ECE 5900/6900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design 1 Lecture 1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks and Sensors
ECE 4900/5900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design 2 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT)
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors Smart Cars 3
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors Smart Homes 4
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors Bio-engineering and Bio-medical Monitoring 5 Ref: STMicroelectronics
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors UAVs 6
7 EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Habitat and Ecosystem Monitoring Seismic Monitoring Civil Structural Health Monitoring Monitoring Groundwater Contamination Rapid Emergency Response Industrial Process Monitoring Perimeter Security and Surveillance Automated Building Climate Control Body Area Network
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design Coming Age of Sensors Wireless Sensor Networks in Daily Life 8 Application Measure micro-climates on farms Monitor traffic on roads Benefit Increase crop yield per square km Avoid traffic jams, accidents, and construction zones, Alert 911 responders (police, fire, ambulance) Electrical/gas/water metering Detect human presence in homes and offices Optimize distribution and increase efficiency Reduce power consumption in HVAC and lighting
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks MicroClimates on Farms (measure wind speeds, temperature, humidity, soil moisture, ph content, crop height) 9
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Monitor Traffic on Roads (measure number of vehicles, speed, logistics, road studies, warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions, accidents or traffic jams) 10
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Autonomous Driving (Self-driving vehicles) 11
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Structural Health Monitoring (measure vibration, acceleration, and stress to predict failure, i.e. Condition Based Maintenance) 12
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Military and Defense 13
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Smart Homes and Offices (measure power usage, light usage, human presence, monitor heat and ac) Home automation: https://youtu.be/aqbkrrru2co 14
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Bio-medical monitoring and assistance 15
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Bio-medical monitoring by wearable sensors 16
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Body Nets 17
Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) 18
Wireless Sensor Networks Self-management and Gateway node 19 Ref: B+B SmartWorx
Wireless Sensor Networks Star-Mesh Network (two or more sensor nodes are connected to router which in turn is connected to other routers) Router or Repeater Wireless Sensor Node 20 Star-Mesh Network Topology
Wireless Sensor Networks Smart-Mesh IP (sensor nodes can also act as routers; decentralization) 21 Smart-Mesh IP by Linear Technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Wireless Sensor Networks Example Systems 22 Wzzard Intelligent Sensing Platform by B&B Electronics Wireless Sensor Network kit by Analog Devices Wireless Sensor Network kit by National Instruments DC9000B SmartMesh IP Starter Kit by Linear Technology Wireless Sensor Networks Professional kit by AdvanticSys
Wireless Sensor Node Example of a Wireless Sensor Node: Radiation Sensor Board by Libelium 23 Radiation Sensor Board + Arduino
Wireless Sensor Node What's inside a Wireless Sensor Node? 24
Sensor System Sensor and Data Acquision System 25 Fig. 1.3 (Fraden): Positions of sensors in a data acquisition system. Sensor 1 is non-contact, sensors 2 and 3 are passive, sensor 4 is active, and sensor 5 is internal to a data acquisition system
Sensor Basics Q: What is a Sensor? A: Sensor (or Sensor System) is a device that converts the physical phenomenon into an electrical signal (voltage or current). It contains transducer and other electronic components. Q: What is a Transducer? A: Tranducer is a device that converts one type of energy into another type of energy and they are part of Sensors. 26
27 Types of Sensors Acoustic Automotive/Transportation Chemical Electromagnetic Enviornmental Optical Pressure and Force Position, Speed, Inertial Proximity and Flow Radiation Thermal Bio-medical
Acoustic Types of Sensors 28 Geophone: convert seismic wave into voltage Hydrophone: listen to underwater sounds Guitar pickup Microphone
Types of Sensors Automotive/Transportation Air fuel ratio meter Blind spot monitor Crankshaft position sensor Defect detector: detect axle and signal problems in passing trains ECT sensor: measure the engine temperature MAF Sensor Hall effect sensor: measure the speed of wheels and shafts Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF): measure the mass of air entering the engine for centeral computer Oxygen sensor (O2 sensors): monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust Radar gun: detect the speeding Speedometer: measure the instantaneous speed of a vehicle Throttle position sensor: monitor the position of the throttle in an internal combustion engine Tire-pressure monitoring sensor: monitor the air pressure inside the tires 29
Types of Sensors Chemical Breathalyzer Carbon dioxide sensor and Carbon monoxide detector Fluorescent chloride sensors Hydrocarbon dew point analyzer Hydrogen sensor Hydrogen sulfide sensor Infrared point sensor Nitrogen oxide sensor Olfactometer Oxygen sensor Ozone monitor Pellistor ph glass electrode Smoke detector Zinc oxide nanorod sensor Smoke Detector NoX(nitrogen oxide) Detector 30
Types of Sensors Electromagnetic Current sensor 31 Daly detector Electroscope Multimeter Multimeter Hall effect sensor Magnetometer Radio direction finder Voltage detector Hall Effect Sensor Marine Magnetometer
Environmental Dew detector Types of Sensors 32 Electrochemical gas sensor Gas detector Temperature and Humidity Sensor Rain gauge/sensor Hygrometer Leaf sensor Rain gauge/sensor Seismometer Temperature sensor Humidity sensor Soil moisture sensor MEMS Seismometer
Types of Sensors Optical Charge-coupled device (CCD) (convert optical image into charge) 33 Electro-optical sensor Flame detector CCD Infra-red sensor Photodiode (convert light into current) Infra-red sensor and thermal imaging Photoelectric sensor Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Photodiode
Types of Sensors Pressure and Force Barometer (measure pressure) 34 Ionization gauge Pirani gauge Pressure sensor Tactile sensor (contact based environmental response to current or voltage) Electronic Barometer Avionic Altimeter (Barometer) Hydrometer Force Sensor Touch Screen and Robotic Arm (Tactile Sensor) Strain gauge (change in strain produces change in resistance) Torque sensor (rotational force into voltage) Torque Sensors
Types of Sensors Position, Speed and Inertial LIDAR (light detection and ranging to determine distance using Laser for remote sensing) 35 Odometer (measure speed) Accelerometer (Measure acceleration and obtain angle) Car Odometer Atmospheric LIDAR Research at Utah State University Gyroscope (measure angular rate) Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Inertial Navigation System in Cars and Ships
Types of Sensors Proximity and Flow Doppler radar (measure speed based on Doppler effect) Motion detector Proximity sensor (measure distance based on laser deflection) Stud detector (change in density relates to change in capacitance) Police Doppler Radar Gun Laser Proximity Sensor Anemometer (measure windspeed and windpressure) Stud detector Anemometer 36 Flow sensor (measure the fluid flow) Water Flow Sensor
Radiation Types of Sensors 37 Geiger Counter (convert alpha, beta and gamma radiation into current pulses or counts) Dosimeter (radiation produced electrons which produce specific color of light) Geiger Counter Scintillation Counter (detect alpha or beta or gamma radiation) Dosimeter Badge Scintillation Counter
Thermal Thermometer Types of Sensors 38 Thermistor (change in temperature relates to change in resistance) Thermometer Different thermistors Thermocouple (temperature differential produces voltage) R-type Thermocouple Pyrometer (measure the temperature change in reflected laser beam) Pyrometer
Bio-medical Types of Sensors 39 ECG sensor (convert heart beats Into voltage) Glucose meter (measure the glucose levels in diabetic patients) Food Analysis sensor (detect toxins, chemical makeup) ECG Sensor Flexible ECG Sensor Electronics Glucose contact lens meter Glucose meter Food Analysis Sensor