Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project (2006-2015) Trend - Setter: Sector Wide Decentralization Program for Improving Rural WSS Services Arvind Singh Hayanki, Secretary, Govt. of Uttarakhand, India S.K.Gupta, Chief General Manager, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Govt. of Uttarakhand, India Smita Misra, Lead Water & Sanitation Specialist, World Bank
Uttarakhand Introduction Project area : Uttarakhand A hilly State of India 10 million population (75% Rural) Baseline (2005) RWSS challenges 50% habitations with functioning water supply schemes 38% habitations had partial water supply 12% habitations had no water supply 80% households did not have access to sanitary latrines 2-3 hours spent by communities for collecting water Schemes designed and implemented by sector institutions, in traditional supply driven mode, without any role of communities in planning, execution and maintenance.
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization SWAP Program Global First SWAP Principle of subsidiarity Leveraging strength of Panchayati Raj Institutions and communities Back stopping agency for support services. State PMU/ UJN/UJS SWSM DDWS DIAs DWSC DWSM State Level District Level Legends: UWSSC: Users Water & Sanitation Sub Committee NGO: Non Government Organization DWSM: District Water & Sanitation Mission DIA: District Implementing Agency DDWS: Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation SWSM: State Water & Sanitation Mission UJN: Uttarakhand Jal Nigam UJS: Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan PMU: Project Management Unit Community UWSSC Gram Panchayat NGO Social Audit Committee Village Level Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d Ivoire 3 (29.11.2016 02.12.2016)
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization Program - Moving from Infrastructure Development to Service Delivery Approach Paradigm shift from target-based, supply-driven program to a demand-based approach where users get the service they want and are willing to pay for Agree-To-Do meeting for finalization of technological option Devolution of administrative, executive, and financial powers to PRIs, Adoption of the sector reform policies in RWSS sector State level and District level institutional support arrangements Establishment of SWAP cells within UJN and UJS Legality to the User Water & Sanitation Sub Committee (UWSSC)
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization Program Improving Design and Sustainability of RWSS Schemes Planning Unit: Habitation Legal Status to UWSSC Model Bye-laws for UWSSC Fine-tuning of SOs Selection Criteria Grievance Redressal Integrated delivery Social Audit Committee URWSSP Mobile App for real time data Elaborate Exit Strategy Web based M&E system Insurance of schemes Back Stopping agency Community Contracting MVS and SVS Capacity building of all stakeholders Careful planning and design of O&M completed during the planning and design phase; Sustainability starts at the planning phase Building Community capacity to manage - improving technical, procurement and financial management capacities Appropriate technology and availability of spare parts and private sector alternative for repairs.
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization Program: Sector Information, M&E System Integrated M&E Designhttp://swajalsis.uk.gov.in A web based comprehensive M&E/Sector Information System (SIS). Monitoring through latest social media tools The Facebook accounts, http://facebook.com/swajaluttarak hand and http://facebook.com/sbmuttarakh and A WhatsAppGroup to efficiently monitor the day-to-day progress of the project implementation in water and sanitation. Mobile-based application with geo-tagging and time-stamping, thus, capturing real-time data including photographs
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization - Monitoring and Social Accountability A Social Audit Committee at the GP level to: Ensure that all the committees (UWSSC/ Purchase Sub Committee) follow Procurement Manual; Report any violation or deviation of rules to GP; Monitor the adherence of project principles and rules in selection of beneficiaries; Oversee the implementation and O&M programs, and all decisions of UWSSC Display of description of Social Audit Committee
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization Results Evidence of Cost Effectiveness of Schemes Average project cost of Single Village Scheme (SVS) is Rs 4854 per capita compared to appraisal estimates of Rs 7031 per capita and GoI norm of Rs 12,000 per capita 30% cost savings compared to appraisal costs; 60% cost savings compared to GoI norms. Similarly, project cost for Multi Village Scheme (MVS) is Rs 7972 per capita compared to appraisal estimates of Rs 10320 per capita and GoI norm of Rs 25,000 per capita 22.5% cost savings compared to appraisal costs; 68% cost savings compared to GoI norms Decentralization has resulted in capital cost reduction in SVSs and MVSs.
Uttarakhand RWSS Decentralization Results Sustainability Evaluation of Technical, Institutional, Financial Aspects Uttarakhand RWSS Project Key Results at Project Closure (Dec 2015) Sustainability Evaluation Exercise: 90% schemes are sustainable based on technical (including source), financial and institutional aspects. Service Delivery 98% users reported satisfaction with the water & sanitation services 97% sources found sustainable. More than 90% usage of toilets constructed; 32% of villages achieved ODF status against project target of 30%. Institutional 99% of schemes have fully functioning User Water & Sanitation Committees as per decentralization program. Inclusion Strong gender focus; 36% women participation in the User Water & Sanitation Committees against project target of 30%. Financial Full O&M cost devolved to the Gram Panchayat, with 80% O&M cost recovery.
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