MDGs AFRICA SDGs Recent progress on the Millennium Development Goals and Dual Transition to the SDGs and Agenda 2063 in Africa Wednesday, 18 May 2016 Bartholomew Armah Chief, Renewal of Planning Section Macroeconomic Policy Division United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
MDG 1 ~ 8 AFRICAN PROGRESS SUMMARY Africa s performance on the MDGs was particularly striking: primary school enrolment; women's representation in parliament; HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria; and maternal and child deaths. However Africa did not meet most of the MDGs targets. GOALS SCORE DESCRIPTION low middle high Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Africa has reduced extreme poverty and hunger. West, East, Central and Southern Africa by 14 percentage points over period 1990-2012 despite low initial conditions. 70% of countries have achieved are on track to achieve universal primary schooling but drop-out rates and quality a challenge in Africa excluding the North Gender parity in primary enrolment and representation in national parliaments have moderately improved but women's share of paid employment is still low. 54% reduction in under-five mortality has almost been achieved. Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development 45% reduction in maternal mortality and further improved access to reproductive health, which still remains challenge in WECS Africa. Africa excluding the North has made excellent progress on HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB while modest progress observed in Northern Africa. Northern Africa has made outstanding progress on the issue of sanitation and slumdwellers. However, limited progress observed in rest of Africa. Tremendous performance has been recorded in ICT. 2
DUAL TRANSITION 2030 AGENDA & AGENDA 2063 An integrated approach is expected not just to maximize the synergies but also to minimize the coordination challenges associated with implementing both agendas. TWO DEVELOPMENT AGENDAS FOR AFRICA Agenda 2063 In January, 2015, the AU Heads of State and Governments adopted Agenda 2063 with 7 aspirations, 20 Goals and 34 priority areas. 2030 Agenda In September of the same year they also signed on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with 17 Goals, 169 targets and 230 indicators. Agenda 2063 Structural Transformation 2030 Agenda The two landmark events signal a two-pronged transition A global level transition from the MDGs to the 2030 Agenda for the world and a continent level transition to agenda 2063, a framework that consolidates new and existing regional initiatives such as NEPAD into a forward looking transformational framework for Africa. An effective implementation of both agendas requires advocacy and sensitization about the details of both frameworks to ensure awareness about their mutual relevance to national development and the relationship and synergies across the agendas. 15
What is Agenda 2063? Agenda 2063, is a long term development framework (50 year) that aims to materialize Africa s vision of: an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in the world It is divided into 5 Ten Year implementation periods. The First Ten Year Implementation Plan (FTYIP)covers the period 2014-2023 Comprises 7 aspirations, 20 Goals 172 national targets and over 200 indicators
Aspirations of 2063 Agenda 2063 1 A Prosperous Africa based on inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development: 2 An integrated continent, politically united, based on the ideals of Pan Africanism and the vision of Africa s Renaissance 3 An Africa of good governance, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law 4 A peaceful and secure Africa 5 An Africa with a strong cultural identity, common heritage, values and ethics 6 An Africa whose development is people-driven, relying on the potential of African people, especially its women and youth, and caring for children 7 Africa as a strong, united, resilient and influential global player and partner
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Adopted by the UNGA in September 2015 Universal comprehensive Underpinned by the 3 dimensions of sustainable development Supported by a means of implementation Addis Ababa Action Agenda Goal specific MoI
The 3 Dimensions of Sustainability
DUAL TRANSITION ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Going forward, Agenda 2030 and 2063 will offer a unique opportunity for Africa's sustainable structural transformation However, it requires the four transitioning processes as follows. I Sensitization and awareness raising about informed both agendas IV Follow-up and review informed by integrated results framework Transitioning from the MDGs to Agenda 2030/2063 II Integrating both in planning frameworks III Implementation 16
Key Issues How do countries integrate both the global (Agenda 2030) and continental (Agenda 2063) agendas in their national plans How can country capacities for evidencebased policymaking be strengthened? How can countries effectively track and evaluate progress on both Agendas?
How the Agendas relate Agenda 2030 Agenda 2063 Goals 17 20 Targets 169 172 Indicators 230+ 200+
Relationship between Agendas 2030 and 2063 SGDs Agenda 2063 Areas of overlap
Areas of Highest Overlap SDG Goal % of matching SDG Targets Goal Description Goal 2 100 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Goal 5 100 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 7 100 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Goal 16 90 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Areas of Low Overlap SDG Goal % of matching SDG Targets Goal Description Goal 14 29 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Goal 15 30 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Goal 13 33 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Goal 10 43 Reduce inequality among and within countries
Goal 15: A fully functional African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Priority Area (1) 2023 Target Corresponding SDG target 1. National standby n/a contingent of the ASF ready in all operational aspects Operationalization of APSA Pillars 2. National Peace Council is established by 2016 3. Full compliance to funding Africa s peace and security institutions obligations n/a n/a
Goal 16: Africa Cultural Renaissance is pre-eminent Priority Area (1) 2023 Target SDG Target 1. At least 60% of content in educational curriculum is on indigenous African culture, values and language targeting primary and secondary schools Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism By 2030 ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including among others through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship, and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture s contribution to sustainable development (4.7) 2. An Agency for Diaspora Affairs/ Relations is in place and will be facilitating the Diaspora contributions to development 3. Dual Citizenship granted to the Diaspora By 2030, reduce to less than 3% the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5% (10C) By 2030 provide legal identity for all including birth registration (16.9)
Integrating Agenda 2063 and Agenda 2030 in national plans Issues Ensuring effective sensitization about the two agendas Developing a framework that illustrates the synergies between the two agendas Agenda 2030 and 2063 enjoy 90 percent convergence at the level of goals Convergence at the level of targets is around 69 percent Developing a methodology that guides systematic integration of both agendas in national plans Developing appropriate institutional arrangements, capacities and technologies for implementation
Strengthening evidence-based policymaking Can economic, social and environmental sustainability be achieved simultaneously, or sequentially? Botswana has adopted an incremental approach that starts with focusing on low hanging fruits that are affordable and achievable and then moving on to more complex interventions. What are the trade-offs associated with this policy objective? For example the economic benefits of increased oil production must be weighed against possible negative environmental and social costs. How do policymakers walk the tightrope of sustainable development? Which goals or targets have the greatest knock-on effects on other goals; what are the strategic entry points?
Strengthening Institutional arrangements for effective implementation What is the most appropriate institutional architecture to facilitate effective implementation of the two agendas? How do one ensure integrated implementation or avoid a silo approach to implementation?
AFRICAN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES BOTSWANA: NDP (10) April 2009 March 2016 Botswana's integration process of SDGs into their national plans focus on the three Phases (2017-2023; 2024-2029; and 2030~) that will be underpinned by new institutional mechanisms. NDP 11: 2017-2023 NDP 12: 2024-2029 NDP 13: 2030 ~ Reorienting and transitioning the country s major development policies and frameworks to a sustainable development pathway Setting specific targets for stakeholders including the private sector and putting in place the required regulatory frameworks and incentives to guide implementation Broadening the scope of sustainable development interventions beyond those covered by the previous phases and develop policy instruments to address new and emerging issues New institutional architecture for SDG Implementation Sustainable Development Champions at national level Sustainable Development Secretariat Sustainable Development Council Sustainable Development Champions at district level These mechanisms will operate for the first two medium term planning cycles (NDP11 &12), while being incrementally institutionalised into existing development structures 19
AFRICAN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES RWANDA Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2013-2018 Rwanda s strategy for integrating the SDGs into their national planning frameworks focuses on three implementation processes supported by effective institutional arrangements as follows. Dec 2015 Mar 2016 Apr 2016 May 2016 Gap analysis: Undertake an in-depth analysis of the extent to which the existing National Planning Framework covers the SDGs Integration and adaptation of SDGs indicators missing in existing national Planning documents Apr 2016 Jun 2016 Full integration of SDGs into National Planning framework to be undertaken during the elaboration of the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 3 and the Post 2020 Vision Institutional Arrangements for SDG Implementation Role Organ Functions Role Organ Functions Oversight and Accountability Senate and Parliament Oversight of the progress, endorsing plans and budgets National Technical Coordination MINECOFIN Integrating SDGs in plans and budgets, M&E progress Strategic Orientation Cabinet Approval of financing and implementation plans Sector Coordination Ministerial Clusters Addressing Cross Sectoral issues Strategic Monitoring Leadership Retreat Annual Monitoring and Accountability Technical Consultations Sector Working Groups Forum for engaging all stakeholders, monitoring sector Technical Advisor DPCG Technical Advice and support to implementation Districts coordination District Councils, Forum for engaging all stakeholders, etc. monitoring District level 20
AFRICAN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES ETHIOPIA Growth and Transformation Plan II In Ethiopia, the process of integrating SDGs into national plan has been done in two phases: 1) integrating CRGE indicators and targets into sectoral plans and 2) mainstreaming SDGs into sectoral plans and national plan. The first phase involves integration of climate resilient green economy (CRGE) indicators and targets into sectoral plans. Integration process of CRGE MEFCC Sectoral Plan 1 CRGE Sectoral Plan 2 Integration Process Sectoral Plan 3 Next, the process of integrating CRGE in sectoral plans is coordinated by the newly established Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MEFCC) and the CRGE Facility. MEFCC prepares integration guidelines which are then endorsed by the CRGE Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee, for the respective sectors. Sectoral plans are subsequently reviewed and appraised by MEFCC, the CRGE Facility and the National Planning Commission (NPC) to ensure alignment with CRGE and Ethiopia s second growth and transformation plan (GTP-II) (2015-2019). 21
AFRICAN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES AFRICAN COUNTRY EXPERIENCES FOR THE TRANSITION Several African countries are already taking steps towards transitioning from the MDGs to the SDGs and Agenda 2063 with a different stages of the process of integrating both the agendas in their national development planning frameworks. COUNTRY Cote d Ivoire DESCRIPTION Cote d Ivoire s National Development Plan (NDP) 2012-2015 will be succeeded by a new national development plan for the period 2016-2020 which is based on its long term vision 2040. It incorporates both agenda 2063 and SDG in the planning process and consists of five strategic pillars to achieve the SDGs. Cameroon Cameroon is developing its strategy through the Ministry of Environment, Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development. A steering committee has been established by the government to give direction and guidance, the steering committee drawn from different backgrounds environmentalists, economists, sociologists, jurists, etc. which helped identify major pillars of the strategy. DRC The new national strategic development plan which is championed by the President of the Republic seeks to achieve sustainable development of DRC by 2030 by mainstreaming sustainable development in all public policies. To this end, specific and quantifiable objectives are set for each of the Ministries to ensure effective follow-up. Kenya Kenya has a devolved system of government with many of the functions related to social and economic rights falling within the jurisdiction of sub-national governments. These entities also have 5-year development plans which are supposed to be aligned with the national medium term plan and the long term development plan. 22
The image part with relationship ID rid3 was not found in the file. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS TRANSFORMING OUR AFRICA! Successful Transition Challenge & Opportunity The adoption of Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063 by African countries poses both a challenge and an opportunity: The challenge lies in the difficulties in integrating two comprehensive agendas in planning frameworks in a balanced way. The opportunity lies in the fact that there is substantial convergence between the two frameworks. This can promote policy coherence, minimize duplication and the reporting burden on policymakers and also orients development partners towards supporting one coherent set of development priorities. Successful transition will however require: 1) Clarity about the relationship between the global and continental agendas 2) Integrated and coordinated institutional arrangements for implementation 3) Strengthened capacities for data collection and analysis 4) a monitoring and evaluation system that is horizontally (sectoral) and vertically (national versus sub-national) integrated. 5) The institutional frameworks currently in place in countries such as Ethiopia and Rwanda provide lessons for other African countries. 19
Transforming our Africa! barmah@uneca.org 24
Integration Tools
Integration Tools Targets Does the national development plan of your country: 1.1 Explicitly include extreme poverty eradication for all people everywhere currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day? Indicators 1.1.1. Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural) 1=Yes 2= No If yes, describe type of indicators or proxies included Indicators!1 If no, provide why indicators or proxies are not included