Design and Commissioning of Lighting Control Systems Rick Miller, PE, LC, LEED AP RNM Engineering, Inc. October 18, 2012
Objectives Review the Cx process as it relates to lighting control. Emphasize the importance of thorough control narratives. Stress the need to implement multiple control strategies to achieve maximum energy savings. 2
Commissioning Misconception A common misconception is that factory start-up is commissioning. by Brian K. Baumgartle, Oct 2012 Consulting Specifying Engineer magazine 3
Definition of Commissioning A quality-focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project. The process focuses upon verifying and documenting that the facility and all of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the owner s project requirements (OPR). ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005 4
CA Cx Collaborative 5
ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005, The Commissioning Process 6
LEED by USGBC LEED for New Construction Prerequisite (Required) Enhanced (Optional) 7
Illuminating Engineering Society IES DG-29-11: The Commissioning Process Applied to Lighting and Control Systems 8
Energy Codes ASHRAE 90.1 IECC State and Local CA Title 24-Part 6 Watts per Square Foot - W/SF or LPD Required Controls 9
Title 24 Automatic Off Vacancy sensing Photo switch (for outdoor) Time schedule or Curfew Reduction or Dimming a/b switching manual a/b switching - automatic dimming manual dimming automatic Acceptance Testing (By licensed person) Architect Engineer Contractor http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/ CEC-400-2008-001/CEC-400-2008-001-CMF.pdf 10
Lighting Control Strategies Local Controls Building Level Controls Centralized Controls 11
Local Control Strategies Multi-Level Switching Occupancy/Vacancy Sensing Daylight Harvesting Architectural Dimming Personal Tuning Lumen Maintenance Plug Load 12
Building Control Strategies Time Schedule Facility Tuning Adaptation Compensation (visual response) Adaptive Response (change wrt time) Load Shed (initiated by building owner) Demand Response (initiated by utility co.) Emergency Condition (UL924) 13
Centralized Control Strategies Automated Maintenance BMS Integration Energy Management Energy Dashboards 14
Daylighting Harvesting The selection and placement of the sensor is critical for successful operation. SPOT (Sensor Placement + Optimization Tool) www.archenergy.com/spot/ 15
IES DG-29-11 Pre-Design Phase Design Phase Construction Phase Occupancy and Operations Phase 16
IES DG-29-11 Pre-Design Phase The Cx Team The Cx Plan Owner s Project Requirements (OPR) Other Pre-Design Phase Activities Design Phase Construction Phase Occupancy and Operations Phase 17
IES DG-29-11 Pre-Design Phase Design Phase Basis of Design (BOD) Project Phasing Design Criteria Other Design Phase Services Construction Phase Occupancy and Operations Phase 18
IES DG-29-11 Pre-Design Phase Design Phase Construction Phase Construction Administration & Occupancy Performance Testing Issues Log Systems Manual Occupancy and Operations Phase 19
IES DG-29-11 Pre-Design Phase Design Phase Construction Phase Occupancy and Operations Phase Ongoing Commissioning 20
Control Narratives Storage Rooms and Janitor Closets: Line-voltage wallbox occupancy sensors set for manual on, auto & manual off with time delay set to 5 minutes, and the audible and visible alert functions enabled. 21
Control Narratives Open Office: Local manual bi-level control with step dimming on all fixtures. Scheduled automatic shutoff with 2 hour manual override. Perimeter fixtures within the daylight zone shall include integral photosensor control for local one-step light level reduction of perimeter fixtures. 22
Control Narratives From the New Building Institute: Advanced Lighting Guidelines www.algonline.org 15 different room types are available 23
Control Narratives Lighting Controls Association The Lighting Controls Narrative http://lightingcontrolsassociation.org/ control-design-toolbox-the-lightingcontrols-narrative/ 24
Beneficiaries of Narratives Designer better chance to satisfy the Owner Contractor clear direction for bidding Installer less chance of making error Manufacturer speeds submittal & startup Cx Authority knows what to test Owner more likely to maintain the system User increase likelihood of acceptance Courtesy of LCA 25
Lighting Control Design Matrix Performed by Designer 26
Commissioning Specification SECTION 260800 Commissioning Of Electrical Systems And Lighting Controls 27
Spec Section 260800 Submit a floor plan or spreadsheet table checklist that indicates each local lighting control device, occupancy sensors, daylighting controls, system component. 28
Spec Section 260800 Submit the system sequence of operation fully describing the equipment components and functionality, including setpoints and alarm functions. 29
Spec Section 260800 The detailed sequence of operation shall be provided regardless of the completeness and clarity of the sequences in the controls specification and/or drawings. 30
LC Submittal Matrix Performed by LC Vendor, submitted to CxA 31
LC Installation Verification Performed by Installer, submitted to CxA 32
LC Component Test Matrix Performed by Installer, submitted to CxA 33
LC Functional Perf Test Matrix Performed by Installer & Vendor, witnessed by CxA 34
Dimming Saves Energy 100% 80% % Light Output 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % Power Input (Three brands of DALI dimming ballasts) Courtesy of LBNL 35
Perceived vs Measured Light 100 % Light Measured 85 55 25 5 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 50 25 75 % Light Perceived 92 Courtesy of IES Handbook, 9 th Edition 36
Dimming Control Protocols ANALOG Line-Voltage Phase Control Dimming 0 10VDC Dimming DIGITAL DALI Dimming & Control DMX512 Control 37
Lighting Control Systems Wired Digital DALI Digital Components Powerline Carrier Wireless Digital Mesh Network vs Star Network Micro Power Mixed Protocols 38
A Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Lighting Control Strategies Commissioned By: Daintree Networks Prepared By: Clanton & Associates, Inc Dane Sanders, PE, LEED AP Darcie Chinnis, EI, LEED AP With Contributions by: Group 14 Engineering & Energy Products Associates, LLC Courtesy of Clanton & Assoc and Daintree Networks 39
Systems Evaluated 1 Localized Control (Code compliant) 2 Relay Panel for Switching 3 Relay & Dimming Panel for Daylight 4 DALI Dimming everywhere 5 Wireless Dimming near windows (D.H.) 6 Wireless Dimming everywhere Courtesy of Clanton & Assoc and Daintree Networks 40
Relative Capital Cost Percent 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Sys 1 Sys 2 Sys 3 Sys 4 Sys 5 Sys 6 Title 24 Relay Dimmer DALI Wireless Wireless Panel Panel All Dim D.H. Dim All Dim Courtesy of Clanton & Assoc and Daintree Networks 41
Annual Energy Use KWh/sf 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Sys 1 Sys 2 Sys 3 Sys 4 Sys 5 Sys 6 Title 24 Relay Dimmer DALI Wireless Wireless Panel Panel All Dim D.H. Dim All Dim Courtesy of Clanton & Assoc and Daintree Networks 42
Relative Life Cycle Cost 120 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 Sys 1 Sys 2 Sys 3 Sys 4 Sys 5 Sys 6 Title 24 Relay Dimmer DALI Wireless Wireless Panel Panel All Dim D.H. Dim All Dim Courtesy of Clanton & Assoc and Daintree Networks 43
LA Engineering Office System: Wireless, addressable EnOcean protocol Wall Switches, Vacancy Sensors, Photosensors Stratagies Daylight harvesting, Vacancy, Multi-level Task/Ambient Lighting (each controlled separately) Occupancy sensor informs HVAC to change setpoint Demand response Personal control Energy dashboard Courtesy of The Lighting Quotient 44
Real Measured Data Title 24 Baseline 1.18 W/SF Connected Lighting Load 0.83 W/SF Lighting Controls Credit 0.66 W/SF Actual Performance Max 0.25 W/SF Courtesy of The Lighting Quotient 45
Control Narratives Required for system commissioning Must be thorough Needed for each scenario Include adaptive parameters Needed for components and system 46
Control Narratives Required for system commissioning Must be thorough Needed for each scenario Include adaptive parameters Needed for components and system Required to achieve maximum energy savings! 47
Credits Enovity, Inc. Greg Cunningham, AIA Illuminating Engineering Society Lighting Controls Association Clanton & Associates, Inc. Daintree Networks The Lighting Quotient Consulting Specifying Engineer 48
The End 49