From Supply Chain to Supply Cycle

19. Seminar Kunststoffrecycling in Sachsen 04. Mai 2010, 9.00 Uhr 17.00 Uhr Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.v., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden From Supply Chain to Supply Cycle - Plastics meets its Re-Maker - Chris Slijkhuis Director Sourcing

Agenda Why recycling of plastics from E-Waste? Our supply chain becomes a supply cycle The materials MBA Polymers Design implications for recycling Brominated Flame Retardants a technical debate Questions & discussion Plastics recycling from E-Waste

Post-consumer plastics were mostly discarded Metals from durable goods recycled at 90+% rates Plastics have high intrinsic value but extremely low recycle rate Recyle Rates 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Glass Steel Paper Aluminum High Value Plastics 0%

The Sustainable Model of Re-Producing plastics Growing supply Landfilled/Incinerated Self replenishing Sustainable and growing supply Mechanical mining process < 10% of energy <10% of water Save 1 3 tons CO2/ton Green products Virgin like quality possible More sustainable business PCR plastics

CO 2 Impact of MBA Polymers Recycling SOURCE: Extracted from EMPA Paper presented at IERC Conference Salzburg Jan 2010

Why recycling of tech plastics from/for electronics Without plastics recycling EU recycling targets impossible WEEE and ELV directives are clear in their targets WEEE 65 % for Small Domestic Appliances ELV 85 % as from 2015 Increasing pressure from the market and environment NGO s like Greenpeace are putting industry under pressure to act Consumers increasinlgly become aware and look for green products EU Frame Work and other directives support this REACH helps to create the framework as the new EU Chemical Regulat Replacing virgin plastics with recycled makes sense Recycled plastics were traditionally down-cycled Best available technology now exists to recycle to high standards Plastics recycling... huge environmental benefit

Teaming up to get from Supply Chain to Supply Cycle.. Design For the Environment Procurement Manufacturing Operations Delivery Recycling Integrated Supply Chain Take-back Customer Use / Service Asset Recovery Waste Minimisation

From Supply Chain to Supply Cycle Raw Materials Build and Construct Deliver Certified Reprocessing Closed Loop Reprocessing Certified Repair Customer Usage Return to Suppliers Sort/Inspect Recycling Remove Materials for Recycling Return / Take Back Alternative Uses Disposal Goal Zero

Global End-of-Life Material Return Growing Millions of tons of durable goods are shredded every year to liberate and recover the ferrous and nonferrous metals

The E-Waste Supply Cycle focussing on plastics De-Pollution Shredder Non-FE Separations Ferrous-Metals Non-Ferrous-Metals Smelters Size reduction, liberation and separation Further Separation Plastic/non-Plastic Separate Non- Plastic Items Mixed Plastic Rich E-Waste

We work in the same Supply Cycle E Waste Recyclers strengths MBA Polymers strengths Item collection and aggregation Decontamination Shredding and Non-ferrous ferrous concentration recovery Remove remaining metal-bearing Remove remaining nontarget materials Plastics type sorting Grade sorting Com-poun-Globading marketing & sales, support MBA Polymers..and create Teamwork to Close the Loop for Plastics

E-Waste Plastics

Plastics Rich Material Quantity Growing Tens of millions of tons of plastic-rich shredder residue that is mostly incinerated or land-filled

The Raw Materials

The avg. composition of the Sourcing Material EU Rubber 3% PVC 1% POM 1% PC-ABS & PC 6% PE 1% ABS-FR 3% Other Plastics 17% PPO 2% HIPS-FR 2% Ferrous & N-Ferrous 1% Wires & Elect Parts 4% Fluff/Foam 1% Wood Other Non-Plastics 3% Fines 1% 1% PP 3% ABS 24% HIPS 27%

The MBA Polymers facility in Austria A joint-venture between MBA Polymers and Müller-Gutenbrunn Location Kematen an der Ybbs Danube vincinity Near A1 Motorway Easy access Western/ Eastern Europe Capacity 40 000 Tonnes per annum

Goods-In, Analysis & Pre-processing Sourcing & Goods-In Material Handling Assaying Material Analysis Pre-Processing Taking out remaining metals Cleaning material of minerals (glass, stones, dust) Eliminating organic fractions such as wood and rubber Size reduction to a standard particle size Conveying plastic material into high tech seperations

High Tech Separations & Extrusion/Compounding Cleaning plastics Closed circuit water treatment High-Tech Seperations Obtaining ABS and PS In three grades Injection Moulding Extrusion General Purpose High quality extrusion and compounding RoHS compliant products

Laboratory services 24/24 hours Incoming Material Analysis Yield & contaminations Process Control Numerous checkpoints In-time feed-back cycles Purity control final products Final products Quality Control Each big bag is quality controlled MFI, Izod and Tensile Strength

Creating a Global Footprint California UK Austria Guangzhou

Also in the largest production center for electronics A brief video on MBA Polymers

Why a High-Tech Global Footprint... Electronics OEM s are Global and they demand: Global Supply of Plastics Virgin-like quality of the tech plastics they use Large, dependable and consistent volumes Consistent technical specifications A global answer to their Waste Plastics Reliable service levels to become designed in...

Agenda Why recycling of plastics from E-Waste? Our supply chain becomes a supply cycle The materials MBA Polymers Products from recycling Brominated Flame Retardants a technical debate Questions & discussion Plastics recycling from E-Waste

Products ABS, PS, PP as pellets & compounds

Stable Properties with MBA Polymers Resins 10,0 MFR (200 C/5kg) in [g/10min] 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 MFR Analysis Type MBA PS 3130 4,0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Samples RoHS Compliant Plastics

High Tech Applications for End-Products 100% Post-Consumer Plastic!

Some examples of recent green products Europe - Electrolux Made with 55% recycled plastic, the Ultra Silencer Green from Electrolux is the most energy efficient cleaner on the market. Its new, high efficiency motor reduces the Ultra Silencer s energy consumption by 33% compared to a standard 2,000 watt vacuum cleaner. Because Ultra Silencer Green is made out of recycled materials, it is only available in black, as this color allows to achieve the best looking finish and quality when using recycled materials. To signify Eco friendliness of the Green vacuum cleaner, Electrolux designers added signature elements of green on the graphics and buttons. SOURCE: Electrolux Pressrelease

Which legislations became involved (1) Waste Framework Directive The classification of waste as hazardous waste should be based on the Community legislation on chemicals, in particular concerning the classification of preparations as hazardous, including concentration limit values used for that purpose RoHS Directive With threshold values for PBB and all PBDE s (1000 ppm for each group) Controversial ECJ Ruling that exemption deca-pbde will be deleted But at same time a stakeholder consultation for deca-pbde was started Is RoHS overtaken by REACH? How about RoHS 2? 1000 amenments! REACH Regulation PPBs: Hexabromobiphenyl is banned in all products, In EEC other PPBs are not allowed in textiles OctaBDE: 0,1% max. concentration in products (0,5% in waste) PentaBDE: 0,1% max. concentration in products (0,25% in waste)

Which legislations became involved (2) WEEE Directive Annex II BFR s need to be removed (a simplification) Does in itself not imply that all BFR s are hazardous TAC guideline Annex II Manual, mechanical or other separation of Br-FR s To result in environmentally safe treatment Not necessarily at first stage of treatment To result in an identifyable stream at end of process Waste Transport Directive PBB is only group of BFR s nomitavely mentionen in WSR No other BFR is being mentioned Unlevel paying field in Europe

Brominated Flame Retardants The Br-flame retardants that are Substances of Concern PBB Polybrominated Biphenyl POP and PIC listed and restricted PBB is chemically a different family of substances than PBDE s Penta-BDE is POP listed (can hardly be found in electronics) Octa- BDE not yet POP or PIC listed But listed in REACH (threshold 1000 ppm each), but not in WSR It is possible to create REACH complaint plastics Deca-PBDE a BFR with quite some discussion still Deca PBDE not POP nor PIC listed Has been in use for a long period of time in electronics and not in REACH Technically difficult to be replaced in some plastics Controversial EU court decision (ref exemption RoHS) EU Stakeholder Consultation (RoHS) has been started, outcome will take time Can be found in electronic wastes (mainly B2B manual disassembly & CRT s) All other Brominated Flame Retardants are of no concern Separating BFR s (REACH and RoHS) is possible

Teamwork

Teamwork to Close the Loop for Plastics