LAND USE PLANNING ON REGIONAL LEVEL Sustainable Development of Lake Areas Tartu, Atlantis, 22nd Feb. 2008 Taivo Tali Tartu County Development Head of Development and Planning Department taivo.tali@tartumaa.ee 1
INTRODUCTION Whether Estonian planning system is suitable to protect nature and culture Whether land-use planning ensure sustainable development, balanced development between different interest in coastal areas Sustainable development is strongly influenced by regional and local territorial planning 2
PLANNING SYSTEM AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN ESTONIA Planning Law: 1. Area and objective (2)... To ensure as much as possible of community member s interests and needs and ensure conditions for sustainable and balanced development in spatial planning, land-use and building. (3) Spatial planning must be: Democratic Co-ordinating and integrating different dev. plans Functional Long-term Balanced between economical, social, cultural and natural environment
Public, interests groups PLANNING SYSTEM AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN ESTONIA (2) Estonian national spatial plan Estonia 2010 County plan Comprehensive plan (municiapal spatial plan) Development plans, thematic plans, strategies, action plans Detail plan
PLANNING SYSTEM AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN ESTONIA (3) Planning Hierarchy 1) NATIONAL (GENERAL) SPATIAL PLAN (prospective development of the whole territory of the state and the settlement systems, infrastructure) 2) REGIONAL/COUNTY PLAN (prospective development of the territory of a county) 3) COMPREHENSIVE PLAN (general directions for the development of municipalities, base for the preparation of detailed plans) 4) DETAILED PLAN (land use and building provisions for cities, towns and parishes) 5
TARTU COUNTY Over 100 km coastal line + 200 km riverbank of Emajõgi You cannot build near than 100 metre from the big lakes shoreline (50 at Emajõgi). Exceptions! 6
TARTU COUNTY Over 3000 people live at coastline + Emajõgi shores
COUNTY PLANNING directing spatial development of county (settlement system, restrictions, recreational areas, valuable landscapes, nature areas, tecnical infrastructure, social infrastructure etc.) supervising local governemnts planning (accordance of law and higher level plans enforced county plan is the binding basis for comprehensive planning no direct impact on legal bodies Recommendations!!! comprehensive plan can propose partial alterations to valid county plan
Võru county
COUNTY PLAN GREEN NETWORK AND VALUABLE LANDSCAPES New developments in suburban areas (5 km from the centre of Tartu
PLANNING CHALLENGES IN REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL Working planning system Experience more than 10 years Still many problems in sustainable and correct landuse considering public interests and environmental needs in the same time 11
PROBLEMS IN PLANNING Many legal instruments have not been enforced Legal nihilism is often observed Insufficient controlling system Weakness of state institutions Lack of national, some regional and local spatial plans (still) Soviet style thinking ( plan is just paper ) Non-transparency Consultant s plans 12
PROBLEMS IN PLANNING Low public awareness Strategic and development plans have often no relationships between spatial plans Lack of general ( helicopter s ) view Ignorance of building procedure in the coastal areas Continually not reformed state land. No ownership Suburbanisation, an active process of development of private residential properties and the infrastructure have caused big pressure on land-use in protected areas and OPEN SPACE 13
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People also like to live in beautiful areas. They like to own the land around them. My home is my castle. Privatization of land and legal framework make it really possible. We are learning to be as owners by ourselves. Local governments also interested to get new people to live in their territories due the tax money they will get. Companies would like to build new factories, ports or infrastructure near the coastal land and in protecting areas. BIG PRESSURE FOR USING NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. WE ARE LOSING BEAUTIFUL LAND AND OPEN SPACE 15
Conflict between: PRIVATE INTERESTS (real-estate companies, industrial companies, landowners) PUBLIC INTERESTS (open space, green areas, recreation and valuable arable lands, protected areas) 16
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NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SUBURBAN AREAS (5 KM FROM THE CENTRE OF TARTU
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SUBURBAN AREAS (5 KM FROM THE CENTRE OF TARTU (2) 19
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SUBURBAN AREAS (5 KM FROM THE CENTRE OF TARTU (3) I got my own harbour!! 20
People lost the hiking trail 21
Detail plan near the Peipsi Lake Camping place for more than 50 people Nature area Active feedback
PEIPSIÄÄRE WORLD HERITAGE HOW TO KEEP ITI AS SUCH? 23
PEIPSIÄÄRE WORLD HERITAGE HOW TO KEEP IT AS SUCH? Where are parking places? Where is a center of the village? How to keep milieu? Bicycle road? 24
Conflict between nature and human: Private house in the most important park in Tallinn, Kadriorg 25
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GOOD EXAMPLES Municiapl proactive planning near the Võrtsjärve: 1. Tamme recreational area detail plan, beach and boat-harbour open for everybody. 2. Tamme hiking trail 29
Streetvillage special rules 30
GOOD EXAMPLES (2) Jõgeva Peipsi area thematic plan: Conditions of new buildings and infrastructure will be given only by Local governement Shapes, heights, colours, volumes, materials of old typical buildings must be followed Traditional building materials must be used (no plastic) Changes in buildings, frontages, fences and landscape must be co-ordinated with LG Old buildings must be kept Acces to Peipus Lake must be available everywere Road villages must be kept (order) Must be suitable with landscape 31
Some conclusions Planning must be cross-sectoral development tool Environmental Impacts Assessments (EIA) according to international standards Protection of bio-diversity (also agricultural land) and prevent future urbanisation and infrastrusture Openness and stronger public participation (NGOs) in the spatial planning development process (including cultural and historic landscapes) Common standards for spatial development based on the available standards More obligations in municipal level More detailed planning and building descriptions More legal power in county level More competence 32
THANK YOU! 33