BPI 1200 and ASHRAE Standards

BPI 1200 and ASHRAE Standards For the HPwES Program in 2016 December 16, 2015

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4 Agenda BPI 1200 Earl Hicks ASHRAE 62.2-2013 Lou Marrongelli

BPI 1200 5

6 Background There are Certifications. Certifications confirm one s ability to do the right thing but don t provide a basis for ensuring that one does the right thing. Holding a certificate demonstrates competency. This competency can be based on many different standards. BPI Certifications are based on a set of Testing / Knowledge List (TKL) provided by BPI. http://www.bpi.org/standards_knowledgelists.aspx There are Standards. Standards provide the basis for ensuring work is being performed according to a uniform set of guidelines. Standards are enforceable.

7 BPI Standards Update As the home performance industry has grown, the need for more specific task-oriented standards has emerged. BPI has become an ANSI Standards Development Organization, and now oversees a formal consensus-based standards development process.

8 BPI Standards Update Multiple stakeholder and cross-industry input Aligns spillage testing with ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54 Is designed to limit an auditor s responsibilities, gives guidance when to bring in a professional Changes in Combustion Appliance Zone testing Changes in Combustion Safety Testing References 62.2-2013 for ventilation requirements

9 BPI Standards This presentation will not be a tutorial on BPI Standards. BPI 1100 What to do BPI 1200 How to do it Where http://www.bpi.org/standards_approved.aspx

10 BPI 1200 Section 1 Scope 1.1 This standard practice defines the minimum criteria and specific procedures for conducting building science-based residential energy audits and related diagnostic tests.

11 BPI 1200 Relationship to other Standards Some sections refer to BPI 1100 Standard Section 2 General Requirements Section 3 Health and Safety Related Requirements Section 4 Disclosure and Ethics Section 5 Cost Benefit Analysis Section 6 Prioritizing Recommendations Some sections refer to BPI 2400 Standard Section 5.7 Collecting fuel use records.

12 BPI 1200 Key Changes Equipment Diagnostics Forms

13 BPI 1200 Key Changes Equipment Combustible Gas Detector (CGD) Section 7.1.1 UL 913 Class I, II, III, Division 1 (not previously specified) Capability of detecting Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). Digital display of percentage of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) or Provide an alarm when detecting combustible gas concentrations exceeding 10% Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).

14 BPI 1200 Key Changes Equipment CO measurement equipment (not previously specified) Ambient air monitoring 7.1.3 Ambient CO monitor Combustion appliance testing 7.1.2 {CO measurement equipment} 7.1.2.1 {0 2000 ppm} 7.1.2.2 {Air free concentrations} or {O 2 for manual calculation of CO air free} (Appendix B) 7.1.2.5 Equipped with a NOx filter

15 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Combustible fuel gases Section 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 Sample with CGD on each floor Action Level! 7.3.2.2 Evacuate if levels exceed 10% LEL Inform homeowner/occupants of unsafe levels Advise evacuation Auditor to leave home (all workers implied) Emergency service provider notified

16 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Indoor Ambient (as measured not air-free) Section 7.3.3 7.3.3.1.1 Ambient air monitored at all times. 7.3.3.3.1 {Action Level = 70 ppm or greater} Immediately terminate inspection Occupants and auditor to evacuate building Emergency service provider notified 7.3.3.3.2 {36 69 ppm} Advise owner of elevated levels Open windows/doors Recommend that all possible sources be turned off Recommend appliance be serviced

17 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Indoor Ambient (as measured not air-free) Section 7.3.3 (continued) 7.3.3.3.3 {9 35 ppm} Advise owner of elevated levels Recommend opening windows/doors Recommend that all possible sources be turned off Recommend appliance be serviced

18 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Combustion Appliances Spillage Assessment Section 7.9.2 {Cold Vent except DWH} Spillage accessed after 5 minutes of main burner operation (no longer 60 second) Section 7.9.3 {Warm Vent and Cold Vent DWH} Spillage accessed after 2 minutes of main burner operation Section 7.9.4.4 {Testing multiple appliances} Retest spillage on all simultaneously firing appliances after 2 minutes Action Levels specified in Annex D, Table D.1.A

19 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Combustion Appliances Section 7.9.2 {Cold Vent except DWH} CO measured* after 5 minutes of main burner operation Section 7.9.3 {Warm Vent and Cold Vent DWH} CO measured* after 5 minutes of main burner operation Action Levels specified in Section 7.9.5, Table 1 *Undiluted flue gases CO measurement

20 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Combustion Appliances CO measurement Section 7.9.5, Table 1: CO Threshold for Fossil-Fuel Fire Combustion Appliances Air free As measured *Carbon Monoxide Air Free manual calculation in Annex B

21 BPI 1200 Key Changes Diagnostics Carbon monoxide (CO) Combustion Appliances CO measurement Section 7.9.5, Table 1: CO Threshold for Fossil-Fuel Fire Combustion Appliances Air free As measured As measured in vent Air free in firebox *Carbon Monoxide Air Free manual calculation in Annex B

22 BPI 1200 Key Changes Appendix B Carbon Monoxide (CO) Air Free NG & Propane CO AFppm = Where: 20.9 20.9 OO 2 x CO ppm CO AFppm = Carbon monoxide, air-free ppm CO ppm = As-measured combustion gas carbon monoxide ppm O 2 = Percentage of oxygen in combustion gas, as a percentage

23 BPI 1200 Key Changes Appendix B Carbon Monoxide (CO) Air Free Alternative method (all fuels) CO AFppm = UCO 2 CCOO 2 Where: x CO ppm UCO 2 = Ultimate concentration of carbon dioxide for fuel being burned. Ultimate Concentration of CO 2 Data courtesy of TSI Incorporated Natural Gas Propane Oil #2 Kerosene 11.8 13.8 15.6

24 BPI 1200 Key Changes Spillage Action Levels

25 BPI 1200 Key Changes CO Action Levels

26 BPI 1200 Key Changes Why a NO x filter? - Nitrogen compounds in flue gas can be 5% by volume. - Removing (filtering) NO x makes CO measurements more accurate. - Eliminates interference from acidic gases including NO, NO 2, SO 2 (cross-sensitive acid gases). - Some combustion analyzer have NOx filters built in. - Any equipment with a hose and probe can have a NOx filter added - Check with the equipment manufacturer.

27 BPI 1200 Key Changes Forms Post-Installation Health and Safety Test Results

BPI 1200 Key Changes Summary 28 NOT perform draft testing only spillage. Need to measure CO air free. NOT compare the CAZ depressurization to any threshold values. Need to measure CO ambient.

29 BPI 1200: Implementation January 1, 2016 Recommend removal of unvented space heaters that exceed maximum allowable BTU/hr New standards for spillage assessment Elimination of requirement to test draft Ventilation recommendations according ASHRAE 62.2-2013 Once new testing equipment is purchased but no later than February 1, 2016 Ambient fuel gas and pipeline testing Ambient CO readings and actions

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 30

BPI 1200 Standard Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation 31 The auditor shall comply with the requirements detailed in BPI-1100, Section 8, Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation. In addition, the evaluation of existing ventilation systems and determination of ventilation requirements shall be conducted as follows: See section 8 for complete details. Highlights of Section 8: Conduct a visual inspection of existing ventilation systems in the dwelling. Determine the whole-building ventilation requirements in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2-2013: Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ASHRAE 62.2). (See Annex I, Determining Ventilation Requirements.) Project documentation shall specify improvements as required to reduce pollution sources and to provide adequate ventilation consistent with the design strategies described in ASHRAE 62.2. ASHRAE 62. 2 2013 can be viewed and purchased @ https://www.ashrae.org/standardsresearch--technology/standards--guidelines

Educating Customer on Whole house and local Ventilation 32 Interview customer see Annex F (Homeowner/Occupant Questionnaire) BPI 1200 Standard Why ventilation system is needed Where indoor pollutants come from Ways to reduce pollutant sources Signs of indoor air quality problems Location and operation of the whole-building ventilation equipment When to use local exhaust fans Measure airflow on existing ventilation

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Overview National Ventilation Standard This standard defines the roles of and minimum requirements for mechanical and natural ventilation systems and the building envelope intended to provide acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) in low-rise residential buildings. Single family, multifamily up to three stories, and manufactured and modular homes. Standard for whole-house ventilation in new and existing homes. Standard for local exhaust ventilation in kitchens and bathrooms. Provides sizing procedures, Outlines equipment parameters and requires system testing and commissioning. The standard does not address specific pollutant concentration levels. It also does not address certain potential pollutant sources such as unvented combustion space heaters and contamination from outdoor sources or from occupant-controlled events such as painting, smoking, cleaning, or other high-polluting events. Acceptable IQA will not necessarily be realized even if all requirements are met. It is not the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). 33

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 What it will do! 34 Select whole building airflow from the table or you can calculate it. Select appropriate airflow rates for local exhaust. Your blower door test can be used to adjust the design whole house ventilation rate by calculating an infiltration credit. Infiltration credit is allowed for envelope air leakage. Gives credit for existing fans (measured airflow) and operable windows,20cfm (You aren t allowed to get credit for more than one window per room.) Requires measuring airflow. Select equipment that is certified by HVI. Installations that work. Test and commissioning to verify system performance. Document the design. Customer education is a must.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Kitchen and Bathroom Airflow 35 The standard requires exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens to meet the following requirements: Every kitchen needs an exhaust fan (either a 100-cfm on-demand fan or a continuous fan rated at 5 air changes per hour, based on the volume of the kitchen). Every bathroom that has a tub or shower needs an exhaust fan (either a 50-cfm on-demand fan or a 20-cfm continuous fan). These required exhaust fans for bathrooms and kitchens are (in most cases) independent of the fan or fans that are required to meet the needs of a whole-house ventilation system. Note - If existing home is missing this ventilation or does not have the required flow, It s possible to install a whole-house ventilation system that complies with ASHRAE 62.2 in such a home, as long as the whole house ventilation fan has a minimum airflow rating that is large enough to make up for the local ventilation deficit.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Whole-building Airflow Total Airflow = 0.03Afloor + 7.5 (bedroom + 1) or (number of occupants). Whichever is greater is the number to use. Standard Sizing Table 36

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Whole-building Airflow Example 2,200 sq./ft. home with 3 bedrooms and 6 occupants First calculation (2,200 x.03 = 66) + 7.5 (3 bedroom + 1= 4) = 96 cfm Second calculation (2,200 x.03 = 66) + 7.5 (6 occupants) = 111 cfm Standard Sizing Table = 105 cfm 37 Note the following: Where higher occupant densities are known, the rate shall be increased by 7.5 cfm (3.5 L/s) for each additional person. When approved by the authority having jurisdiction, lower occupant densities may be used. Number of bedrooms; not to be less than one. Remember this standard is a minimum ventilation guideline.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Infiltration Credit 38 Using blower door test results we can determine the infiltration credit for adjusting the whole house ventilation rate. Infiltration credit (Qinf) = 0.052 x CFM50 x S x wsf.052 is constant from ASHRAE CFM50 Blower test results S number of stories factor wsf weather and shielding factor

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Infiltration Credit 39 Building Height Factors Sample of New York s wsf weather and shielding factor Number of Stories Story Factor (S) 1 1 1.5 1.18 2 1.32 2.5 1.44 3 1.55

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Requirements 40 Alternative Compliance Path Method of meeting local exhaust requirements in kitchens and bathrooms that do not have existing local ventilation. Local ventilation deficits will be added together, and rolled into whole house ventilation requirements. Ventilation Equipment Requirements Whole house ventilation fan should be rated at 1.0 sone or less. Intermittent local exhaust fans should be 3.0 sone or less unless they are greater than 400 cfm. Exceptions: HVAC and remote-mounted fans do not need to meet the sound requirements as long as they are outside the habitable space and a minimum of 4 feet of duct from the fan and intake grille.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Duct and Fan Sizing 41

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Types of Systems 42 Exhaust Only Ventilation Potential for negative pressure in the house. Best suited for a house where there are no Natural Draft Appliances. Typically do not know where the air is entering the building.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Types of Systems 43 Supply Only Ventilation This may be a good option for a negative house. It controls where the air is coming from and where it is distributed to. Example using furnace/air handler fan with duct to return side. MERV 6 filter required for this application.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Types of Systems 44 Exhaust & Supply Ventilation A balanced system will give the best results for distributed fresh air through the building. Also can be used to meet local exhaust (bathrooms). Lunos e2 WhisperComfort Spot ERV Ceiling Insert Ventilator HRV/ERV CERV

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Measuring System Airflow 45

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Examples 46 2000 sq./ft. home in Albany, NY 3 bedroom with 4 occupants, 2 story with a Blower door of 1000 cfm50. Measured Kitchen Exhaust of 100 cfm and one bath with 50 cfm. 0.03Afloor + 7.5 (bedroom + 1) = (2000 x.03 = 60) + 7.5 (3 bedroom + 1= 4) = 90 cfm Whole-House ventilation. From table 4.1a = 90 cfm Whole-House ventilation. Infiltration Credit = Infiltration credit (Qinf) = 0.052 x CFM50 x S x wsf =.052 x 1000 x 1.32 x.61 = 41.87 cfm = 42 cfm Whole house ventilation requirements with using infiltration credit: Total calculated Infiltration credit = 90 42 = 48 cfm minimum required of whole house ventilation. Demand controlled - As long as the intermittent cycle runs at least every three hours, the adjustment is proportional. If the cycle is longer, there is a penalty.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Calculator 1 2 47 http://www.residentialenergydynamics.com/redcalcfree/tools/ashrae6222013

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Examples 2500 sq./ft. home in Albany, NY 3 bedroom with 4 occupants, 2.5 story with a Blower door of 2000 cfm50. No Kitchen exhaust, one bathroom with a window. 0.03Afloor + 7.5 (bedroom + 1) = (2500 x.03 =75) + 7.5 (3 bedroom + 1= 4) = 105 cfm Whole- House ventilation. From table 4.1a = 105 cfm Whole-House ventilation. Infiltration Credit = Infiltration credit (Qinf) = 0.052 x CFM50 x S x wsf =.052 x 2000 x 1.44 x.61 = 91.35 cfm = 91 cfm Whole house ventilation requirements with using infiltration credit: Total calculated Infiltration credit = 105 91 = 14 cfm minimum required whole house ventilation. The standard allows for a alternative compliance which allows to calculate a deficit for local ventilation and add this to the whole house ventilation system. In this example we have a deficit of -100 cfm and -30 cfm (50-20=30) total 130 cfm. This deficit is divided by 4 (130/4=32.5cfm). This allowance is added to the (total calculated Infiltration credit) 32.5 + 14 = 46.5 cfm which is the require whole house and local ventilation rate. 48

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Calculator 49 1 2 http://www.residentialenergydynamics.com/redcalcfree/tools/ashrae6222013

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 Calculator 50 http://www.heyokasolutions.com/

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 SIR 51 Why air seal the home then install a ventilation system? How to estimate SIR when air sealing and installing a whole house ventilation system. SIR = First year energy cost / Install Cost of air sealing and ventilation system x Life Cycle First year energy cost includes = (Heating/Cooling load reduction from air sealing Whole-house ventilation load increase) (Electric Energy cost to run house-ventilation system) Life Cycle for air sealing and ventilation typically 15 years.

ASHRAE 62.2 2013 SIR Example: Using Advance Infiltration Calculator @ http://www.residentialenergydynamics.com/redcalcfree/tools/advancedinfiltration 5 52 1 3 4 2 $147 - $11.10 = $135.9 $135.9/ $2000 x 15 = SIR 1.02

53 Applying ASHRAE 62.2 2013 to NY HPwES Contractors must evaluate health and safety risks such as excessive mold, cigarette smoke and other such risks. In the presence of such risks contractor must either: Facilitate removal of pollutants; Discontinue or limit air sealing activities; Air seal in such a manner as to isolate the pollutants from the living space; or Install mechanical ventilation.

54 Applying ASHRAE 62.2 2013 to NY HPwES Contractor must offer the option of mechanical ventilation according to ASHRAE procedures. Customer must be educated in the effects of the mechanical ventilation approach, including any required maintenance, and be receptive to installation.

55 Applying ASHRAE 62.2 2013 to NY HPwES In all instances the contractor must prioritize air sealing activities that: Isolate attached garages from the conditions space Isolate unheated attics from the conditioned space. Isolate pollutants from the conditioned space Create air flow patterns that are conducive to fresh air distribution throughout the dwelling

56 Additional links mentioned during webinar CERV (Conditioning Energy Recovery Ventilator) Link: http://buildequinox.com/products/ The Energy Conservatory - Exhaust Fan Flow Meter Webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2ppzb0ao5s&featu re=youtu.be

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Upcoming Webinars 59 January 20 th 3pm Best Business Practices in HPwES February 17 th 3pm Blower Door Beyond the Basics; an in-depth look into blower door testing and guidance for airsealing

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