Séance d information «Câbles dans la construction, quoi de neuf?» / Informatiesessie Kabels in de bouw, wat voor nieuws is er? CPR: EUROCLASSIFICATION & TESTS FOR CABLES ervé Breulet CPR & Cables June 2017
Cables and fire hazards Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 General Installations eat Propagation Smoke Acid gas Toxicity Fire azards Ranking (cablemakers) Installations where evacuation of personnel is important eat/smoke Propagation Toxicity Acid gas - Installations with critical equipment but no people Acid gas Propagation eat Smoke Toxicity CPR & Cables June 2017 2
CPD/CPR and cables: a long quiet river? CPD / CPR, Decision 2000/147/EC (classification of the reaction to fire performance of construction products Euroclasses) Decision 2000/147/EC includes a provision : The treatment of some families of products, e.g. linear products (pipes, ducts, cables, etc.), is still under review and may necessitate an amendment to this decision. CPR & Cables June 2017 3
Euroclasses dedicated for cables Euroclasses as described in EN 13501-1 might not be suitable for some linear products (e.g. respect of end-use conditions SBI test not adequate) Specificity of cables : materials, design, geometry Cables installations practices fire hazards and scenarios to be considered Ability of the selected test methods to discriminate European cables in terms of fire performance Industry familiar with CENELEC / IEC test methods EN 13501-6 (2014). Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 6: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests on electric cables CPR & Cables June 2017 4
Typical European cables installations Riser cables Floor distributor power cables on trays or in trunking Communication cables Lighting cables Segregated power cables Communication cables Patch cords Wall ducts Communication cables Air flow to equipment No air flow Cables densely packed Older commercial offices Public buildings Airports, shops, etc. Newer commercial offices General offices Large computer rooms SC 46C/SC 86A PTFP (PL) 22 2002/09 CPR & Cables June 2017 5
armonized cables classification Includes main classification ( Fire requirements) and additional (optional) classifications (Smoke, Flaming droplets, Acidity / corrosivity) One main test : EN 50399 (FIPEC 20 full-scale test) 2 scenarios Main classification : FS (Flame Spread burnt height), TR (Total eat Release), RR peak (Peak of eat Release Rate) and FIGRA (Fire Growth Rate) Described in decision 2006/751/EC ( Classes of reaction to fire performance for electric cables ) and EN 13501-6. FIPEC : Fire Performance of Electric Cables (European R&D Research Project)) CPR & Cables June 2017 6
Main Euroclass: A ca - F ca Increasing requirements Class Test Classification parameters method(s) A ca EN ISO 1716 PCS (MJ/kg ) B1 ca EN 50399 And FS (m) TR 1200s (MJ) - Peak RR (kw) - FIGRA (W.s -1 ) EN 60332-1-2 (mm) B2 ca C ca EN 50399 And FS (m) TR 1200s (MJ) - Peak RR (kw) - FIGRA (W.s -1 ) D ca EN 60332-1-2 (mm) E ca EN 50265-1-2 (mm) F ca Not E ca PCS : Gross heat of combustion FS: Flame spread TR: Total eat Release RR: eat Release Rate FIGRA: Fire Growth RAte : eight (burnt height) CPR & Cables June 2017 7
EN 60332-1-2 (E ca ) Main test conditions: Burner (premixed, propane) Test duration (burner) 1 kw Ø 25 mm 60 s 25 < Ø 50 mm 120 s 50 < Ø 75 mm 240 s Ø > 75 mm 480 s CPR & Cables June 2017 8
EN 50399 (B1 ca D ca ) Premixed propane flame Cables mounting Main test conditions: EN 50399 Sc. 1 EN 50399 Sc. 2 20.5 kw 30 kw Spaced Spaced Ventilation 8 m 3 /min 8 m 3 /min Backing No Yes board Cables mounting Burner layout Burner Measurements: RR (kw), TR (MJ), FIGRA (W/s) FS (m), SPR (m²/s), flaming droplets CPR & Cables June 2017 9
EN 50399 RR parameters 140 RR Peak 120 RR(30) (kw) 100 RR (kw) 80 60 40 20 FIGRA TR 1200 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Time (s) CPR & Cables June 2017 10
EN 50399 Range of performance 500 450 RR RR - eat kw 400 350 300 250 B2ca Cca Dca Eca 200 150 100 50 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Time (s) 2.00 1.80 FIPEC 20 SPR - Smoke 1.60 SPR (m²) 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 s1a s2 s3 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time (s) CPR & Cables June 2017 11
Additional classification: Smoke EN 50399 (Sc. 1 ou Sc. 2) s1 s3 classification If s1, possibly EN 61034-2 test (s1a / s1b) EN 50399 s1 TSP 1200 < 50 m² SPR peak 0.25 m²/s s1a Tmin 80 % s1b Tmin 60 % s2 TSP 1200 < 400 m² SPR peak 1.5 m²/s s3 Neither s1 nor s2 EN 50399 + EN 61034-2 CPR & Cables June 2017 12
EN 61034-2: s1a / s1b Smoke cumulative test closed chamber (27 m³) (3 m-cube) Alcohol burner Measurement of the decrease in light transmission Criterion: %Tmin CPR & Cables June 2017 13
Additional classification: flaming droplets Flaming droplets classification Class Test method(s) Classification parameters d0 No flaming droplets/particles d1 EN 50399 Sc. 1 or Sc. 2 No flaming droplets/particles > 10 s d2 Neither d0 nor d1 CPR & Cables June 2017 14
EN 60754-2: acidity Combustion at high T (> 950 C) in a furnace, under steady air flow Each combustible material (jacket, filler, insulation, tapes, ) tested individually ervé Breulet 2015.03 15 CPR & Cables June 2017 15
Additional classification: acidity p & conductivity measured for each «combustible» material Weighted p & conductivity: p ' = Σ w i log w Σ i 10 i i x c' = Σ c i i i w Σ w i i p : weighted p (cable) w i : mass of combustible material i x : p measured for combustible material i c i : conductivity measured for combustible material i Class a1 a2 a3 Conductivity < 2.5 µs/mm p > 4.3 Conductivity < 10 µs/mm p > 4.3 Neither a1 nor a2 CPR & Cables June 2017 16
Euroclasses - Cables (EN 13501-6) Class Test method(s) Classification criteria Additional classification A ca EN ISO 1716 PCS 2,0 MJ/kg (1) - B1 ca EN 50399 (5) and EN 60332-1-2 FS 1,75 m and TR 1 200s 10 MJ and Peak RR 20 kw and FIGRA 120 Ws 1 425 mm Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) B2 ca EN 50399 (5) and FS 1,5 m et TR 1 200s 5 MJ and Peak RR 30 kw and FIGRA 150 Ws 1 EN 60332-1-2 425 mm C ca EN 50399 (5) FS 2,0 m et TR 1 200s 30 MJ and and Peak RR 60 kw and FIGRA 300 Ws 1 EN 60332-1-2 425 mm D ca EN 50399 (5) TR 1 200s 70 MJ and Peak RR 400 kw and and FIGRA 1 300 Ws 1 EN 60332-1-2 425 mm E ca EN 60332-1-2 425 mm F ca Not E ca Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) Smoke production (2) (6) and flaming droplets/particles (3) and acidity (4) (8) CPR & Cables June 2017 17
Euroclasses : examples of results Cable Source : SSTC project NM/G7/38 D4 D3 P2 P5 T4 O3 T2 T3 O5 P3' P3 P9 P7 O2 P6 T1 P4 C1 P1' D2 P1 D1 W1 W2 C2 FIPEC20 RR Pk TR1200 FIGRA 5.5 0.7 37.3 10.3 3.8 96.0 7.0 2.2 21.5 4.0 2.4 18.8 6.7 3.0 22.6 9.9 3.2 129.2 19.3 4.1 33.2 7.4 4.8 19.8 10.4 5.4 125.5 19.1 7.7 18.6 22.8 7.9 33.1 26.2 10.8 41.7 23.6 11.5 28.4 18.7 12.2 92.5 41.6 13.5 86.6 36.3 201.3 13.9 45.9 25.7 68.1 26.4 7.8 19.5 42.7 25.6 67.0 70.2 38.7 93.2 64.8 45.5 142.8 149.9 51.5 193.4 514.6 94.9 3225.3 255.0 131.1 374.7 671.7 160.6 2015.3 FS 60 135 58 55 60 55 90 75 72 88 135 122 108 72 126 138 124 300 300 140 225 300 300 300 300 Class B1ca B1ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca B2ca Cca Cca Cca Dca Dca Dca Dca Dca Eca Eca Eca 3-m cube %T 0.95 0.56 0.36 0.66 0.58 0.73 0.16 0.92 0.62 0.22 0.23 0.32 0.35 0.93 0.31 0.15 0.88 0.45 0.41 0.92 0.40 0.04 0.30 0.83 0.34 CPR & Cables June 2017 FIPEC20 SPR pk TSP 1200 0.03 6.8 0.67 77 0.28 111.4 0.03 13.8 0.05 1.5 0.25 29.9 0.46 149.5 0.04 5.1 0.26 51.21 0.22 119.4 0.22 121.2 0.25 99.5 0.4 193.5 26.91 0.05 1.36 428.7 445.7 1.86 0.05 22.3 36.7 0.08 0.96 666.1 0.09 37.8 1.21 434.6 4.37 1857.4 5.37 936.9 0.18 20.2 5.05 908.4 Smoke alogen Class? s1a s2 s2 s1b N s1 N s1b s2 s1a N s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s1a N s3 s3 s1a N s1 N s3 s1a N s3 s3 s3 s1a N s3 18
A ca 183 euroclasses? B1 ca-s1, a1, d0 B1 ca-s1, a1, d1 B1 ca-s1, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1, a3, d2 E ca F ca B1 ca -s1a, a1, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a1, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1a, a3, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a1, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a2, d2 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d0 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d1 B1 ca -s1b, a3, d2 B1 ca -s2, a1, d0 B1 ca -s2,a1, d1 B1 ca -s2, a1, d2. B2 ca -s1, a1, d0 B2 ca -s1, a1, d1 B2 ca -s1, a1, d2. D ca -s3, a3, d0 D ca -s3, a3, d1 D ca -s3, a3, d2 CPR & Cables June 2017 19
EXAP EXtended APplication A cable family can include several dozens of cables each must be tested? CEMAC II design of EXAP rules: extended application of test results. Rules to extend the classification to a family upon basis of a limited number of tested cables CLC TS 50576 (2 nd edition, 2016). EXAP for Power, and OF cables (date & communication: draft) Based upon a cable (χ) parameter and safety margins CPR & Cables June 2017 20
CEMAC II Typical results: medium RR Family 8a RR 30 80 70 D ca 60 50 2 x 1.5 (1) 7 x 1.5 (1) RR 30 (kw) 40 C ca 3 x 2.5 (1) 4 x 4 (1) 4 x 16 (1) 4 x 35 (1) 30 4 x 50 (1) 3 x 185 (1) 20 B2 ca 10 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 time (s) CPR & Cables June 2017 21
CEMAC II Typical results: low SPR CPR & Cables June 2017 22
CEMAC II Typical results: high SPR Cable 11 SPR 60 4 3.5 3 2.5 1 x 1.5 (1) 1 x 4 (1) SPR 60 (m²/s) 2 s3 1 x 10 (1) 1 x 25 (1) 1 x 50 (1) 1 x 95 (1) 1.5 1 x 150 (1) 1 x 240 (1) 1 s2 0.5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 time (s) s1 CPR & Cables June 2017 23
Cemac II: EXAP cable parameter χ : single cable parameter for which a robust relationship with classification criteria could be established - for all criteria (TR, FIGRA, FS, peak RR, TSP, Peak SPR) χ = d c 2 V combust with d [mm] Outer diameter. V combust [m²] Non-metallic volume per meter ladder. c [] Number of conductors in one cable. CPR & Cables June 2017 24
EXAP: main steps 1. Select 2 (3) cables - χ min & χ max 2. Test the selected cables 3. Measure (test) max value ν max for each classification criterion 4. Determine the value to use for classification ν class as follows: ν + class = ν max ν sm ν class ν max ν sm is the value used for classification according to respective classification parameter (peak RR, TR, FIGRA, FS, peak SPR, and TSP), is the maximum, that is the worst, test results of the tests that forms the basis of the EXAP, and is the safety margin required for the particular classification parameter. 5. Determine the classification for the family CPR & Cables June 2017
Euroclasses for cables : benefits A set of methods with state of the art measurement techniques have been selected (EN 50399 FIPEC 20 tests): Ability to measure the essential fire properties, such as Flame Spread, eat release and Smoke Production; Validated against real-scales tests; Robust test methods and associated classification (but.) ; Better measurement of actual Fire and Smoke performance of cables; igher sensitivity and, hence, good discrimination of all cables (incl. high performance ones): pass/fail 5 classes ; In part based upon a widely used fire test (IEC / EN 60332-3-24 / F2). EXAP reasonable number of tests CPR & Cables June 2017 26