Plug Loads: Challenges and Opportunities Michael J. Klopfer, PhD California Plug Load Research Center California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology April 11 th 2017 - Workshop #11 www.calplug.org
Why investigate plug loads? What are the contributors to this other category, and how can this issue be addressed? How is the distribution of plugloads changing? What are plug loads becoming more of a problem? Data Source: RECS (2009)
Major Efforts at CalPlug Sim Home and Energy Channel (CalPlug/SCE) Power Management User Interface [PUMI] (CalPlug/CEC) Hosting EEDAL 2017 at UC Irvine Technology Roadmap (CalPlug/SCE) Tier 2 APS Qualified Product List (CalPlug/PG&E) Development and Demonstration Projects
Technology Roadmap
Technology Roadmap: Major Focuses Three major focus points of focus: ZNE and Residential / Commercial Energy Usage Model and projection variability and points of study IoT Technology, smart homes, and cloud computing
Plug Loads in a ZNE Context Figure Source: US DOE / EIA Energy Outlook, 2016 California action plan (2015-2020) framework for residential ZNE: Estimated Builds. Image Source: CEC
Model and Projection Variations Figure Source: Energy Solutions, 2014
Model and Projection Variations Residential Load/End-Use Primary 2020 Energy Consumption (TBtu) Undefined MELs 3,290 Set-top box 448 Televisions 442 Cooking 350 Ceiling fans 317 Pool pumps and pool pump heaters 223 Boiler circulation pumps 173 Furnace fans 171 Microwave 166 Spas 122 Dehumidifier 100 Desktop PC 99 Laptop 95 Monitors 56 Coffee maker 50 Network equipment 48 Non-PC rechargeable electronics 46 Home theater/audio 39 DVD 30 Security systems 24 Video game consoles 21 MELs Total Electricity Use 6,310 Figure Source: Phelan, P. BTO Emerging Tech. DOE, 2016
Model and Projection Variations Residential MELs Televisions Set-top boxes Home theater/audio Video game consoles DVD Players Desktop PCs Laptops PCs Monitors Network equipment Non-PC rechargeable electronics Microwaves Cookstoves Coffee makers Dehumidifiers Ceiling fans Furnace fans Circulation pumps Pool pumps & electric pool pump heaters Security systems Spas DOE Standard in Effect DOE Standard in Development ENERGY STAR Covered Figure Source: Phelan, P. BTO Emerging Tech. DOE, 2016
Model and Projection Variations Commercial MELs PC office equipment Non-PC office equipment Video displays Large video boards Medical imaging Security system Cooking equipment Coffee brewers Kitchen ventilation Water services Dry-type distribution transformers Elevators Escalators Laundry Fume hoods Laboratory refrigerators and freezers DOE Standard in Effect DOE Standard in Development ENERGY STAR Covered Figure Source: Phelan, P. BTO Emerging Tech. DOE, 2016
Model and Projection Variations Figure Source: EIA, 2013
Model and Projection Variations The Cloud for IoT Enabling and Data Storage/Processing Figure Source: EIA, 2013
IoT and the Cloud Figure Source: Energy Solutions, 2014
IoT and the Cloud
IoT and the Cloud Energy required for cloud-based processing and transfer operations. Figure Source: Green Cloud / GreenTouch
The IoT in Consumer Electronics Residential IoT: Convenience/Security, Energy Savings or fun?
Advanced Power Strips Entertainment Tier 2 Home Entertainment 60% Home Office 30% Figure Source: ET14SDG8021, 2015
Manufacturer Roadmap Manufacturers Neutral 3rd Parties STEP Volume I II III IV 0-1 1-10 10-1000 1000 1M From ideas to Prototypes Live tests and Simulations Pilot study and Field Test Promotion and Scale-up Utilities 18
Advanced Power Strips Entertainment Tier 2 External Values (Secondary Research) Modification Factors CalPlug Supplementary Research (Primary Research) Mathematical Model Savings Calculation and Scaling Estimated yearly savings value and additional contributory considerations Summary of model capabilities and evaluation results Independent Direct Device Evaluation Confirmation and presentation of device operational logic, sensor, and actuator capabilities Evaluation Report QPL White Paper Evaluation Sample
Tier 2 APS Qualified Product List Standardized evaluation metrics to assess tested devices Evaluation of device feature set & estimated savings potential Expedited evaluation process based on device features Repository for Tier 2 APS educational materials List and information posted on a public accessible website
Shared Environment Plug Load Control Proper HVAC and lighting controls? Using natural light? Task lighting? Under desk heater? Projector and document camera on during breaks? Proper PC power management? Printers and small network equipment? Student Plug Loads? Classroom pets? The overlooked teacher s computer
Control of Projectors in Classrooms
Plug Load Analytics: SmartMon Use Plug Load energy usage signatures to infer technology usage Improve quality of feedback from pilot site installations Easy to use and portable
Point of use Water Dispensers Where can savings come from with point of use hot and cold water dispensers?
Commitment to training the leaders of tomorrow Projector Buddy Coffee Buddy/Water Cooler Buddy SmartMon Energy/Usage Analytics Distributed Energy Control
Thank You
Questions?