Workbook Clean floors

Workbook Clean floors US 1563 Level 2 Credits 4 Name

Prepare to clean floors Creative Commons This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Licence. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work and to adapt the work. You must attribute Careerforce as the author. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. For more information contact Careerforce www.careerforce.org.nz 2

Workbook graphics Write Discuss (talk to another trainee)? Read Follow the instructions Need more help? Vocabulary and procedures In this workbook, you will notice some extra colour-coded information. At the beginning of each reading, there is a list of vocabulary or words that you need to know to do your job as a cleaner. Vocabulary is in pink tables that look like this: Word Meaning Example Procedure A list of steps you must do. Assessor A person who decides if you have passed a test or unit standard. What is the procedure for putting out a warning sign? An assessor will watch you clean and ask you questions to find out if you know the information. Procedures are in green boxes that look like this: Two-step cleaning procedure 1. Clean the area with an approved cleaning agent. 2. Wipe over with sodium hypochlorite (bleach) at the approved dilution rate.? Need more help? Read the next two (2) pages to learn how to get the most from vocabulary tables and procedures. 3

The vocabulary table has three (3) parts: 1. Headings The headings go across the top of the table. 2. A list of words (vocabulary) The list of words goes down the left-hand side of the table. Word Warning Sign Cordon Word Warning Sign Meaning A sign that tells people to be careful of something dangerous. Things with a cord or line between that separate an area from people. Meaning A sign that tells people to be careful of something dangerous. Example A cleaner puts up a warning sign before mopping the floor. A cleaner puts a cordon around the area where he is working, before vacuuming the floor. Example A cleaner puts up a warning sign before mopping the floor. Cordon Things with a cord or line between that separate an area from people. A cleaner puts a cordon around the area where he is working, before vacuuming the floor. 3. Information about each word The information about each word goes across the table. Word Warning Sign Cordon Meaning A sign that tells people to be careful of something dangerous. Things with a cord or line between that separate an area from people. Example A cleaner puts up a warning sign before mopping the floor. A cleaner puts a cordon around the area where he is working, before vacuuming the floor. Read the meaning of the word. Read it carefully. You may need to read it more than one time. Word Warning Sign Cordon Meaning A sign that tells people to be careful of something dangerous. Things with a cord or line between that separate an area from people. Example A cleaner puts up a warning sign before mopping the floor. A cleaner puts a cordon around the area where he is working, before vacuuming the floor. Then read an example sentence that uses the word to talk about cleaning. Word Warning Sign Meaning A sign that tells people to be careful of something dangerous. Example A cleaner puts up a warning sign before mopping the floor. Cordon Things with a cord or line between that separate an area from people. A cleaner puts a cordon around the area where he is working, before vacuuming the floor. 4

Procedures Cleaners need to read about many different procedures. In this workbook, all procedures are in a green box. You need to read a procedure carefully and thoroughly. In this workbook, you will need to learn many different procedures to pass the unit standard. Sometimes the assessor will watch you do a procedure. Sometimes the assessor will ask you to describe a procedure. Here is an example of a procedure. To stop people from slipping and falling, the cleaner should: 1. Warn the public, that there is a spill 2. Put up a warning sign. 3. Clean up the spill. 4. Remove the warning sign, when the floor is dry. A procedure has two (2) parts: 1. A title The title gives the name of the To stop people from slipping and falling, the cleaner should: 1. Warn the public, that there is a spill 2. Put up a warning sign. 3. Clean up the spill. procedure. 4. Remove the warning sign, when the floor is dry. 2. Some steps This procedure has four (4) steps. Each step has a number. Some procedures don t have numbers; they have bullets instead. Some examples of bullets are:,,,,. To stop people from slipping and falling, the cleaner should: 1. Warn the public, that there is a spill 2. Put up a warning sign. 3. Clean up the spill. 4. Remove the warning sign, when the floor is dry. To stop people from slipping and falling, the cleaner should: Warn the public, that there is a spill Put up a warning sign. Clean up the spill. Remove the warning sign, when the floor is dry. 5

Contents page Introduction: Cleaning floors... 7 A general procedure for cleaning a floor... 7 Part One: Dustrol or flat mop the floor... 8 1. Prepare to clean... 9 2. Dustrol the floor...1 3. Clean your equipment and store it away...11 Part Two: Damp or wet mop the floor... 13 1. Prepare to clean...14 2. Damp or wet mop the floor...16 3. Clean your equipment and store it away...16 Part Three: Vacuum the floor... 18 1. Prepare to clean...19 2. Vacuum the floor...2 3. Clean your equipment and store it away...21 Part Four: Reading labels... 22 How do I find the information I want?...22 Headings...22 Name and type of cleaning agent...24 Health and safety information...25 Directions: How much cleaning agent to use...28 Understanding ratios...3 Understanding abbreviations...31 Using ratios...31 Part Five: Measuring liquid... 36 Measuring cleaning agent in millilitres and litres...36 Measuring with a measuring jug...37 How to measure between the lines...4 6

Introduction: Cleaning floors In this workbook, you will learn: a general procedure for cleaning a floor a procedure for dustrolling or flat mopping a floor a procedure for damp or wet mopping a floor a procedure for vacuuming a floor how to read labels how to measure liquid. A general procedure for cleaning a floor Each time you clean, you should follow the same procedure. A procedure is a list of steps that you follow to do something. The procedure for cleaning a floor has three (3) parts. Remember, it is important to work through the procedure step by step. Do step 1 first, then step 2, then step 3. General procedure for cleaning a floor 1. Prepare to clean. 1. Check your equipment. 2. Check the floor. 3. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier. 2. Clean the floor. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away. 7

Part 1: Dustrol or flat mop the floor Vocabulary Word Meaning Example Cutting in Sweeping or mopping around the edges of the room before cleaning the rest of the floor. Start cleaning the floor by cutting in around the edges of the room. Continuous Without stopping. A continuous sweep means that you don t stop or lift the dustrol. Overlapping Going over or covering the edge of. The cleaner used overlapping strokes when he mopped the floor. Dust Very small pieces of dirt. After you finish cleaning, vacuum clean the dust from the dustrol. Dust showers A large amount of dust. Do not make dust showers when you are cleaning. Dustrol or flat mop the floor The procedure for dustrolling or flat mopping the floor has three (3) parts. 1. Prepare to clean. 2. Dustrol or flat mop the floor. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away. 8

1. Prepare to clean Before you can dustrol the floor, you must prepare to clean. There are three (3) steps you must do. 1. Check your equipment. 2. Check the floor. 3. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier. 1. Check your equipment Before you dustrol the floor, you must do a safety check of your dustrol to check that it is clean and in a good condition. In a good condition means that the equipment is not damaged and is safe to use. Check each part of the dustrol to make sure that it is not damaged. Do not use equipment that is not safe or that is broken or damaged. Vocabulary about parts of a dustrol, mop or broom Handle Strands Mop heads Handle connection to mop head Safety check for dustrols, mops and brooms Check that the handle connection to the mop head is clean and not worn out. If the connection is in a good condition, the mop head will screw on tight. If the connection is in a poor condition, the mop head will be loose and could easily fall off. Check that the handle is smooth. If the handle is damaged or rough, it could hurt your hands. Check that there are enough mop strands to be able to clean well. 9

2. Check the floor After checking your equipment, you need to check the floor for: large pieces of rubbish puddles of water soil or dirt drink bottles chewing gum cellotape grease marks. Remove these things before you start to clean the floor. 3. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier Put out the warning signs. Make sure that the signs are placed where the public can see them and where they will not cause a hazard. When you finish the preparation, you can start to dustrol the floor. 2. Dustrol the floor There are seven (7) steps you must follow to dustrol a floor. 1. Using the dustrol, start by cutting in along the floor edges. 2. Sweep the floor, using a continuous sweep. Use either the "figure 8" or the "overlapping" stroke. 3. Sweep the floor thoroughly. Go to page 5 to read about the figure 8 and overlapping strokes. 4. Make sure that the dustrol head stays flat against the floor at all times. (This will make sure you do not create dust showers.) Sweep under heavy furniture. Move lighter/smaller furniture and replace it after dustrolling. 1

5. In the corners, use either a dust pan and brush or a vacuum cleaner. 6. When dustrolling large floor areas, remove the dirt from in front of the dustrol with either a dust pan and brush or a vacuum cleaner. 7. As you dustrol the floor, the dustrol will become full of dirt. Clean the dustrol head using the vacuum cleaner. What is a figure 8 stroke? This is a picture showing the figure 8 stroke. When you sweep, draw the number 8 on the floor with your dustrol or mop. Keep drawing the number 8 without stopping and without lifting your dustrol or mop off the floor. This is a picture showing or mop up and down the broom from the floor. means you should go that you mopped. If you will make sure that you What is an overlapping stroke? the overlapping stroke. Sweep room without lifting your mop or Use an overlapping stroke. This over the edge of the last row use an overlapping stroke, you clean all of the floor. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away To clean and store your dustrol, follow four (4) steps. 1. Remove the dust and dirt from in front of the dustrol using either a dust pan and brush or a vacuum cleaner. 2. Clean the dustrol head using the vacuum cleaner. 3. If necessary, remove the cover and treat it or send it away for cleaning. 4. Store the dustrol upside down on the handle, with the cover removed. 11

Tick the items you would use when you dustrol a floor. Dust pan and brush Mop Vacuum cleaner Dustrol Bucket Notes 12

Part 2: Damp or wet mop the floor What is the difference between damp and wet mopping? If you are damp mopping the floor, put the mop in the bucket, then wring out the water before you start mopping the floor. If you are wet mopping the floor, put the mop into the bucket to wet it and then start mopping the floor. The mop will be very wet. Vocabulary Word Meaning Example Abrasive Rough, scratchy. Some cleaning solutions are abrasive. This helps to lift the dirt from the surface. Rinse Wring Wash thoroughly with lots of water. Remove all the water from something. You can use your hands or a wringer (rollers). Rinse out the mop to remove all the soapy water from it. Wring out the mop thoroughly to make sure the floor will dry quickly. Damp or wet mop the floor The procedure for damp or wet mopping the floor has three (3) parts. 1. Prepare to clean. 2. Damp or wet mop the floor. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away. 13

1. Prepare to clean There are four (4) steps you must follow to prepare to damp or wet mop the floor. 1. Check your equipment. 2. Check the floor. 3. Prepare your cleaning solution. 4. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier. 1. Check your equipment Before you damp or wet mop the floor, you must check that your equipment is clean and in good condition. In good condition means that the equipment is not damaged and is safe to use. Do a safety check for all your equipment. Check each part of the equipment to make sure that it is not damaged. Do not use equipment that is not safe, or that is broken or damaged. Safety check for mops Check that the handle connection to the mop head is clean and not worn out. If the connection is in good condition, the mop head will screw on tight. If the connection is in a poor condition, the mop head will be loose and could easily fall off. Check that the handle is smooth. If the handle is damaged or rough, it could hurt your hands. Check that there are enough mop strands to be able to clean well. Check that the head is on tight and will not fall off. Safety check for buckets Check that the bucket has no leaks. Check that the handle is in good condition. Check that the rollers are in good condition. The rollers should turn easily. Check that the foot pedal works. 14

2. Check the floor Pick up and throw away any large pieces of rubbish. 3. Prepare your cleaning solution Prepare the cleaning solution in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. This is a very common saying. It means that you must follow the instructions on the label of the bottle. Make sure there is good ventilation and light. Always fill the bucket with water first, and then add the cleaning agent. Go to page 16 for information on how to read labels and how to correctly prepare your cleaning solution. 4. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier Put out the warning signs, making sure that the signs are placed where the public can see them and they will not cause a hazard. The cleaner has the warning sign out to warn people to be careful. When you finish your preparation, you are ready to start mopping the floor. 15

2. Damp or wet mop the floor There are ten (1) steps to follow to damp or wet mop a floor. 1. Wet the mop. 2. Using the mop, start by "cutting in" along the floor edges. 3. Mop the floor with a continuous sweep, using either the "figure 8" or "overlapping" stroke. 4. Mop the floor thoroughly to make sure that you cover it completely. 5. Make sure you change the cleaning solution as soon as it becomes dirty. 6. Use an abrasive cleaning pad to remove any marks that will not come off the floor with the mop. 7. Make sure the bucket is kept behind the line of work. This means that you must keep the bucket beside you on the unclean area of the floor. 8. Be careful not to damage the walls or furniture. 9. Leave the floor as dry as possible. 1. Remove the warning signs when the floor is completely dry. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away When you have finished, clean the mop and bucket. Clean the mop Thoroughly rinse out the mop. Thoroughly wring out the mop. Store the mop upside down on its handle to dry. (Sometimes the mop head is sent away to the laundry for cleaning.) Clean the bucket Thoroughly rinse out the bucket. 16

Dry the bucket. Store the bucket upside down. Tick the items you would use when you damp or wet mop a floor. Bucket Mop Vacuum cleaner Wringer bucket Dustrol Notes 17

Part 3: Vacuum the floor Vocabulary: Parts of a vacuum cleaner Electrical Safety Certificate (ESC) Hose Cord Plug Body Pipe Foot tool Vacuum the floor The procedure for vacuuming the floor has three (3) parts. 1. Prepare to clean. 2. Vacuum the floor. 3. Clean your equipment and store it away. 18

1. Prepare to clean There are four (4) steps you must follow before you can vacuum the floor. 1. Check the Electrical Safety Certificate. 2. Check your equipment. 3. Check the floor. 4. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier. 1. Check the Electrical Safety Certificate Before you start to vacuum the floor, you must check your vacuum cleaner. The first item you check is the Electrical Safety Certificate (ESC). You must always check that the vacuum cleaner has a current Electrical Safety Certificate. If it does not, tell your supervisor straight away. 2. Check your equipment Check each part of the vacuum cleaner thoroughly. Safety check for vacuum cleaners Check that the plug is not broken or damaged the prongs must be straight. Check that the cord has no cuts or twists. Check that the pipe is straight it must not be damaged or blocked. Check that the foot tool is not damaged or blocked. Check that the body of the vacuum cleaner is clean and not damaged. Check that the hose is straight it must not be blocked. 3. Check the floor Pick up any large pieces of rubbish and throw them away. 19

4. Put out a warning sign, cordon or barrier Put out the warning signs. Make sure that the signs are placed where the public can see them and where they will not cause a hazard. Once your preparation is finished, you are ready to start vacuuming the floor. 2. Vacuum the floor There are five (5) steps to follow to vacuum a floor. 1. Cover the floor thoroughly, using overlapping strokes until the area is clean. Pay attention to "high traffic" areas. 2. When vacuuming edges and corners, remove the foot tool and use a crevice tool. 3. Choose the appropriate accessory for the floor surface and location of dust and dirt. 4. Be careful not to damage the walls or furniture. 5. When you have finished, remove the warning signs. 2

3. Clean your equipment and store it away To clean and store your vacuum cleaner, follow four (4) steps. 1. Check the vacuum cleaner bag. Empty or change the bag if it is full. 2. Wind the cord, starting from the base of the vacuum. While doing this, you can check to see if the cord has been damaged. 3. Wipe the body of the vacuum. 4. Store the pipes and hoses away. Tick the items you would use when you vacuum the floor. Dust pan and brush Mop Vacuum cleaner Wringer bucket Dustrol Notes 21

Part 4: Reading labels In Part Four, you will learn about reading labels. You need to be able to read labels for work and to pass many of your cleaning qualifications. How do I find the information I want? Each bottle of cleaning agent must have a label. The label has a lot of information. You don t need to read everything. Just look for the information that you need. You need to understand the different parts of a cleaning label so that you can find the important information that you need. You will need to read: the headings the name and type of cleaning agent the health and safety information this tells you how to keep yourself and other people safe, and it includes information on first aid the directions these tell you how much cleaning agent to use. NEVER use a bottle of cleaning agent that does not have a label. Headings When you read a label, look for the headings. Each heading will tell you what that part of the label is about. Headings are easy to find because they are usually larger than the other writing. Headings often use CAPITAL letters, different colours, bold, italics or are underlined so that you will notice them. 22

Check what you have learned Here is an example of a label for a cleaning agent. Find and circle the headings on the Fresh label below. The first example is circled for you. Fresh Floor Cleaner A commercial grade cleaner which can be used on floors, walls and other washable surfaces. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Light Duty cleaning 1 : General cleaning and 1 : 6 wet mopping Heavy duty cleaning 1 : 4 Floor Cleaner EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 HOUR PHONE 8 222 222 FIRST AID: Prevent contact with skin and eyes. If this happens flush well with water for 15 minutes. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting give plenty of water or milk. Seek medical advice. 23

Name and type of cleaning agent The name or brand is in large letters This is the type of cleaning agent. Floor Cleaner EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 HOUR PHONE 8 222 222 Fresh Floor Cleaner A commercial grade cleaner which can be used on floors, walls and other washable surfaces. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Light Duty cleaning 1 : General cleaning and 1 : 6 wet mopping Heavy duty cleaning 1 : 4 FIRST AID: Prevent contact with skin and eyes. If this happens flush well with water for 15 minutes. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting give plenty of water or milk. Seek medical advice. This is the type of cleaning agent. It is used for cleaning floors. This tells you where you can use the cleaning agent. 24

Check what you have learned Find and circle the name and type of cleaning agent on the Clean Bowl label below. The first example is circled for you. CAUTION: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Description: Clean Bowl is an all purpose disinfectant Cleaner that can be used on toilets, Baths, showers and laundry. Clean Bowl controls common bacteria. Directions: For hard surfaces dilute 1:4 (25mls in 1 litres of water). For laundry pre-soak dilute 1:8 (13 mls in 1 litres of water). EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 Hour Phone 8 POISON 8 764 766 FIRST AID: In case of contact with skin or eyes rinse thoroughly with large quantities of water for at least 15 minutes. If swallowed contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre immediately DO NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water or milk. Health and safety information Floor Cleaner EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 HOUR PHONE 8 222 222 Fresh Floor Cleaner A commercial grade cleaner which can be used on floors, walls and other washable surfaces. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Light Duty cleaning 1 : General cleaning and 1 : 6 wet mopping Heavy duty cleaning 1 : 4 FIRST AID: Prevent contact with skin and eyes. If this happens flush well with water for 15 minutes. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting give plenty of water or milk. Seek medical advice. Headings that are about health and safety may use these words: Warning Caution Precaution First aid Emergency response 24-hour phone 25

Vocabulary The words in the vocabulary box are warning and first aid words that you will often see on a label. Word Meaning Example Warning Caution Precaution Emergency Emergency response Written or spoken words that tell you that something bad or dangerous might happen, so that you can be ready or avoid it. A warning or piece of advice telling you to be careful. Something you do in order to stop something dangerous from happening. A dangerous situation that requires immediate help. A phone number you can ring in an emergency to get immediate help from someone. Here is a common warning message that you may see on a label: Do not swallow It tells you not to take (drink) the cleaning agent, because you could get very sick or die. Caution: Keep out of the reach of children. When you are mixing a cleaning agent, take precautions and put on protective glasses first to protect your eyes. In a medical emergency, you can ring 111 and ask for an ambulance. The emergency response phone line is open 24 hours a day. 26

Check what you have learned Find and circle all the warnings on the Clean Bowl label below. The first example is circled for you. Find and circle the headings about health and safety on the Clean Bowl label below. The first example is circled for you. WARNING: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN DO NOT SWALLOW Description: Clean Bowl is an all purpose disinfectant Cleaner that can be used on toilets, Baths, showers and laundry. Clean Bowl controls common bacteria. Directions: For hard surfaces dilute 1:4 (25mls in 1 litres of water). For laundry pre-soak dilute 1:8 (13 mls in 1 litres of water). EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 Hour Phone 8 POISON 8 764 766 FIRST AID: In case of contact with skin or eyes rinse thoroughly with large quantities of water for at least 15 minutes. If swallowed contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre immediately DO NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water or milk. 27

Directions: How much cleaning agent to use Floor Cleaner EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 HOUR PHONE 8 222 222 Fresh Floor Cleaner A commercial grade cleaner which can be used on floors, walls and other washable surfaces. DIRECTIONS FOR USE: Light Duty cleaning 1 : General cleaning and 1 : 6 wet mopping Heavy duty cleaning 1 : 4 FIRST AID: Prevent contact with skin and eyes. If this happens flush well with water for 15 minutes. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting give plenty of water or milk. Seek medical advice. Heading about how to use the cleaning agent. Type of cleaning (light, normal or heavy). How much cleaning agent and how much water you need to make a cleaning solution. Headings that tell you about how much cleaning agent to use may use these words: Directions Directions for use Instructions Instructions for use Dilutions (how much cleaning agent to add to the water) The label tells you how much cleaning agent to use for different types of cleaning. The amount you need may depend on the type of cleaning you are doing for example, mopping floors. It can also depend on how dirty the area is. Labels use lots of different words to describe how dirty an area is. If the area is not very dirty and does not need much cleaning, you will need to use less cleaning agent. Follow the directions for: light duty light cleaning light soil. 28

If the area is dirty but no different than usual, follow the directions for: medium soil general cleaning. If the area is very dirty and needs special cleaning, you will need to use more cleaning agent. Follow the directions for: heavy duty heavy duty cleaning heavy soil. Check what you have learned Find and circle the heading on the Clean Bowl label below that tells you where to find out how much cleaning agent to use. Find and circle the numbers that tell you how much cleaning agent and how much water you need to make a cleaning solution. The first example is circled for you. CAUTION: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Description: Clean Bowl is an all purpose disinfectant Cleaner that can be used on toilets, Baths, showers and laundry. Clean Bowl controls common bacteria. Directions: For hard surfaces dilute 1:4 (25mls in 1 litres of water). For laundry pre-soak dilute 1:8 (13 mls in 1 litres of water). EMERGENCY RESPONSE 24 Hour Phone 8 POISON 8 764 766 FIRST AID: In case of contact with skin or eyes rinse thoroughly with large quantities of water for at least 15 minutes. If swallowed contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre immediately DO NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water or milk. 29

Understanding ratios Labels on cleaning agents often use ratios to tell you how to mix them with water. On this label, the ratio is 1:1. You say it like this: one to ten. A ratio of 1:1 tells you to use 1 part of cleaning agent to 1 parts of water. DIRECTIONS: For Heavy duty cleaning dilute 1:1 with water 1:1 means 1 part cleaning product and 1 parts water. What is a ratio? A ratio uses numbers to tell you the relationship between two or more amounts. You could use a jug to count out the ratio. In this example the ratio is 1:1. 1 jug of cleaning agent + 1 jugs of water Or you could use a cup to count out the ratio. 1 cup of cleaning agent + 1 cups of water It doesn t matter what type of container you use to measure parts. But you must use the same size container to measure both the cleaning solution and the water. 3

Understanding abbreviations An abbreviation is a short form of a word. People use abbreviations a lot because they are quick to write. A measurement is often written as an abbreviation. Some examples of measurement words are millilitre and litre. These words take too long to write, so people use abbreviations instead. For example: I can write 5 millilitres in words Or I can write 5 ml I can write 1 litres in words Or I can write 1 l, 1 lt or 1 L Measurement abbreviations usually have small letters, but sometimes they have capital (big) letters. The box below shows the common abbreviations for litre and millilitre. Full word Litre Millilitre Abbreviation l, lt or L ml Using ratios Directions on a bottle of cleaning agent are often in ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:), not in millilitres or litres. Ratios tell you how strong to make the cleaning solution, but they don t tell you how much cleaning agent to add to the water. For example, the label may say: Heavy duty cleaning 1:4 This means that you must add 125 ml of cleaning agent to 5 litres of water. This means that you must add 25 ml of cleaning agent to 1 litres of water. To find out how much cleaning agent to put in a bucket of water, you can read a ratio conversion table. The table changes ratios to millilitres of cleaning agent and litres of water so you can measure the correct amount of cleaning agent to add to the water in your bucket. 31

Reading a ratio table The table below changes ratios to millilitres of cleaning agent and litres of water so you can measure the correct amount of cleaning agent to add to the water in your bucket. Amount of cleaning agent in millilitres (ml) Water in your bucket 5 litres of water 1 litres of water 1:4 125 ml 25 ml 1:5 ml 2 ml 1: 5 ml ml Before you use this table, you need to find out two things: 1. What size bucket do you have? If you have a 5 litre bucket, put in 5 litres of water. If you have a larger bucket, put in 1 litres of water. 2. What ratio of cleaning agent do you need? Read the label on the bottle to find the correct ratio. When you have this information, you can read the table to find out how much cleaning agent to add to the water. 32

How do you read this table? 1 Always read the heading, first. It tells you what the table is about. This table tells you the correct amount of cleaning agent to add to the bucket of water. 2 Start with the ratio. Read down the table to find the ratio you need. In this example, you want a ratio of 1:5. 3 Now read across to find the amount of water in your bucket. In this example, you have 5 litres of water in your bucket. 4 Read how many milliliters of cleaning agent to put in your bucket. In this example, you need to put ml of cleaning agent in a 5 litre bucket of water. 33

Check what you have learned How much cleaning agent do you need? Read the table to find the answer to each question below. The first one is an example answer. Amount of cleaning agent in millilitres (ml) Water in your bucket 5 litres of water 1 litres of water 1:4 125 ml 25 ml 1:5 ml 2 ml 1: 5 ml ml 1. You have 5 litres (5 L) of water in your bucket. The label says you need a cleaning solution of 1:4. How much cleaning agent do you add to the water? Answer: 125 ml of cleaning agent 2. You have 5 litres (5 L) of water in your bucket. You need a cleaning solution of 1:. How much cleaning agent do you add to the water? 3. You have 1 litres (1 L) of water in your bucket. You need a cleaning solution of 1:4. How much cleaning agent do you add to the water? 4. You have 1 litres (1L) of water in your bucket. The label says you need a cleaning solution of 1:5. How much cleaning agent do you add to the water? 34

Part 5: Measuring liquid In Part 5, you will learn to: read how much liquid is in a measuring jug measure the correct amount of liquid into a measuring jug. Measuring cleaning agent in millilitres and litres We measure liquid in millilitres or litres. There are one thousand (1,) millilitres in one litre. There are five hundred (5) millilitres in half a litre. We measure small amounts of liquid in millilitres (ml). We measure larger amounts of liquid in litres (l or L). 1 millilitre (1 ml) is a very small amount. 1 medicine spoon = 5 ml. Water and soft drinks are sold in 1 litre bottles. 1 large bottle of soft drink = 1 L or 1, ml. 35

Measuring with a measuring jug This is a measuring jug. We use a measuring jug to measure amounts of liquid. A measuring jug has a scale. The scale measures liquid in millilitres (ml) or litres (L). This is a scale. Cleaners use measuring jugs to measure the correct amount of cleaning agent. Measuring jugs have different scales. Some jugs measure in small amounts for example, by 1 millilitre, 2 millilitre or 25 millilitre amounts. Other jugs measure in larger amounts for example, by 5 millilitre, millilitre or larger amounts. Before you measure cleaning agent, look carefully at the measuring jug you are using. Ask yourself: How much liquid can the jug hold? How much does each line or step equal? Reading a 5 millilitre (5 ml) measuring jug 5 ml 4 3 2 475 35 225 75 5 25 This is the scale from one measuring jug. How much liquid can this jug hold? This jug can hold 5 millilitres or half a litre of liquid. This jug makes it easy to measure exactly because it measures in small amounts. How much does each line equal? Each line equals 25 millilitres (25 ml). So you count up the jug by adding 25 ml each time. For example, you read 25, 5, 75,, 125, 15, 175, 2 36

Check what you have learned Can you finish counting up to 5 ml (half a litre) by adding 25 ml each time?, 25, 5, 75,, 125,, 175, 2,, 25, 275,, 325, 35,, 4,, 45,, or (half a litre) How much cleaning agent is in each 5 ml jug? Read the amount and write the answer under the jug. Remember to write millilitre (ml) after the number. The first one is an example answer. 5 ml 4 3 2 275 ml 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 37

Mark the correct amount of cleaning agent on the 5 ml jug. The first one is an example answer. 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 275 ml ml 5 ml or ½ litre 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 5 ml 4 3 2 325 ml 15 ml 75 ml Reading a 1, millilitre (1, ml) or 1 litre (1 L) measuring jug This jug has a 1, millilitre (1, ml or 1 L) scale. Look back at the example of a 5 millilitre scale (5 ml) on page 31. Then answer the questions below. 1 litre 1, ml This is the scale from a bigger measuring jug. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 How much liquid can the jug hold? This jug can hold of liquid. This jug has a different scale. It measures by larger amounts. How much does each line equal? Each line equals millilitres. So you count up the jug by adding each time. 38

How to measure between the lines 1 litre 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 This is the scale from a bigger measuring jug. How much does each line equal? Each line equals fifty millilitres (5 ml). So, you count up the jug by adding 5 millilitres each time. The red arrows show how you find an amount between two numbered lines. 3 2 275 ml 25 ml 15 ml 125 ml 5 ml For example: to measure 275 ml, find the place halfway between 25 and 3 ml to measure 125 ml, find the place halfway between and 15 ml. 39

Check what you have learned How much cleaning agent is in each 1 litre jug? Read the amount and write the answer under the jug. Remember to write millilitre (ml) or litre (L) after the number. The first one is an example answer. 1 litre 75 ml 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 1 litre 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 1 litre 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 1 litre 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 or 4

Mark the correct amount of cleaning agent on the 1 litre jug. The first one is an example answer. 1 litre 1, ml 1 litre 1, ml 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 5 5 75 ml 25 ml 1 litre 4 ml 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 1 litre 625 ml 1, ml 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 41

Remember! Cleaning agents are poisonous. They can make you very sick if you swallow (drink) them. NEVER measure cleaning agents with a jug that you use for food or drink. ALWAYS measure cleaning agents with a measuring jug. ALWAYS add the cleaning agent to the water. NEVER pour cleaning agent into the bucket from the bottle. Why? You may put in the wrong amount of cleaning agent. If you put too much cleaning agent, you could damage the surface you are cleaning. If you don t put enough cleaning agent, the surface will still be dirty. It s not just cleaning; it s about a healthy environment. 42