Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels for Residential Appliances EES&L 2 nd. Phase Energy Efficiency Standards for Electric Fans Eng. Khaled Zahran Sonesta Hotel-Cairo 09 Oct. 2013
Residential Sector Electric Consumption Share Electricity Consumption (2000/2001) Commercial 6.2% Governmental & Utility 15.3% Agriculture 4.1% ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2011/2012) Residential 36.8% Industry 37.6% Agriculture 4% Industry 31% Commercial& Other 8% Agriculture 4% Commercial& Other 8% ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (07/2008) Industry 35% Public Lights 5% Governmental 5% Utility 5% Residential 42% Public Lights 6% Total Electricity Consumption = 134 TWh Residential Sector consumption 56.7 TWh Governmental 5% Utility 4% Total Electricity Consumption = 106.6 TWh Residential Sector consumption 40.3 TWh Residential 38%
*Major Appliances air conditioner, freezer, refrigerator, washing machine, water heater, air Fan, TV, dishwasher, clothes dryer, kitchen electric hot plate, Electric furnace, microwave, and building circulating pump. *Small Appliances Grill, toaster, mixer, vacuum cleaner, DVD/MP3 player, HiFi & home cinema, telephone/answering machine, coffee maker, computer, laptop, printer, scanner, hair dryer, heater and iron
DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES APPLYING EES&L FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLIANCES Appliance Country Average Rated Power (Kw) Dishwasher 17 1000 1500 Televisions 16 40 300 COUNTRIES 18 17 16 14 12 16 15 14 13 13 Clothes Dryer 15 1200 2400 10 Air Fan 14 30 100 Microwave 13 600 1500 Electric Hot plate 13 1000 2000 Electric kettles 4 850 2200 8 6 4 2 0 4 4 Building Circulator Pumps 4 350 2500 The most common appliances have EES&L for the world: - Dishwasher - TV - Clothes dryer - Air fan Source: clasponline.org
Rated Power for Small appliances Small Appliance Watts Coffee maker 800 1200 Toaster 800-1500 Hot plate 1000 1200 Vacuum cleaner 1000-2000 Iron 1000-1500 Heater 750-3000 laptop 20-50 Desktop Computer 80-150 printer 100 Typewriter 80-200 CD player 35 Portable stereo 10-30 Satellite dish 30 Electric clock 3
SELECTING CRITERIA FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES A. Degree of saturation B. Share in energy consumption C. Growth rates D. Expected savings E. Operation during peak load period
DEGREE OF SATURATION FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 160% 150% 140% 120% 110% 100% 80% 60% 55% 40% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% Air Fan TV Kettle Dishwasher Microwave Electric Hot Plate Clothes dryer
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION SHARE OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES Refrigerator 23% Washing machine 13% Water Heater 9% TV 9% Air Condtioner 23% Others 7% Dishwasher 11% Fan 5%
EES&L-UNDP/GEF PHASE II DEDICATED WORK PLAN FOR SINGLE APPLIANCE Select the Targeted Appliance Survey International Related Standards Experiences Identify Selection Criteria Analyze Local Market and Identify the Dedicated Appliance Submit a Summarized Inception Report Develop EES for Selected Appliance Survey Dedicated Appliance's Manufactures (local manufacturers and importers) Review International EES and Customize Initial Nuclus Standard for the Dedicated Appliane Identify Stakeholders for Standards Committee Conduct Periodic Follow-up and Assessment Meetings (Applaince Technical Committee) Identify Appliance's Energy Efficiency Indicator for the Dedicated Applaince Progress Ongoing Activities Management Identify EE Testing Procedures for the Dedicated Appliance Determine Energy Consumption Levels for the Dedicated Applaince Prepare EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance Develop Final EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance Prepare for Final Workshop of EES&L and Wrap-up the Entire Project for the Selected Appliance(s) Identify Targeted Participants Prepare Formal Invitations and Workshop Agenda Prepare Technical Documents Submit Final Report Improving the Energy Efficiency of Lighting and Other Building Appliances-UNDP/GEF Phase II Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Appliances Dedicated Work Plan for Single Appliance Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
Growth rates for appliances 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% TV Air Fan Kettel Dishwasher Microwave Clothes dryer Electric Hot Plate The highest Growth rates for appliances: - TV - Air fan - Kettle - Dishwasher
Production Rate 1000 Units Air Fan Growth Rate 6000 5600 5000 4000 4000 3000 2500 2000 2000 1300 1000 0 2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010
APPLIANCES OPERATING LOADS IN PEAK LOAD PERIOD 100% 90% Peak Load Period 90% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 0% Air Fan TV Dishwasher Clothes dryer Kettle Microwave Electric Hot Plate
Main Selection Criteria for Electric Fan Fan energy use 60 watt Number of Residential Customers 20 million Electric Power Station 1.2 GW Equivalent to 5% from the thermal installed capacity Run-time fans located in the peak time for electric power consumption in the summer Annual energy consumption 1728 GWh/Year Air fans sales in 2010/2011 rose to 5.6 million fan represents about 340 MWh
ELECTRIC FANS, TYPES Ceiling Fans Air Flow: 3000-5000 m3/h Rated capacity: 60-100 W Floor Fans Air Flow: 2000-4500 m3/h Rated capacity: 50-70 W Table Fans Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W Window Fans Air Flow: 2000-4000 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W Fans mounted to poles or walls Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W
Energy Flow Through a Fan System A typical fan system consists of a motor, motor control, mechanical drive, and the fan. Power flows from left to right, with each component rejecting a portion of the input energy as a result of inefficiencies. Energy efficiency of each component is the ratio of the output power to the input power. The fan imparts energy to the air stream by converting mechanical power at the fan shaft to air power at the outlet. Some of the input energy is rejected due to aerodynamic losses, mechanical losses (e.g., bearings), and, to a much lesser extent, acoustic losses. The total efficiency of the fan is given by the ratio of air power to fan shaft power.
Egyptian Standard ELECTRIC CIRCULATING FANS AND REGULATORS Part : 1 (ES: 537-1/ 2011) PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS and CONSTRUCTION PART : 2 (ES: 537-2/ 2005) SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Air Fan International Standard For Minimum Energy Performance Standard Country Type Test Standards International India Ceiling Pedestal Table Ceiling Pedestal Table IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators IS 374:1979 IS 1169:1967 IS 555:1979 Sir Lanka Ceiling SLS 814:1988 Bangladesh Ceiling Pedestal Table BDS 818 BDS 843 BDS 844 Canada Ceiling CSA C 814-96-1998
Ceiling Fans Air Delivery Test (1) See IEC, IS, or SLSI test procedure for ceiling fans. (2) CSA specifies an omni-directional hot-wire anemometer; other standards require a vane type anemometer. The airflow measurement device needs to be accurate down to the lowest airflow that needs to be recorded (9.0 m/min.). (3) Typically needed in India if power is taken from the mains (utilities). (4) From IS: 374-1979 but similar to IEC test procedure. (5) IEC 51 Direct Acting Indicating Analogue electric measuring instruments and their accessories.
Accuracy of Measurement
Air Delivery Test Specifications
AIR FAN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60879 FOR MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators Scope This standard applies to the following types of electric motor directly driven fans and their associated regulators intended for use on single-phase AC and DC circuits not exceeding 250 V: a) Fans for household and similar purposes: ceiling type fans; table type fans; pedestal type fans. b) Fans for use in ships: deck-head type fans; cabin type fans. Wherever applicable the term "fan" used in this standard includes its associated regulator, if any. This standard does not apply to the following types of fans which are covered in separate standards: jet fans (see I E C Publication 535: Jet Fans and Regulators); ventilating fans (see I E C Publication 665: A.C. Electric Ventilating Fans and Regulators for Household and Similar Purposes). This standard does not apply to safety requirements for electric circulating fans and regulators, which are covered by IEC Publication 342: Safety Requirements for Electric Fans and Regulators
Air Fan Energy Performance Test Room Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating: the standard defines uniform methods for conducting laboratory tests on housed fans to determine airflow rate, pressure, power and efficiency, at a given speed of rotation. Energy Efficiency Factor airflow per watt of power consumed by the motor and controls of the fan. CFM/watt: Cubic Feet per Minute/watt measures air flow efficiency for fans; the higher number, the more efficient the unit.
Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Residential Ceiling Fans Minimum Efficacy Levels Airflow (cfm) Minimum Efficacy Level (cfm/w) Low At low speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 1,250 CFM* and an efficiency of 155 cfm/w. Medium At medium speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 3,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 100 cfm/w. High At high speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 5,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 75 cfm/w.
Taiwan Minimum Energy Performance Value for Comfort Fans (2002) Fan type Fan diameter (cm) Performance Ratio (m3/min/w) Performance Ratio (cfm/w) Stand Fans Ceiling Fans Table Fans 30 0.81 35 0.87 40 0.92 50 0.91 60 0.87 60 0.87 90 1.15 120 1.46 130 1.45 140 1.45 150 1.47 18 0.64 20 0.66 23 0.66 25 0.67 30 0.79 35 0.86 40 0.91 83 89 94 93 89 89 117 149 148 148 150 65 67 67 68 81 88 93
Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan Motor Size Fan motors are typically sized for quiet operation and long life, not for high efficiency. Motor efficiency generally increases with increasing motor load relative to motor size. If the motor is oversized, the fan operates less efficiently. Motor Quality There is considerable variation between the performance of standard and energy-efficient motors. Improved design, materials, and manufacturing techniques enable energyefficient motors to accomplish more work per unit of electricity consumed. Most ceiling fans motors are shaded pole induction motors less than 1/8 hp, the least efficient motor type used in household appliances. But even within this motor class there are many design decisions that can significantly affect motor efficiency. Fan Blade Design The weight and aerodynamic drag of the fan blades affect the load on the fan motor. Most fans use flat (angled) fan blades, and simply setting the angle of the blades correctly can result in higher operating efficiencies.
Follow; Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan Replacing conventional 1-phase induction motor with energy efficient 1-phase induction motor Higher efficiency compared to the conventional motor Rotor bars are made up of copper instead of aluminum Increase in copper Increase in Iron Higher Cost compared to conventional 1-ph. Induction Motor Example: 70 W input power can be reduce to 50-55 W. Replacing the conventional 1-phase induction motor with 1-phase /3-phase PMBL DC motor Higher efficiency compared to the energy efficient 1-phase induction motor at all the speeds Higher Motor Cost due to the presence of Magnet, Electronics and Sensors Small pay back period for the additional cost Difficulty in achieving the sensor less operation due to low operating speed Single phase PMBL DC motor should have a non-uniform air gap to achieve starting torque at all rotor positions. In case of fan with 1-ph. PMBL DC motor, when the fan is switched off, Jerky motion of rotor due to preferred parking position of the rotor.
India Star Labels Compared to Estimates of Potential Ceiling Fan Efficacy Efficiency Improvement Option % Reduction from Baseline Power Improved AC Induction Motor (A ) 36% BLDC Motor (B) 50% Efficient Blades (C) 15% A+C 45% B+C 57%