Characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption and optimum fertilization in Sugarcane Liuqiang ZHOU, Hongwei TAN Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Status of sugarcane production 1 Materials and Methods 2 Results and analysis 3 Summary
Status of sugarcane production From the early 90s of last century to the present, sugarcane has become one of the pillar industries of Guangxi economy. But sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi soil has poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient etc., high soil clay, and low soil ph.
Currently sugarcane field fertilization problems, has seriously affected the sugarcane production, especially the production of sugarcane sustainable development.
Previous studies showed the production of sugarcanerelated chronic lack of theoretical guidance and technical support, sugarcane fertilizer application rates and costs are 2-3 times abroad.
Now the main question sugarcane fertilization: First, a large amount of fertilizer, most cane growing areas equivalent to the amount of fertilizer was N 594.0-777.0 kg/ha, P 2 O 5 465-513.0 kg/ha and K 2 O 495-585 kg/ha; Second, the high cost of fertilizer, total fertilizer inputs was 7354.2-8831.1 yuan/ha;
Third, the low utilization rate of fertilizer, according to the results of the past five years the sugarcane field test statistics, Utilization rate of nitrogen was 14.5-24.7%, and average 21.2%; Utilization rate of phosphorus was 6.7-13.4%, and average 11.6%; Utilization rate of potassium was 15.6-26.9%, and average 21.1%.
Leaders, experts and concerned sugarcane production
1 Materials and Methods Optimized fertilization experiment included No fertilizer (CK), Optimum fertilization NPK (NPK1), Farmer fertilization NPK (NPK2), Organic plus chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK + M), experimental plot 33.3m 2.
Treatments of utilization rate of fertilizer: (1), Field of experiment of nitrogen fertilizer application rate (2), Field of experiment of phosphorus fertilizer application rate (3), Field of experiment of potassium fertilizer application rate
Different fertilizer treatments and fertilizer application rate (kg.hm -2 ) 处理 尿素 (N) 过磷酸钙 (P2O5) 氯化钾 (K2O) 有机肥 (N) CK 0 0 0 0 优化施肥 NPK1 276 90 225 0 习惯施肥 NPK2 315.3 519 540 0 NPK+M 276 90 225 4500
Sugarcane field before the test soil physicochemical properties 处理 ph 有机质全氮全磷全钾碱解氮速效磷速效钾 Treatments Organic matter Total N Total P Total K Alkalized N Available P Available K (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) 试验前 4.75 23.32 1.41 0.46 10.14 114.0 2.61 71.0
Sugarcane field trials by the seedling to maturity
2 Results and analysis 2.1 NPK nutrient uptake by sugarcane 2.2 Utilization rate of fertilizer in sugarcane fertilization 2.3 Influence of different fertilization on yield and quality of sugarcane
2.1 NPK nutrient uptake by sugarcane (1) Nitrogen uptake by sugarcane Nitrogen nutrient content of seedling, tillering, elongation and maturity was 0.95% -2.30% in sugarcane leaves; Nitrogen nutrient content of seedling, tillering, elongation and maturity content was 0.40 % -2.10% in sugarcane stem.
Sugarcane leaf nitrogen content in growth periods 生育期 苗期 分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 成熟期 收获期 部位 叶 N( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 113 最大 20.69 13.19 22.98 25.21 15.57 15.36 最小 11.53 9.29 10.87 6.17 13.92 1.89 平均 17.81 11.41 16.58 13.19 14.68 9.48 标准差 1.854 1.21 3.75 3.70 0.61 2.88 变异系数 10.41 10.63 22.60 28.08 4.16 30.42
Sugarcane stem nitrogen content in growth periods 生育期 苗期 分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 收获期 部位 茎 N( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 124 最大 20.69 11.98 7.56 7.76 29.90 最小 11.53 1.75 4.01 2.75 1.45 平均 17.81 8.05 5.23 4.75 6.77 标准差 1.854 2.59 0.60 1.03 6.11 变异系数 10.41 32.13 11.44 21.72 90.30
(2)Sugarcane nitrogen requirement change in growth periods No fertilization treatment (CK), nitrogen content was 0.55% -1.75%, sugarcane seedling up to 1.75%, with the increase of sugarcane growing amount, effect of nutrients dilution is obvious, the nitrogen content only was 0.55% in sugarcane maturity. Optimized fertilization fertilization (NPK1), sugarcane nitrogen content was 0.53% -1.80%, sugarcane seedling up to 1.80%, with the increase of sugarcane growing amount, effect of nutrients dilution is obvious, the nitrogen content only was 0.53% in sugarcane maturity.
(3)Nitrogen uptake First Seedling sugarcane nitrogen (N) uptake intensity 159-229.5 g/day/ha, sugarcane nitrogen uptake intensity to the initial elongation (mid-june) was 790.5-1425.0 g/day/ha, but also with it was larger difference for nitrogen uptake intensity in different fertilization treatment.
(4) Nitrogen absorbing capacity in various growth stages of sugarcane Nitrogen absorbing capacity of sugarcane seedling, tillering, the initial elongation, elongation stage, and maturity accounting for 7.9%, 16.1%, 31.0%, 35.3% and 9.7%, respectively.
2.1.2 Phosphorus nutrient uptake by sugarcane (1)Phosphorus uptake by sugarcane phosphorus content was 0.42% in seedling, and phosphorus content fell to 0.18% in maturity.
The phosphorus content of leaf in growth period of sugarcane 生育期 苗期 分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 成熟期 收获期 部位 叶 P( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 124 最大 2.72 1.72 3.84 2.89 1.59 2.06 最小 1.41 1.24 1.12 1.03 1.42 0.48 平均 2.10 1.44 1.98 1.70 1.51 1.22 标准差 0.345 0.13 0.85 0.54 0.07 0.35 变异系数 16.42 9.19 43.11 31.76 4.37 28.42
The sugarcane stem phosphorus content in different periods 生育期 苗期 分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 收获期 部位 茎 P( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 124 最大 2.72 2.44 0.96 0.83 4.94 最小 1.41 0.95 0.50 0.25 0.20 平均 2.10 1.32 0.59 0.52 0.76 标准差 0.345 0.36 0.05 0.09 0.83 变异系数 16.42 27.28 8.53 17.72 108.22
(2)Each growth stage of sugarcane on phosphorus uptake intensity At the beginning of the seedling, phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) intensity uptake by sugarcane was 30.0-60.0 g/day/ha, there was phosphorus uptake peak, and NK treatment (phosphorus deficiency treatment), it was 20 days ahead, then sugar cane phosphorus intensity uptake was 259.5 g/day/ha. Other fertilization treatment of sugarcane phosphorus uptake intensity strength at early elongation stage (mid June) was 199.5-375.0 g/day/ha, at the same time, with also with it was larger difference for phosphorus uptake intensity in different fertilization treatment.
(3)Phosphorus absorbing capacity in various growth stages of sugarcane Phosphorus absorbing capacity of sugarcane seedling, tillering, the initial elongation, elongation stage, and maturity accounting for 7.1%, 18.5%, 31.6%, 36.7% and 6%, respectively.
2.1.3 Potassium nutrient uptake by sugarcane (1)Potassium uptake by sugarcane potassium content was 1% in seedling, and potassium content fell to 0.50% in maturity.
The potassium content of the leaves in sugarcane growth period 生育期 苗期分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 成熟期 收获期 部位 叶 K( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 124 最大 20.65 19.51 22.66 36.67 18.05 19.34 最小 6.53 3.55 5.04 3.02 15.96 3.23 平均 12.25 13.24 15.09 16.08 17.00 11.84 标准差 4.31 3.67 4.72 8.41 0.79 3.57 变异系数 35.17 27.74 31.30 52.31 4.63 30.11
The potassium content of the stem in sugarcane growth period 生育期 苗期 分蘖期 拔节期 伸长期 收获期 部位 茎 K( 克 / 千克 ) 数据量 31 30 16 38 135 最大 20.65 26.94 15.33 11.74 44.03 最小 6.53 5.36 4.30 1.23 0.41 平均 12.25 14.16 10.96 5.55 9.23 标准差 4.31 5.67 2.98 2.69 10.63 变异系数 35.17 40.08 27.16 48.55 115.11
(2)Each growth stage of sugarcane on potassium uptake intensity Early seedling of sugarcane, potassium (K 2 O) uptake intensity was 79.5-160.5 g/day/ha, and early elongation stage (mid June)potassium uptake intensity was 610.5-2179.5 g/day/ha. At the same time, with also it was larger difference for potassium uptake intensity in different fertilization treatment. Potassium uptake intensity gradually decreased to 199.5-250.5 g/day/ha in sugarcane maturity.
Potassium absorbing capacity in various growth stages of sugarcane Potassium absorbing capacity of sugarcane seedling, tillering, the initial elongation, elongation stage, and maturity accounting for 4.2%, 13.7%, 32.8%, 41.2% and 8.1%, respectively.
Field performance of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
2.2 Utilization rate of fertilizer in sugarcane different fertilization Field experiment results showed, sugarcane utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient were 31.46%, 10.19%, and 27.34%,respectively. Sugarcane by irrigation, utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient were for 42.33-51.32%, 24.33-30.21%, and 41.36-52.11%,respectively.
There is irrigation and no irrigation condition, the utilization rate of fertilizer on sugarcane(%) 养分利用率 喷灌 微喷 滴灌 无灌溉 氮肥利用率 42.33 50.39 51.32 31.46 磷肥利用率 24.33 29.41 30.21 10.19 钾肥利用率 41.37 51.64 52.11 27.34
Optimized fertilization, utilization rate of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 42.33%, 23.71% and 43.14%, respectively. Chemical potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer plus organic fertilizer (NPK+M) treatment, utilization rate of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had little difference. It was obviously higher than that farmer fertilization (NPK2) treatment.
Utilization rate of fertilizer in different fertilization(%) 养分利用率 优化施肥施肥 (NPK1) 习惯施肥施肥 (NPK2) 化肥氮磷钾加有机肥 (NPK+M) 氮肥利用率 42.33 35.23 42.72 磷肥利用率 23.71 12.01 27.11 钾肥利用率 43.14 31.14 42.91
2.3 Influence of different fertilization on yield and quality of sugarcane No fertilizer treatment, the sugarcane yield was lower than 40 tons/ha. Sugarcane optimization fertilization has increased of yield, it was 169-172 tons per hectare yield, or 149-161.7%. Optimizing fertilization can increased of sucrose content of 1.13 percentage points on sugarcane.
Effects of different fertilization in sugarcane yield and quality (kg/hm 2 ) 处理不施肥 (CK) 优化施肥施肥 (NPK1) 习惯施肥施肥 (NPK2) 化肥氮磷钾加有 机肥 (NPK+M) 产量 39415.0 101820.0 98124.0 103145.0 增产量 62405 58709 63730 增产 (%) 158.3 149.0 161.7 蔗糖分 (%) 15.61 16.74 15.77 16.44
Field demonstration
Field demonstration 分蘖多
3 Summary The proportion of nitrogen uptake by sugarcane in different growth stages, for example, optimized fertilization (NPK1) treatment, the seedling, tillering, arly elongation stage, elongation stage and mature period accounted for 7.9%, 16.1%, 31%, 35.3%, and 9.7%, respectively. The proportion of phosphorus uptake by sugarcane in different growth stages, seedling, tillering stage, early elongation stage, elongation stage and mature period accounted for 7.1%, 18.5%, 31.6%, 36.7%, and 6%, respectively. The proportion of potassium uptake by sugarcane in different growth stages, seedling, tillering, early elongation stage, elongation stage and mature period accounted for 4.2%, 13.7%, 32.8%, 41.2%, and 8.1%, respectively.
It was larger difference for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake intensity in different fertilization treatment. Optimized fertilization (NPK1) treatment, nitrogen uptake intensity of sugarcane was 1425 g/day/ha in early elongation stage. Control (CK) treatment, nitrogen uptake intensity of sugarcane was 799.5 g/day/ha in early elongation stage.
Optimized fertilization (NPK1) treatment significantly increased the cane yield and sugar content.
Optimized fertilization, utilization rate of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 42.33%, 23.71% and 43.14%, respectively. Chemical potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer plus organic fertilizer (NPK+M) treatment, utilization rate of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had little difference. It was obviously higher than that farmer fertilization (NPK2) treatment.
The treatment with optimized fertilization, sugarcane yield increasing was significantly, the yield was 98-103 tons per hectare yield, or increased the yield of 149-161.7%. Sugarcane by optimization fertilization can improve the sucrose content of 1.13 percentage points.
The results based field experiments, the target yield is 75-100 tons/ha, recommendation of N, P 2 O 5, and K 2 O application rate will be 270-315 kg/ha, 75-90 kg/ha, and 225-270 kg/ha, respectively.
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