, pp.48-52 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.141.10 A Study on Smart City Development Project for Regional Innovation: Co-creation and Design Thinking Approach Taihun Lee 1, * Soon-Goo Hong 1,and Hayeong Jeong 1 1 Dong-A University, Gudukro 225, Seo-Gu, Busan, 45236, South Korea napsem@gmail.com, shong@dau.ac.kr, jhayeong@gmail.com Abstract. The decline of population and manufacturing firms in recent decades in Busan Sasang industrial area is not a simple phenomenon, but an industrial structure change. This study proposes a new approach applied co-creation and design thinking for the Sasang smart city development differing from the existing planning method. For the purpose, this study demonstrates the status of population decline and deindustrialization caused by the Sasang industrial structure change with a statistical analysis method, and considers a policy change on Sasang land use planning in last three decades. As an alternative method of the considerable problems, this study suggests a specific policy based on the design thinking and co-creation approaches. Keywords: Co-creation, Design Thinking, Regional Innovation, Smart City, Urban Planning 1. Introduction Busan Sasang-gu is looking for a solution of urban problems such as population decline and industrial production decline, and deterioration of the building and urban facilities. The problems are caused by the industrial structure change of the manufacturing industry decline. As a new development project for overcoming the problem, Busan government is implementing a smart city development planning. The aims of this study is to consider Sasang smart city project in terms of the industrial structure change and land use change and propose a design thinking planning method for encouraging diverse stakeholder such as residents in the participation process by introducing the smart city core technology planning. The approach is expected to be a driving force of regional innovation in terms of the common value creation and the sustainable urban development. For the purpose, this study demonstrates the status of the population decline and the deindustrialization caused by industrial structure change in Sasang by using a statistical analysis method. With consideration on the policy change of Sasang land This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015S1A3A2046781) * Corresponding author ISSN: 2287-1233 ASTL Copyright 2016 SERSC
use planning in the last three decades, the new smart city planning is reviewed. Literature reviews and case studies on introducing the Sasang-gu Smart City Project have conducted for developing a theoretical scheme. The introduction of the new planning method of design thinking that ensure the participation of diverse stakeholders is an alternative policy by adopting smart city core technology that can co-create common value and ensure sustainable urban development. 2. A Consideration on the Sasang Smart City Planning The Sasang Smart City Planning is a detailed district unit planning based on the designation of regeneration project district. District Unit Planning is a system created by integrating urban design by the building law and detailed planning by the urban planning method. The Smart City Planning is necessary for current Sasang area, but it can trigger some problems. First, there is a shortage of factory sites due to the residentialization and a high land value in Sasang. At present, the land value of Sasang is about 8-9 million won. Sasang will also experience such a self-elevation, as the land value of an industry developed by the industry complex regeneration project is on average 13-15 million won per 3.3m². Second, the classification of the complex land of the district unit planning refers to the land to install some or all of the facilities from the industry facilities of the ninth to the twentieth, as specified in Article 2 of the Industry Establishment and Development Act. See from the ninth (B) to (E). Important point is (D) which is a complete deregulation allowing most land use. The multiple land designation is a plan to authorize mixed use for any other purpose, and entrusting the development of this area to the private sector, that is, a land use choice by the market. Third considers whether if the resident participation is not guaranteed and the resident agreement is achieved. In other words, the resident is a passive object that must seek agreement, and lacks view as an active subject that can participate in the planning. It is easy to confuse private participation and resident involvement, where the private sector involved in development means the enterprise, and enterprise-led development will be far from resident involvement. 3. A Policy Propose on the Sasang Smart City Planning Sasang smart city is a matter that must ultimately be derived from social discussions about what to replace the gap of the past manufacturing industry land use in the face of the problems of industry change and urban structure change. Planning has been created with the power of urban experts and industry experts. The discussion of regional problems, where resident participation is not guaranteed, is eventually confronted with a problem of losing balance and leaning to one side. The real problem of expected the land value rise from the consideration of the proposal and planning to authorize the complex land development to lead to mixed-use development that prioritizes the development profit must be considered. In the development of complex land, the creation of specific proposals introducing Copyright 2016 SERSC 49
mixed use should be made new through participation of diverse stakeholders. Also, in the problem recognition, the administrative - led proposal is easy to be based on the recognition of partial problems of administration. Thus, as summarized in Table 1, space planning and land use planning using design method theory of design thinking centered on sympathy for stakeholders ensures the participation of resident and other diverse stakeholders and the concept of common value. It is expected that a reasonable proposal can be made to appropriately arrange matching urban-based facilities. Table 1. A Draft Making on Space Planning and Land Use Planning Introducing Design Thinking Process 1. Making Stakeholders Map Description Create a map of the stakeholders about the problem and collect data that collects the opinion of the stakeholders based on it 2. Call Participants Recruitment of planning space participants through design thinking 3. Recognition and Sharing of the Problem Observe and sympathize with stakeholders' responses to problems Define a specific problem from empathy and set it on a concrete space allocation goal 4. Making a Draft of Space Allocation by Individual Participants Create a plan that everyone thinking is reasonable 5. Integrating individual Space Allocation and Making a Draft 6. Write consideration and modification requirements for expert and stakeholders 7. Individual evaluation and feedback Combine proposals written by multiple participants to create a draft Selected expert and stakeholders to consider and modify Sharing notices of combined proposal and revision requirements, receiving evaluation and feedback 8. Write proposal Create a proposal that reflects the feedback and feedback of revisions and participants 4 Conclusions This study suggests an alternative to the convergence of smart city core technology with the introduction of planning method called design thinking (Design thinking) which considers the ongoing Sasang Smart City Project and guarantees participation of diverse stakeholders in detailed planning process. For the purpose, the population 50 Copyright 2016 SERSC
decline and deindustrialization status of Sasang through the Sasang statistical analysis method were discussed and the policy change of Sasang land use planning which has been going on for the past 30 years was considered. In addition, this study has clarified concrete problems that are expected from the smart city planning that is being conceived through consideration of the laws and regulations of industry and previous researches consideration. As an alternative to this, this study proposed three concrete policy directions to be considered in future on smart city development project based on consideration and case study of design thinking and co-creation. This study is an interpretation of the phenomenon that the urban problem is amplified by the mixed residential in the decline region of the industry through the previous researches and the Sasang change analysis on the change of industrial structure and theoretical investigation of the land use change of the industrial area, and contributes to the land use policy for suggesting a solution. Based on the agreement of the residents and the existing policy decision of the residents, which lacks planning participation, explains the spillover of the urban function caused by the methodology and the vicious cycle of the urban identity, and the proposal through citizen participation based on design thinking. References 1. Choi, B.M.: A Study on Setting up the Concept of Smart City through Analysis on the Term 'Smart', Journal of The Korea Contents, Vol.11, No.12, pp. 943-949, (2011) 2. Chang, H.J., Kim, D.N.: A Study on improvement for disaster resilience of the smart city - Mainly on the data analysis in Great East Japan Earthquake, The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology, Vol.9, No.4, pp. 373-387, (2016) 3. Chang, H.J., Kim, D.N.: A Study on inhabitants self-help scheme via sociotechnology for disaster safety of the smart city - Mainly on lessons of Kamaisi-city in japan, The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology, Vol.16, No.8, pp. 388-403, (2016) 4. Jung, J.H., Chang, D.R.: A Revelation in Creativity Based on Design Thinking in a Horizontal Organizational Structure, Archives of Design Research, Vol.25, No.2, pp. 219-230, (2012) 5. Kim, D.N., Kwon, W.S., Yang, S.M., Huh, H.S.: A Study on Planning Methodologies for Smart City Master Plan - Focused on Spatial Planning of Baikal Smart City Master Plan, Journal of The Urban Design Institute of Korea, Vol.16, No.5, pp. 109-122, (2015) 6. Lee, S.Y., Yoon, H.J.: A Study on Smart Eco-city and Ubiquitous Administrative Spatial Informatization- In terms of Water Pollution and Disaster Prevention of Busan Ecodeltacity, The Journal of The Korea Institute of Electronic Communication Sciences, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 827-839, (2016) 7. Lee, T.H.: A Study on Residentialization in the Land Use Change of Semi Industrial District, Busan: the GIS Analysis Using the Korean House Price Data, Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan, No.12, August, 2013, pp. 61-64, (2013) 8. Lee, J.h., Yang, H.R., Lee, B.K., Cho, A.J., Oh, I.D.: Design Research Direction for Smart Mobility in Mega Cities, Archives of Design Research, Vol.29, No.3, pp. 63-75, (2016) 9. Park, J.S., Hong, S.J., Kim, N.R.: A Development Plan for Co-creation-based Smart City through the Trend Analysis of Internet of Things, Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research, Vol.21, No.4, pp.67-78, (2016) Copyright 2016 SERSC 51
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