The Management of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Products in Austria Vienna, 3.6.2016 Christian Stiglitz, Institute of Environmental Economics, Vienna, Austria
WHAT IS EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY? Product Life Cycle Producer Responsibility Design/construction Production Distribution Utilisation End-of-life Waste treatment Reuse Recycling Extended Producer Responsibility
Source: Eurostat 2014 EEE PUT ON THE MARKET AND WEEE COLLECTED, PER CAPITA AND YEAR
AUSTRIA Capital: Vienna Area: 84,000 km² Population: 8.5 million GNP2013: 313 billion (38 K per capita) Total Waste Generation: (81million m³) Household waste (MSW): (25 million m³, 380 kg/cap.a) WEEE collected (ca. 9 kg/cap. pa) 49 million t 3.1 million t 78.000 t
WEEE ORDINANCE IN AUSTRIA (2006, last version BGBl 193/2014) Transposed EU-WEEE Ordinance into Austrian law Contains also the applicable provisions of RoHS Contains also regulations for commercial WEEE Latestversionexpandsscope, targets, international obligors
WEEE CATEGORIES Large domestic appliances(devices >50cm but no refrigerators) Coolingappliances (withorwithouthalogenatedcoolants) Monitors Small domestic appliances Lamps Batteries Built in appliances. air conditioners/heating, control& monitoring equipment, drives E-bikes EE components in furniture
OBLIGATIONS FOR MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS Join a authorized compliance scheme PRO) Marking their products with the crossed over waste bin Register as a manufacturer Providing an area-wide collection system Reporting amountsofeee puton market Reporting WEEE collected EnsuringtreatmentofWEEE accordingtothelegal standards Reports quantities put on the market to PRO per month/quarter Paystheresultingfees(per weightorper piece) topro per m/qu transferredtopro authorized by Ministry Obligationsofretailers: Take back useddeviceson a 1:1 basis(takeback oneusedsimilar devicewhena newonewas sold)
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF PRO PRO achievesauthorizationfromgovernmentiflegal requirementsarefulfilled: maintains nationwide collection organisation through contracts with municipalities, waste operators, retailers etc transparent calculation, equal treatment contracts Ministry approved prices sufficient reporting and auditing system PRO takes over all obligations from the obligated manufacturers or importers PRO informs consumers
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF PRO (cont) PRO organizes and finances the environmentally sound collection and treatment of WEEE according to its market share(compensate municipalities, waste operators and recyclers) PRO reports regularilyamountsofeee puton themarketbyits customers(quarterlyreport) amounts of WEEE collected by PRO (monthly report) to the official clearing house PRO submitstoyearlyauditbyministry
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF MUNICIPALITIES Establish WEEE collection facilities for consumer for freeofchargedropoff Ensure orderly collection and storage per category Inform consumer Hand over collected WEEE to PRO facilities or take care of legal collection directly Report to PRO and Government Authorities
WEEE FINANCING, COLLECTION AND RECYCLING Households State Authority Municipalities Retail trade Collection Sites of PRO Treatment / Recycling Recovery Organisation (PRO) Material Flow Financing Reporting
COLLECTION RATE IN PERCENT OF THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF EEE Source: Eurostat 2014
WEEE MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRIA 4 competitive compliance systems(pro) active(3 profit oriented), total revenue p.a. approx. 16 Mio, 2.000 clients Collection throughmunicipalities, retailchains, stores, producers, waste operators WEEE volumescollectedin 2015: 78.000t, EEE puton the market in 2015: ca. 179.000t Ca9 kg WEEE collectedper capita/year Ca100 companies or30% ofvolumeauditedin 2015 (more details see http://www.eakaustria.at/presse/tb/taetigkeitsbericht_2014.pdf)
MARKETSHARES of PROs Licensed Volumes Revenues Source: ERA 2016
FINANCIAL IMPACT IN AUSTRIA Total Collection andrecycling quantityp.a. t 78.000 Total industry payments ca p.a 16-18 Mio Impact on EEE(per unit): Medium size Washing machine( 8-35 kg) 0,16 Medium size refrigerator 6,00 Medium sizetv (25 kg) 0,19 per kg 4,75 Mobile phone(200g) 0,036 per kg 0,072 Source: ERA, Austria
BENEFITS FROM THE WEEE REGIME IN AUSTRIA Before2005: WEEE Treated as shredding material like cars Little recovery of non ferrous components No recycling of WEEE plastics Since implementation of WEEE regulation: Better resource recovery Development ofa smallbut vital andhighlyspecializedweee recycling industry(>20 new plants, approx. 200 new jobs) Increased industry support for recycling projects Growth of organized reuse efforts Source: ERA, Austria
MAP OF THE 100 REGIONAL COLLECTION SITES 2117 Municipial collection sites 100 regional collection sites Source: ERA, Austria, et.al
TREATMENT AND RECYCLING Collection Treatment Recycling /Marketing Seperated Collection for 5 WEEE and 1 BAT category Removing hazadous substances e.g. Batteries Coolants Oils Generating marketable material Marketable material: Metals Glass Increasinglyimportant: Plastics Source: ERA, Austria, et.al
WEEE AN IMPORTANT BUT LIMITED RESOURCE ScrapMetal recoveredin Austria 1.6 Miot/a Non Ferrous; 250.000 Used cars; 80.000 Plastics; 13.000 Glass; 12.000 EAG 80.000 Non ferrous 6.500 Rest; 12.500 Ferrous; 36.000 Ferrous; 1.200.000 Source: ERA, Autria, BAWP 2011, Arge Shredder, EEAK
TREATMENT ANDRECYCLINGOFLARGE DOMESTIC APPLIANCES Collected material 1. Removing potentially hazardous parts(capacitors) 2. Shredding 3. Separation offerrousandnon ferrous metals as well as plastics and glass Shredder Source: ERA, Austria, et.al Seperated Electric motors
TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF COOLING APPLIANCES 1. Removing coolants by suction cleaning 2. Removing the compressor 3. ShreddingandremovingCFC from the insulating foam KG Behandlung 1. Stufe (Absaugen des FCKW) 4. Separation offerrousandnon ferrous metals, plastics, glass PU Granulat Bindemittel ÖkoPur Source: ERA, Austria, et.al Kompressoren
TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF MONITORS 1. Manual dismantling 2. Separation of lead containing glass (hazardouswaste) Seperating lead containing glass from screen glass 3. Seperationofcircuitboards, deflector coils, plastics Deflector units Source: ERA, Austria, et.al Lcircuit boards
TREATMENT AND RECYCLING OF SDA Aluminiumfraktion nach Nichteisenabscheider 1. Cracking(not shredding) 2. Handpicking of hazardous materierials(e.g. batteries) and preciousparts(circuitboards, cables) 3. Shredding 4. Automated separation of ferrous andnon ferrousmetals, plastic, circuit boards.. Vorzerkleinerte aufgeschlossene Frakton Source: ERA, Austria, et.al Aluminiumfraktion verkugelt Kupferfraktion verkugelt
TREATMENT ANDRECYCLINGOFGAS DISCHARGE LAMPS Leuchtstoffröhren / Aufgabe Filterstaub / Leuchtmittel 1. Removingthecapsoftheneon tubes(aluminium) 2. Suctioncleaningofthetube removing the luminiscent powder 3. Shredding Osram ownsa processtoregain yttrium from luminiscent powder Hochwertige Glasfraktion Endkappen (Aluminium) Source: ERA, Austria, et.al
SOME PENDING ISSUES handover from collection agents to systems not mandatory (depends on material market prices) EU definitions difficult to apply(dual usage etc) Illegal export shipments(documentation of working order) Amount of reuse difficult to define Weight change issue(weight of new equipment is lower (payment base), weight of old equipment is higher(cost base) Collection od LithiumIon batteries Impact of Circular Economy concept? Source: ERA, Austria, et.al