NSB 2014 10th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics Retrofitting of Buildings I 16 June 2014 Holistic retrofit and follow-up through monitoring: Case Virkakatu, Oulu, Finland Simon le Roux, Yrsa Cronhjort Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture, Chair of Wood Construction
Holistic retrofit and follow-up through monitoring
Industrialised energy efficient retrofitting of residential buildings in cold climates Oulu Demonstration of Energy Efficiency through Retrofitting of Buildings Coordinator: NCC AB, Sweden 2011-2014 London Roosendaal Halmstad www.e2rebuild.eu/ Voiron Augsburg Munich
15.6.2014 E2ReBuild 7 demonstrations
Oulu N65 E25 NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Virkakatu 8, Oulu, Finland Refurbishment of student family apartments by PSOAS Student Housing Foundation of Northern Finland
Case study in context E2ReBuild site work August 2012 March Service building site work June December NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Case study in in context E2ReBuild site work August 2012 March PSOAS site work June December Service building site work June December Yard site work June May 2014 PSOAS site work June May 2014 PSOAS site work June April 2014 PSOAS site work June May 2014 NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Scope of Oulu retrofit demonstration ENVELOPE SERVICES INTERIOR Ground fill and slab Heat recovery ventilation Enclosed balconies TES-facade Building automation Facade shading Windows New radiators Bathrooms Roof New utility connections Kitchens Site drainage High speed internet Saunas Ground frost insulation Improve air tightness New tenants NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Case Virkakatu energy sheet Building fabric requirements 1985 Existing building 2010 New Build regulation Design proposal 2012 As-Built design Façade/wall U W / m2k 0,28 0,17 0,14 0,11 Roof U W / m2k 0,22 0,09 0,07 0,08 Ground floor U W / m2k 0,36 0,16 0,16 0,15 / 0,11 Windows U av W / m2k 2,1 1 0,8 0,8 Airtightness n50 q50 l/h m3/h*m2 3,3 3,1 0,6 (Passive) 0,8 1,2 *The refurbishment aimed for passive house level of energy efficiency according to the local proposal by VTT. NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
BES BES open system of prefabricated concrete elements developed in Finland in 1960 s
Partial demolition NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Before: 2012 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
Design: 2012 Architects m3
Site: 2012 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski Site: 2012 20.3. Architects m3 16
Completion: 1.3. Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
Monitoring - 2014 Photo: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
Interior Photos: Jaakko Kallio-Koski
TES Energy Façade NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Installation of TES elements 1 2 3 4 5 Drawing: Arkkitehdit m3 Oy NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Retrofit facade: TES (Oulu) U=0,11 30cm NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
Retrofit facade: TES (Oulu) U=0,11 7 mm fibre cement cladding 44 mm air gap 22x100 mm timber battens 9 mm gypsum wind barrier 250 mm insulation (0,033 W/mK) 42x48 mm timber battens 42x198 mm pine load bearing frame 9 mm plywood 50 mm adjustment insulation NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
illustration: Arkkitehdit m3 Oy - New roof - External shading - New balconies -TES-elements - New ground slab - Foundations for TESelements
Partial demolition
Airtightness repairs
Facade elements
Assembly 15.6.2014 Simon le Roux, Aalto University, Finland 29
Assembly 15.6.2014 Simon le Roux, Aalto University, Finland 30
Roof replacement Photo: Keijo Rasmus
Monitoring Purchaced energy Space heating Domestic hot water Building electricity Household electricity Indoor temperature, RH and CO 2 Outdoor temperature and RH Airtightness Thermal imaging Ventilation rates Building envelope performance
15.6.2014 33
Combined monthly totals [kwh] -2014 Measured parameter Facility equipment: pumps for DHW and space heating (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell Lighting (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell HRMV fans (IDA-ICE simulation) Stairwell HRMV electrical air heating (estimate) Monitored district space heating Monitored Tenants total DHW Submeter: Tenant HRMV (fans and electrical air heating) Monitored Tenant appliances and bathroom underfloor heating District heat loss (estimated ~25% ) April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2014 Feb. 2014 March 2014 YEAR TOTAL 122 127 122 127 127 122 127 122 127 127 114 127 1489 177 183 177 183 183 177 183 177 183 183 165 183 2152 40 42 41 42 42 40 41 40 41 41 37 41 489 218 100 87 99 104 110 136 176 211 293 188 177 1900 3140 1120 40 30 0 860 2230 3110 4040 6170 4090 4140 28970 974 817 718 830 733 792 835 670 533 559 509 542 8515 497 229 199 226 237 251 311 399 481 666 427 402 4325 2484 1670 1346 1749 1782 1877 2148 2305 2326 1777 1429 1406 22299-1043 -491-192 -218-186 -419-777 -958-1159 -1705-1166 -1187-9500
Energy comparison [kwh/m 2 /a Gross Floor Area] PARAMETER BEFORE DESIGN PHASE MONITORED 2014 Space heating Domestic Hot Water Heat loss in heating transfer 42m pipes Total District Heat Building electricity Residents heat recovery ventilation Residents lighting and appliance electricity Residents bathroom electrical floor heating Certificate 2012 81,4 kwh / (m 2 a) Certificate 2012 19,3 kwh/m 2 /a Default assumption* 22 kwh/m 2 /a Certificate 2012 122,7 kwh/m 2 /a Average 16 kwh/m 2 /a (exhaust ventilation only) (Not known) None Dynamic Simulation 26 kwh/m 2 /a Default assumption* 37 kwh/m 2 /a Calculation 12 kwh/m 2 /a Dynamic Simulation 75 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 5 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 6 kwh/m 2 /a Measured 36,6 kwh/m 2 /a Measured 10,8 kwh/m 2 /a Excluded from monitoring Measured 47,4 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 2014 7,6 kwh/m 2 /a Apartment Submeter 5,5 kwh/m 2 /a Simulated 15 kwh/m 2 /a Apartment Meter Simulated 22,7 kwh/m 2 /a 9-12 kwh/m 2 /a * Default assumptions given for domestic hot water and heat loss in Finnish regulations (RakMK D3)
Case Virkakatu: heat demand [kwh/m 2 /month, Gross Floor Area] 25 kwh/m2 20 kwh/m2 15 kwh/m2 Space heat, ventilation air heat, domestic hot water, and estimated district heat transfer loss 10 kwh/m2 5 kwh/m2 9,7 10,5 7,0 3,3 2,8 5,1 6,4 7,7 11,3 7,7 7,8 1,4 1,6 1,4 0 kwh/m2 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Total purchaced property DH (2004-2012 average) Demo building simulated heat demand (IDA-ICE) Demo building monitored total heat demand Demo building monitored space heating Dec. Jan. 2014 Feb. 2014 March 2014
Case Virkakatu Annual energy demand -2014 Monitored Building space heating Monitored Tenants Domestic Hot Water included in Rent Household electricity subtotal - appliances and floor heating included in Tenant electricity bill 27% 7% 44% Tenant ventilation electricity submeter (fans and air heating) Stairwell lighting electricity (simulation) Stairwell ventilation fans (simulation) 13% Stairwell ventilation electrical heat (estimate) Property equipment electricity: pumps for water and space heating (simulation) NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 Monitored tenants energy, building heating, domestic hot water, and property electricity [kwh per month] 0 Subtotal: Tenant appliances and bathroom underfloor heating Submeter: Tenant HRMV (fans and electrical air heating) Monitored Tenants total DHW Monitored district space heating Stairwell HRMV electrical air heating (estimate) Stairwell HRMV fans (simulation) Stairwell Lighting (IDA-ICE simulation) -2000 April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2014 Feb. 2014 March 2014 Facility equipment: pumps for DHW and space heating (IDA-ICE simulation) District heat transfer loss (estimated ~25% )
4500 4000 3500 Apartment energy monitoring: Domestic hot water, Ventilation, Household electricity Domestic Hot Water (kwh) Mechanical Ventilation (kwh) Domestic Appliances and lighting (kwh) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2014 Feb. 2014 March 2014 April 2014 May 2014
500 450 400 Monthly monitored domestic energy use [kwh/apartment] -2014 Household Appliances (Elec) Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation (MHRV) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW Elec MHRV DHW March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2014 Feb. 2014 March 2014 April 2014 May 2014
Conclusions The aim for the refurbishment was passive house level of energy efficiency according to local suggestion by VTT. Comprehensive monitoring was used to verify energy results, performance of timber structures and interior air quality. Monitoring has proved a useful means to follow energy use and secure the functionality of building service systems. The first two months showed unreliable measures for the monitoring of hot water, but since then results have stabilized. The average water usage is less than assumed in regulations. The monitoring scheme has been an efficient approach to verify results of ambitious refurbishment project. NSB2014, Retrofitting of Buildings I, Simon le Roux, 16.6.2014
more about case Virkakatu at NSB2014: Wednesday 18th of June 2014, Konsertsalen, AF Borgen 10:30 12:00 Retrofitting of Buildings II Hygrothermal Performance of TES Energy Façade at two European residential building demonstrations Comparison between Field Measurements and Simulations Carl-Magnus Capener, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (paper 155)
Thank You! Simon le Roux Senior Project Researcher, Architect SAFA simon.le.roux@aalto.fi Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture, Chair of Wood Construction