lower wet bulb temperatures means more evaporation and more cooling. "WET SOCK" ;; ; This thermometer reads the "dry bulb" temperature Typical Psychrometer This thermometer reads the "wet bulb" temperature WET BULB TEMPERATURE 85 F 80 F 79 F 78 F 77 F 76 F 75 F 74 F 73 F 72 F 71 F 70 F 65 F 60 F STANDARD RATING % CAPACITY AVAILABLE 10 82 91 100 107 112 120 126 131 138 142 148 170 182 Wet bulb temperatures vary with location (i.e. 55 F in Alaska to 78 F in Florida). Each location (i.e. major cities - see reverse) has a published wet bulb temperature. The average wet bulb temperature range is 74-78 F. Tower cell design is standardized at a 78 F wet bulb temperature. Thus, a cooling tower operates at 100% capacity when the wet bulb temperature is 78 F. As the wet bulb temperature changes (with relative humidity), performance of the cooling tower also changes. In fact, the relationship is inverse. Meaning, as the wet bulb temperature increases, cooling performance (capacity) decreases. As wet bulb temperature decreases, cooling capacity increases. The changes are not dramatic, just a couple of degrees. But can dramatically affect capacity. The chart above details this relationship. Published wet bulb temperatures (on reverse) will help you select the right tower cell. For example, if the wet bulb temperature is 65 F, the tower cell will deliver 170% capacity. Understanding the standard design criteria (78 F wet bulb at 100%), the tower will be able to deliver more capacity than needed or allow for future expansion. Without considering the wet bulb temperature, you most likely will not select the correct tower cell capacity to start with. Consult with your TEMPTEK sales engineering for exact details on tower cell selection. Finally, on an engineering note, when you select your tower cell, add 1 F to the published wet bulb temperature for the geographic area, just to be conservative. Page: 34
WET BULB VALUES FOR MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC AREAS State City F Alabama Birmingham 78 Mobile 80 Montgomery 78 Arizona Flagstaff 65 Phoenix 76 Tucson 72 Yuma 78 Arkansas Little rock 78 California Bakersfield 70 El Centro 78 Fresno 72 Long Beach 70 Los Angles 70 Needles 80 Oakland 65 Pasadena 70 Sacramento 72 San Bernardino 72 San Diego 70 San Francisco 65 Colorado Denver 64 Connecticut Bridgeport 75 Hartford 75 New Haven 75 Delaware Wilmington 78 D.C. Washington 78 Florida Jacksonville 78 Miami 79 Pensacola 78 Tampa 78 Georgia Atlanta 76 Augusta 76 Brunswick 78 Columbus 76 Savannah 78 Idaho Boise 65 Illinois Chicago 75 Peoria 76 Indiana Evansville 76 Fort Wayne 75 Indianapolis 76 Iowa Des Moines 77 Sioux City 77 Kansas Wichita 75 Kentucky Louisville 78 Louisiana New Orleans 79 Shreveport 78 Maine Augusta 73 Bangor 73 Portland 73 State City F Maryland Baltimore 78 Cumberland 75 Massachusetts Boston 75 Springfield 75 Worcester 75 Michigan Detroit 75 Flint 75 Grand Rapids 75 Saginaw 75 Minnesota Duluth 73 Minneapolis 75 St. Paul 75 Mississippi Vicksburg 78 Missouri Kansas city 75 St. Louis 76 Montana Billings 66 Helena 65 Missoula 66 Nebraska Lincoln 77 Omaha 77 Nevada Reno 65 New Hampshire Concord 73 Manchester 75 Portsmouth 73 New Jersey Camden 76 Jersey City 75 Newark 75 Trenton 78 New Mexico Albuquerque 68 Santa Fe 65 New York Albany 75 Buffalo 75 New York 75 Rochester 75 Syracuse 75 North Carolina Asheville 75 Charlotte 75 Greensboro 75 Raleigh 76 Wilmington 78 North Dakota Bismarck 73 Ohio Akron 75 Canton 75 Cincinnati 78 Cleveland 75 Columbus 76 Dayton 76 Toledo 75 Youngstown 75 Oklahoma Oklahoma City 77 Tulsa 77 State City F Oregon Baker 66 Portland 68 Roseburg 66 Pennsylvania Altoona 75 Erie 75 Harrisburg 75 Oil City 75 Philadelphia 76 Pittsburgh 75 Scranton 75 Rhode Island Pawtucket 75 Providence 75 South Carolina Charleston 78 Columbia 75 Greenville 75 South Dakota Sioux Falls 75 Tennessee Chattanooga 76 Knoxville 76 Memphis 78 Nashville 76 Texas Abilene 75 Austin 78 Corpus Christi 80 Dallas 78 El Paso 69 Fort Worth 78 Galveston 80 Houston 78 Lubbock 72 San Antonio 78 Port Arthur 80 San Angelo 74 Wichita Falls 76 Utah Salt Lake City 65 Vermont Burlington 73 Rutland 73 Virginia Norfolk 78 Richmond 78 Roanoke 76 Washington Seattle 65 Spokane 65 Tacoma 64 Walla Walla 65 Wenatchee 65 Yakima 65 West Virginia Bluefield 75 Charleston 75 Huntington 76 Parkersburg 75 Wheeling 75 Wisconsin Madison 75 Milwaukee 75 Wyoming Cheyenne 65 Page: 35
Note: this page intentionally left blank Page: 36
END 1999 RE 1 6/99