ENERGY WO 21: 2012 California Lighting and Appliance Saturation Study (CLASS) Public Webinar: Key Findings and Introduction to Webtool Claire Palmgren JUNE 16, 2014 1 DNV GL 2013 June 16, 2014 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
Agenda Overview of CLASS Study Methodology Highlights Key trends for Appliance categories Questions Key trends for Lighting categories Questions Overview of webtool Questions Wrap-up 2
CLASS Report Available for Comment The CLASS Final Report is available at: http://www.energydataweb.com/cpuc Click on to Search tab at the top of the page then scroll down to the bottom and type CLASS in the search field Draft Report dated 6/5/2014 on the Public Documents Area Comments on the CLASS report can be submitted until June 30 th If have problems viewing report or submitting comments, please contact Lisa Paulo at lisa.paulo@cpuc.ca.gov 3
Overview of CLASS Study 4
CA Lighting and Appliance Saturation Study Overview Purpose: Update and augment saturation and efficiency characteristics from previous CLASS studies conducted in 2005 and 2000 Objective 1: Complete 2,000 onsite surveys of single-family, multi-family and mobile home residences in the service territories of the Investor Owned Utilities. Objective 2: Develop a database of residential building characteristics, lighting and appliance saturations and efficiencies, expanded to represent the population of residential individually-metered population. Objective 3: Develop a web-based tool to provide utility staff and other parties the ability to construct queries of the data. Objective 4: Conduct trend analyses of saturations and efficiencies between the 2012 CLASS data to compare results from the previous CLASS studies. 5
Statewide Final Sample Location: 1,987 Homes 6
CLASS Onsite Data Collected Building Envelope Refrigerators & Self-standing Freezers Heating Equipment Cooling Equipment Water Heaters Dishwashers, Clothes Washers & Dryers Television & Connected Devices Personal Computers & Peripherals Ranges & Ovens Spa & Pool Equipment Lighting (indoor and exterior) 7
CLASS Model Matching Onsite Data to Efficiency Databases Efficiency Data, for equipment matched to reference sources: Heating Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) Cooling Systems Central Systems: Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) Space Systems: Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) Freezers and Refrigerators Annual Unit Energy Consumption Dishwashers, Washing Machines and Water Heaters Energy Factor, Modified Energy Factor (washers) 8
Model Numbers Obtained On-site for Major Appliances Present in Homes 2000-2012 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Primary Refrigerators Primary Freezer Dishwasher Washing Machine Water Heater 2000 (n=1,258) 2005 (n=848) 2012 (n=1,987) 9
Model Numbers Obtained On-site for Heating and Cooling Systems Present in Homes 2000-2012 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cooling Overall Cooling Packaged Cooling Split Cooling Win/Wall Heat Pump Heating 2000 (n=1,258) 2005 (n=848) 2012 (n=1,987) 10
Model Numbers Matched to Efficiency Databases for Major Appliances (Total Units) in Homes 2000-2012 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Primary Refrigerators Primary Freezer Dishwasher Washing Machine Water Heater 2000 (n=1,258) 2005 (n=848) 2012 (n=1,987) 11
Model Numbers Matched to Efficiency Databases for Primary Heating and Cooling (Total Units) in Homes 2000-2012 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cooling Overall Cooling Packaged Cooling Split Cooling Win/Wall Heat Pump Heating 2000 (n=1,258) 2005 (n=848) 2012 (n=1,987) 12
2012 CLASS Compared to 2005 CLASS Conducted 1,987 site visits compared to 848 in 2005 Obtained model numbers on-site for a higher proportion of equipment (~15% higher) Matched a higher proportion of model numbers of total units to external sources to obtain efficiency information(~20% improvement) More complete information in database and smaller error bounds for estimates 13
Primary Refrigerators: Average Annual Energy Consumption 1150 1050 Average UEC 950 850 750 650 550 450 11 to 14 15 to 18 19 to 22 23+ Size Range (cu. ft.) 2012 (n=1626) 2005 (n=522) 2000 (n=600) Larger sample of units for 2012 with AEC information Smaller error bounds 14
2012 CLASS Sample Expanded to the IOU Household Population Strata Weights Sampling strata based on Electric IOU, climate zone group (mild, inland, desert), CARE/FERA participation, avg. daily kwh Calculated based on the ratio of the number of sites in the population in that stratum to the number of sites in the sample completed site visits w h = N h /n h, where h is the stratum number Similar to weights used in 2000 and 2005 CLASS studies and 2003 and 2009 RASS studies Most appropriate to use when comparing to previous CLASS and RASS studies Census-adjusted Weights Proportion of single-family type residences and owner-occupied housing units higher in CLASS sample than Census estimates Adjusted strata weights to reduce potential bias in estimates Most appropriate to use when describing current state of housing stock within IOU electric service territory with individual electric meters 15
Key Trends for Appliances 16
Statewide Comparison of Average Age for Major Appliances 2000-2012 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Primary Refrigerators Secondary Refrigerators Freezers Hot Water Heaters Washers Dryers Dishwashers 2000 8.5 12.8 13.6 8.8 7.4 8.4 9.0 2005 6.6 9.0 11.7 7.2 6.7 7.6 7.4 2012 8.4 10.0 10.4 8.0 7.1 6.9 7.6 17
Statewide Comparison of Average Age for HVAC 2000-2012 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Furnace Central Furnace Space HP Central A/C Central A/C Space 2000 20.2 31.3 13.2 12.3 13.0 2005 17.0 29.0 12.2 10.8 11.9 2012 15.5 11.9 15.3 15.1 9.1 18
Statewide Comparison of Primary Refrigerator Style All households but one had a Primary Refrigerator Bottom Freezers are becoming more prevalent 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Standard Top Freezer Side by Side Bottom Freezer Built in Half or Quarter Size Refrigerator Only Single Door 2000 (n=1000) 59.7% 34.1% 4.6% 0.0% 0.2% 1.4% 0.0% 2005 (n=848) 52.0% 43.2% 3.8% 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 2012 (n=1986) 44.3% 39.6% 13.9% 1.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 19
Statewide Comparison of Primary Refrigerator Energy Consumption Average Energy Consumption has decreased since 2005 1150 1050 Average UEC 950 850 750 650 550 450 11 to 14 15 to 18 19 to 22 23+ Size Range (cu. ft.) 2012 (n=1626) 2005 (n=522) 2000 (n=600) 20
Statewide Comparison of Secondary Refrigerator Efficiency 25% of households have a second refrigerator compared to 19% in 2005 Average UEC has decreased for larger sizes 2200 2000 1800 1600 Average UEC 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 1 to 10 11 to 14 15 to 18 19 to 22 23+ Size Range (cu. ft.) 2012 (n=469) 2005 (n=69) 2000 (n=54) 21
Statewide Comparison of Stand-alone Freezer Efficiency 16% of households have a stand-alone freezer compared to 19% in 2005 Average UEC has not changed significantly Average UEC 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 Chest and Upright Chest Upright Freezer Type 2012 (n=231) 2005 (n=51) 2000 (n=39) 22
Statewide Comparison of Heating Efficiency 2000-2012: AFUE 82.0 80.0 78.0 76.0 74.0 AFUE 72.0 70.0 68.0 66.0 64.0 62.0 Furnace Central Furnace Space 2000 (n=196) 78.7 69.3 2005 (n=246) 80.6 72.2 2012 (n=1067) 81.0 73.2 23
Statewide Comparison of Central Heating Efficiency Split Forced Air systems are moving towards higher efficiency, but not significantly compared to 2005 82.0 81.5 81.0 Average AFUE 80.5 80.0 79.5 79.0 78.5 78.0 Split Forced Air Package Forced Air Heating System Type Furnace (No AC) 2012 (n=971) 2005 (n=203) 2000 (n=177) 24
Statewide Comparison of Efficiency for SEER Rated Central Cooling Equipment 2000-2012 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 HP Central A/C Central 2000 9.5 9.5 2005 10.8 10.3 2012 12.2 11.3 25
Statewide Comparison of Central Cooling Efficiency All sizes appear to be trending to more efficient, with significant improvements for some size ranges 14.5 13.5 Average SEER 12.5 11.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 2.0-2.49 2.5-2.99 3.0-3.49 3.5-3.99 4.0-4.49 4.5-5+ Central Cooling, AllTypes - Size Range (Tons) 2012 (n=798) 2005 (n=147) 2000 (n=200) 26
Statewide Comparison of Water Heating Efficiency 40 gallon gas and electric have improved efficiency 0.95 0.9 Average Energy Factor 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 40 Gallons Gas 40 Gallons Propane 40 Gallons Electric Size Range (Gallons) 50 Gallons Electric 2012 (n=454) 2005 (n=194) 2000 (n=224) 27
Statewide Comparison of Efficiency for Energy Factor Rated Appliances 2000-2012 Clothes washers have significantly improved efficiency Dishwashers about the same as 2005 8.00 7.00 6.00 Average Energy Factor 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Washer Standard Washer Horizontal Dishwashers 2000 1.31 3.95 0.48 2005 1.22 4.13 0.50 2012 2.73 7.31 0.61 28
Statewide Televisions 2012 LCD type TVs most prevalent TV information not collected in 2005 29
Statewide Personal Computers 2012 Average of more than one PC per household PC information not collected in 2005 Type of Residence Avg. Number of PCs Error Avg. Bound Overall 1.7 0.0 Single Family Detached 1.8 0.0 Apt 2-4 Units 1.4 0.2 Apt 5+ Units 1.5 0.1 Duplex (Single Story) 1.4 0.2 Mobile Home 1.3 0.1 Townhouse/Rowhouse (2-4 Unit Multi-Story) 1.7 0.1 30
Key Findings for Lighting 31
Key Findings: Lighting: Number of Fixtures and Lamps Average number of fixtures has increased since 2005 Average number of lamps within confidence level, so not significantly different 50.0 45.0 40.0 40.6 46.1 35.0 30.0 25.0 23.5 29.6 2005 (n=847) 20.0 2012 (n=1987) 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Fixtures Lamps 32
Key Findings: Lighting: Statewide Fixture Type Distribution 2000-2012 Decrease in ceiling mounted fixtures Increase in recessed fixtures 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 27.7% 21.7% 20.4% 25.5% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 2000 (n=1255) 2005 (n=847) 2012 Strata weights, limited to 2005 CLASS spaces (n=1987) 33
Key Findings: Lighting: Statewide Proportions of Lamp Types Proportion of CFLs and halogens increased Incandescent lamps decreased 2012 2005 2000 Lamp Type Percent of Total Lamps (n=1,987) Percent of Total Lamps (n=847) Percent of Total Lamps (n = 1,255) Compact Fluorescent Total 28.6% 8.6% 0.9% Fluorescent Total 11.5% 11.7% 15.4% Halogen Total 7.8% 4.1% 2.8% HID Total 0.0% Incandescent Total 48.9% 75.6% 80.8% LED Total 1.2% Socket Empty Total 2.2% - - 34
Key Findings: Lighting: Statewide Proportion of Homes with Lamp Types Proportion of homes having CFLs, T8s, halogens increased 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 2000 (n = 1255) 2005 (n=847) 2012 (n=1987) 10.0% 0.0% Compact Fluorescent Total Fluorescent T8 Total Fluorescent T12 Total Halogen Total Incandescent Total LED Total 35
Overview of 2012 CLASS Webtool 36
Accessing 2012 CLASS Webtool 2012 CLASS Webtool available at: http://websafe.kemainc.com/projects62/default.aspx?tabid=190 Register and login to access CLASS Web Tool tab CLASS User Guide available from landing page and query page: https://websafe.kemainc.com/projects62/portals/4/class_doc/2014.05.02%20wo21% 20CLASS%20Webtool%20User%20Guide.pdf 2005 and 2000 CLASS webtool available at: http://calresest.kemainc.com/ Login to access CALRES EST CA IOU Choose database: 2000 CA IOU Appliance Survey 2000 CA IOU Lighting Survey 2005 CA IOU Appliance Survey 2005 CA IOU Lighting Survey 37
Comparison of 2012 Tool to 2005 Tool Functionality available in 2005 webtool: All functionality from 2005 tool is available in 2012 tool Additional Functionality for 2012: Report Help Note describes the query Ability to select weights to apply Report Specific Filters are shown for equipment type and report type to limit data shown in report Group-by variables can be selected by level to change order of the grouping 2005 tool had a set list with output displayed in the order of the list General Filters support limiting the data included in the report 38
Comparison of 2012 Results to 2005 Results Select Strata Weights weighting scheme on 2012 CLASS Webtool for all comparisons with previous CLASS studies and RASS For Lighting, limit Room types of 2012 to spaces similar to 2005 by selecting all of the following under Report Specific Filters: Bathroom - 1, Bathroom - 2, Bathroom - 3, Bathroom - 4 Bedroom - 1, Bedroom - 2, Bedroom - 3, Bedroom - 4, Bedroom - 5 Closet Dining Room Exterior - Entry Garage Hallway Kitchen Laundry/Utility Room Living Room Office Other 39
2012 CLASS Webtool Demonstration How do I find out the percentage of water heaters in various efficiency categories? (Not comparing to 2005 study results) View: Select Appliance Category: Select 24. Water Heater Efficiency Report Type: Select 02. Energy Factor Bins Weighting Scheme: Select Census-adjusted weights Scroll down and hit Submit 40
2012 CLASS Webtool Demonstration How do I find out the percentage of water heaters in various efficiency categories? Scroll down and hit Submit 41
Wrap-Up 42
Wrap-Up Written comments on the Draft Report are due Friday, June 30 th The CLASS Final Report is available at: http://www.energydataweb.com/cpuc Click on to Search tab at the top of the page then scroll down to the bottom and type CLASS in the search field Draft Report dated 6/5/2014 on the Public Documents Area If have problems viewing report or submitting comments, please contact Lisa Paulo at lisa.paulo@cpuc.ca.gov 43
Claire Palmgren claire.palmgren@dnvgl.com 510-891-0446 www.dnvgl.com SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 44