Activity Sheet Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Molecules Matter Name: Date: Question to investigate- Is the speed of water molecules different in hot and cold water? Hot water in a clear plastic cup Cold water in a clear plastic cup Food coloring (yellow and blue) 1. Carefully place 1 drop of yellow and 1 drop of blue food coloring into the hot and cold water at the same time. 2. Allow the colors to mix on their own as you watch them for a couple of minutes. Questions 1. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the cold water. 2. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the hot water. 3. What does the speed of the mixing colors tell you about the speed of the molecules in hot and cold water? 4. There were several variables in this experiment: Amount of water in each cup Type of cup used Number of drops of food coloring When the coloring was added to the water Pick one of these variables and explain why you made sure it was kept the same in the two cups. 5. Based on your observations and the animations, fill in the blanks with the words increases or decreases. Heating a substance molecular motion. Cooling a substance molecular motion. As molecular motion increases, the space between molecules. As molecular motion decreases, the space between molecules. 6. Using circles to represent water molecules, draw a model of the molecules in cold and hot water. Draw below Use motion lines to show the speed of the molecules. Consider the space between molecules in each temperature of water.
Question to investigate- What makes the liquid in a thermometer go up and down? Student thermometer Magnifier Cold water Hot water (about 50 C) A. Look closely at the parts of the thermometer. 1. Look closely at your thermometer. The liquid inside is probably a type of alcohol that s been dyed red. 2. Read the temperature in C by having your eye on the same level as the top of the red liquid. What is the temperature? 3. Use a magnifier to look closely at the thermometer from the front and from the side. Look at the bulb and the thin tube that contain the red liquid. 4. Put your thumb or finger on the red bulb and see if the red liquid moves in the thin tube. B. Observe the red liquid in the thermometer when it is heated and cooled. 1. Place the thermometer in hot water and watch the red liquid. Keep it in the hot water until the liquid stops moving. Record the temperature in C. 2. Now put the thermometer in cold water. Keep it in the cold water until the liquid stops moving. Record the temperature in C. What did you observe? Questions 1. Based on what you know about the way molecules move in hot liquids, explain why the liquid in the thermometer goes up when heated. 2. Based on what you know about the way molecules move in cold liquids, explain why the liquid in the thermometer goes down when cooled. 3. Why do you think the tube that contains the red liquid is so thin? 4. What do you think is the purpose of the larger outer tube? Question to investigate- How does heating and cooling affect a solid? After you watch the molecular model animations of liquids and solids, answer the questions below. 1. How is the motion of the atoms in solid metal different from the motion of the molecules in liquid water? 2. What is it about atoms and molecules in liquids and solids that keep them close to one another even though they are moving? 3. At room-temperature the metal ball fit through the ring. What happened when your teacher tried to push the heated ball through the ring?
4. What happened to the atoms in the heated metal ball so that it didn t fit through the ring? You saw in the animation that atoms in a solid move faster and get slightly further apart when heated. You also saw that they slow down and get slightly closer together when cooled. Use this information to make your own drawing on the molecular level of the metal ball. 6. Draw a model of the atoms in the metal ball at room-temperature and after it has been heated. Use circles and motion lines to show the speed and spacing of the atoms in the roomtemperature ball. Include captions like atoms faster and further apart or atoms slower and closer together to describe your drawing. Look at the picture of the road of a bridge. The road on a bridge gets colder in the winter and hotter in the summer than the road leading to it and away from it. Many bridges have a flexible connection like the one shown in the picture. 7. Knowing what you do about how solids act when they are heated and cooled, why do you think they put flexible connections in the road on a bridge?
Question to investigate- How do heating and cooling affect a gas? 2 clear plastic cups 8-oz plastic bottle Detergent solution in cup Hot water Cold water A. Warming the air inside the bottle 1. Pour hot water into an empty cup until it is about ½-full. 2. Turn the bottle over and dip the opening of the bottle into the detergent to get a film of detergent covering the rim. 3. While holding the bottle, slowly push the bottom of the bottle down into the hot water. B. Cooling the air inside the bottle 4. Pour cold water into another cup until it is about ½-full. 5. If there is still a bubble on the bottle, slowly push the bottom of the bottle down into the cold water. 6. If a bubble is not still on the bottle, make another bubble by dipping the opening into detergent and then pushing the bottom of the bottle into hot water again. 7. While holding the bottle, slowly push the bottom of the bottle down into the cold water. 4. What happened to the film of detergent solution when you placed the bottle in hot water? 5. What happened to the bubble when you placed the bottle in cold water? You saw an animation showing the air molecules inside a bottle when it is placed in hot and cold water. Think of the animation and use the drawing below as a reference to answer the questions at the top of the next page. 6. What caused the bubble to form when you placed the bottle in hot water? Be sure to write about the speed of the molecules inside the bubble and the force on the bubble from the outside air.
7. Why did the bubble get smaller when you placed the bottle in cold water? Be sure to write about the speed of the molecules inside the bubble and the force on the bubble from the outside air. You saw an animation about the molecules in solids, liquids, and gases. 8. Draw circles to represent the molecules in a solid, liquid, and gas. Because all three different substances are all at the same temperature, draw the same number of motion lines near the circles for each substance. Under each box, write about the arrangement and motion of the molecules and the attractions the molecules have for one another.