desde Plantacion a etapa Adulto Cuahtemoc Apple Growers Symposia Ing. Agr. A. Brooke Peterson Dale Peterson Orchards, Inc. Manson, Washington, USA

Poda y Manejo del Arbol desde Plantacion a etapa Adulto Cuahtemoc Apple Growers Symposia Ing. Agr. A. Brooke Peterson Dale Peterson Orchards, Inc. Manson, Washington, USA

1. Plantacion 2. Estblecimiento de la estructura 3. Llenado del volumen del arbol para obteiner fruta 4. Poda y Manejo del Arbol Adulto Fenologia del Arbol Manazana Distinct Episodes in the Life of an Apple Tree

Una Mala Poda es la forma rapida de perder el Arbol Bad Pruning is the quickest way to ruin a tree Making the wrong cut, Or not making the right (necessary cut) Corte de despunte Corte de raleo de ramas 1. Removes part of a shoot 1. Remove an entire shoot or branch 2. Stimulates side branching 2. Used to remove extra branches 3. Stiffen the remaining shoot 4. Delays fruiting

Balanciar la raiz con el tallo To Re-Establish Balance between the TOP of the tree and the BOTTOM Amount of Pruning Depends on: 1) Des Balance entre la raiz y tallo Imbalance between top and bottom 2) Fecha de plantar y las condiciones ambiantales Time of Planting & Planting Conditions 1. Poda de Plantacion Tree Planting: GOALS (of pruning)

Poda fuerte tanto como sea necesario Prune as aggressively as necessary Producion temprana no debe considerase Early fruit production is not a consideration El tipo de poda no es importante The type of pruning is not important (heading vs. thinning out cuts) 1. Consideraciones de Poda de Plantacion Tree Planting: Pruning Considerations

1. Poda de Plantacion Tree Planting: GOALS (of pruning)

Captura eficiente de la luz Efficient light interception (for growing region) 70% plus total light interception uniform light distribution/ penetration Coincidentes entre la variadad y portainjerto Agrees with the variety and rootstock Easy (simple) to manage (prune, thin, pick) Que sirva para estructuras mecanicas Mechanically aided (pruning or picking) 2. Establancimeinto de la Estructura del Arbol: Objectivos Establishing a Tree Structure: GOALS

Establecmiento del la madera frutal Establish a structure for bearing fruit (e.g. Central Leader, V-Trellis, Spindle, etc.) Poda todo lo que sea necesario Prune as much as needed (aggressively, if necessary) Fruit is not the #1 priority in this phase Los errores son para la toda la vida del Arbol Mistakes are for the life of the tree 2. Establecmiento de la Estructura del Arbol Establishing a Tree Structure: Pruning

2. Establecmiento de la Estructura del Arbol

3-6 Branches minimum Not too low! (above the knee) Evenly spaced around the central leader: - vertically and horizontally Establishing a Central Leader Tree Structure

Vista de Arriba Vista del lado Establishing a Central Leader Tree Structure

View- Top View- Side Establishing a Central Leader Tree Structure

3-6 Branches minimum Not too low! (above the knee) Evenly spaced around the central leader: - vertically and horizontally Uniform vigor- Not too strong, not too weak - not too strong a top branch (better the lowest branch on the upwind side of the tree) Establishing a Central Leader Tree Structure

Maintain & continue to grow the tree structure (e.g. Central Leader, V-Trellis, Spindle, etc.) Prune as little as possible 1. Pruning is dwarfing 2. Pruning delays fruiting Two Priorities (in order): 1. Obtain tree & orchard volume 2. Fruit 1Kg Fruit = 1 meter less growth Remove branches when they jeopardize the structural integrity of the tree 3. Filling Orchard Volume & Obtaining Fruit

Maintain weaker, shorter side branches 3. Filling Orchard Volume & Obtaining Fruit

The 1/2 to 2/3 s Rule: When temporary Branches are 1/2 to 2/3 s the diameter of the main branch (e.g. Central Leader) REMOVE IT. 3. Filling Orchard Volume & Obtaining Fruit

> 1/2 2/3 s

Mantenga la luz dentro la canopia del Arbol Maintain light throughout the canopy Renueve la madera frutal Renew Fruiting wood Mantenga equilbro el tope y la base Keep the top from out competing the bottom No poda mas que lo necesario Prune no more than necessary 4. Poda de Arboles Adultos Pruning the Mature Orchard

Si el arbol esta bien, es facil de podar.. Donde empiezo???? 4. Pruning the Mature Orchard: 1. Know what you are pruning: (Central Leader? Modified Leader, Tatura?) 2. Walk around the tree for a 360 degree view 3. Make the BIG CUTS FIRST 4. Remove obvious branches next (e.g. vertical suckers) 5. Decide what more to prune.

The 1/2 to 2/3 s Rule: When temporary Branches are 1/2 to 2/3 s the diameter of the main branch (e.g. Central Leader) REMOVE IT. 4. Pruning the Mature Orchard:

Use FEWER but BIGGER Cuts where strong regrowth is not wanted. 4. Pruning the Mature Orchard:

Maintain weaker, shorter side branches 4. Pruning the Mature Orchard:

Conclusions: Trees pass through 4 Phases in their lifetime Each phase has different pruning goals In each phase: 1. The type of pruning varies 2. The amount of pruning varies

Conclusions: Remember simple rules: Re-balance the top and bottom at planting 3-6 uniform branches 1/2 2/3/s rule for temporary branches Fewer, but bigger cuts where you don t want regrowth

Conclusions: Remember simple rules: Don t allow secondary branches to become primary branches Don t let the top of the tree out grow the bottom Have fun! Gracias!