FallsFestival, March 24th-25th, Stuttgart The Sensor Revolution: From Lambda Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms for the Internet of Things Stuttgart, 25 th of March 2015 Dr. Markus Lang, Corporate Research, Coordination Technology Sensors 1
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 2
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 3
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Measurands Imaging Lambda Inertial Distance Pressure Particle Others Position Today s sensor technology allows access to a multitude of parameters 4
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Typical sensor application today Sense Analyze Act Sensor information available locally in control loops or information systems 5
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 6
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor 1967 Electronic gasoline injection made engines cleaner. Paved the way for lambda closed-loop catalytic converters starting in 1976. Specification (gasoline engine) Heating power consumption 50% reduction of emissions optimized for harsh environments and long lifetime 7 W Operating temperature exhaust gas < 980 C Peak temperature Lifetime 1030 C (300h) 150.000 miles / 15 years 7
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Power train and exhaust gas systems 1) 1) Gasoline engine Up to ~20 sensors implemented in modern power train and exhaust gas systems 8
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2020 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 9
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Why MEMS? Cost reduction Fewer components, batch production Size and Weight Compact, highly integrable Reliability Fewer plugs and cables, fewer components More functionalities Self-test, accuracy check Power Lower power consumption MEMS technology: low cost, small size, low power = enablers for IoT sensor systems 10
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms MEMS technology comparison to a human hair Human hair MEMS sensor ~70 µm 20 µm 11
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Noise and resolution limit comparison Device sensitivity mechanical sensitivity S m ~ 5.2 pm / ( /s) electrical sensitivity S e ~ 2.3 af / ( /s) Resolution limit ~3 /h (0.005 Hz) amplitude change in micromechanical structure ~4 fm (compares to ~0.00001 x Si-Si distance or ~ radius of atomic nucleus) capacitance change ~2 zf (μ - n - p - f - a - z) 10-6 10-21 (compares to charge variation of ~0.06 electrons (at 5V)) 12
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Product portfolio MEMS automotive Acceleration sensors Angular rate sensors Combined inertial sensors Pressure sensors Mass flow sensors Central/peripheral acceleration sensor for occupant protection Low-g acceleration sensors for VDC, RoSe and active suspension Rollover sensor for occupant protection Yaw rate sensor for VDC Combined inertial sensor (yaw rate and acceleration sensor) for VDC Low pressure sensor for engine control Mid-pressure sensor for transmission control Pressure sensor for occupant protection Mass flow sensor for engine management High pressure sensor for engine and brake systems 13
16 Sensors 11 Sensors 24 Sensors From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms More than 50 MEMS *) sensors in 1 car Engine Management e.g. Diesel 1 Mass flow sensor [Combustion] 1 Barometric air pressure sensor [BAP] 1 Pressure sensor [Particle filter] 2 Pressure sensors [Manifold air pressure, oil] 1 High pressure sensor [Common Rail] 1 Pressure sensor [Tank pressure] 1 Pressure sensor [Start/stop function] 2 Acceleration sensors [Active engine mounting] 1 Acceleration sensor [Onboard diagnosis] Comfort 2 Pressure sensors [Automatic transmission] 5 Acceleration sensors [active suspension] 1 Pressure sensor, 1 Humidity sensor, 2 Thermopiles [Air conditioning] 1 Angular rate sensor, 1 Acceleration sensor [Navigation] 2 microphones [telephone] 1 Bolometer Array [Night vision] (Seldom: 16 Pressure sensors (up to 8 per seat) Safety 14 2 High-g acceleration sensors (for airbag), 1 Angular rate sensor + 1 Low-g acceleration sensor (for roll-over sensing), 1 Acceleration sensor (Structure-borne sound sensor) [Airbag-ECU] 4 Acceleration sensors, 2 Pressure sensors [Peripheral airbag sensors] 2 Pressure sensors [Pedestrian safety] 1 Angular rate sensor, 1 Low-g acceleration sensor, 1 High pressure sensor [ESP (incl. ACC)] 1 Angular rate sensor [Active steering] 1 Acceleration sensor [ecall] 1 Acceleration sensor [Car alarm] 4 Pressure sensors [TPMS] 1 Pressure sensor [Occupant detection] 1 Pressure sensor [BrakeBooster] More than 50 MEMS sensors in one car today *) together with other sensors more than 100
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms 15
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 16
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Smartphone tipping-point Rome, Via Della Conciliazione 2005 Rome, Via Della Conciliazione 2013 Source: DPA / AP Sensors in mobile devices increased from 10 million in 2007 to 3.5 billion in 2012 1) World wide smartphone market exceeded 1 billion shipments in 2013 2) 1) J. Bryzek: Need for a Trillion of Sensor Roadmap, Stanford, 2013 2) Source: IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker, January 27, 2014 source: dpa/ap 17
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms MEMS sensors in smartphones IMU: Inertial Measurement Unit IEU: Integrated Environmental Unit Motion Sensors HMI / Gaming Virtual / augmented reality Image stabilization / panorama Activity monitoring In-door navigation Environmental Sensors Comfort zones Calorie counting Altitude Humidity Temperature Smartphones are the strongest driver of MEMS sensor development 18
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms New MEMS success factors time to market and flexibility temperature Integrated Environmental Unit pressure humidity gyroscope acceleration magnetic field 2005 2010 2015 19
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 20
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms IoTS - Everyone & Everything Connected 5 billion People connected Devices connected 6.593 billion devices in 2015 4 billion World population People connected to the internet 0.062 billion vehicles 0.019 billion in telemedicine 0.070 billion in security 7.3bn 0.120 billion smart meters 5.7bn 6.5bn 0.260 billion TVs 0.625 billion tablets 3 billion 0,7% 15% 75% 3.000 billion mobile phones 1995 2005 2015 1.498 billion laptops 0.895 billion desktops 0.044 billion servers 2 billion 1 billion 1995 2005 2015 21
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Typical sensor application tomorrow Everything get a sense Sense Sensors everywhere Connectivity Everything will be connected Cloud Analyze Act Analysis in the cloud Cloud Everything will be analyzed Sensors everywhere, everything connected, information available globally 22
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms IoT Sensors Senses of everyday commodities If you want to increase comfort, security, health, productivity, lifestyle you have to create smart, interactive and sensitive systems. Therefore you have to give the things new senses. 23
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms What can you do with... Applications for IP connected smart sensors M2M M2M M2M Customized solutions create additional value 24
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms New applications beyond smartphone Wearable Devices (integrating sensors) New Market Higher Integrated Functionality IoT Nodes (multiple sensors, µc and RF link) New Market Lower Power Budget Smart Switches (event type sensors) IoT Tags (Sensor & RF-Link) Higher Power Budget New Market Smartphone Sensors Market Lower Integrated Functionality 25
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Sensors for IoT applications ASSN: Application specific sensor nodes BNO055 The ASSN* platform BME680 environmental Microphones Augmented Reality Gaming Activity monitoring Context awareness Navigation Home automation Power management Logistics Personalized recommendations Well-being Sport & fitness monitoring Weather forecast Voice & sound 26
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms MEMS Market Proliferation Millions Billions Trillions? Automotive Infrastructure & Industrial Consumer Electronics 1 st wave 2 nd wave 3 rd wave Internet of Things (IoT) Smartphones Vehicles 1990 2000 2010 2020 27
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Outline 1976 1995 2005 2014 Introduction Lambda oxygen sensor: First automotive exhaust gas sensor First MEMS wave: Sensors for automotive applications Second MEMS wave: Sensors for consumer electronics Third MEMS wave: Connected sensory swarms Summary 28
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Summary Bosch has more than 40 years experience in sensors and we are as well shaping the future of connected sensor systems. It s not all about MEMS, but MEMS technology is one key to further miniaturization, reduction of power consumption, and very low cost = enabling KPIs for sensory swarms. Everything gets a sense, everything will be connected: Connected sensor systems are the enabler for completely new classes of applications. 29
From -Sensors to Connected Sensory Swarms Thanks for your attention! 30