Figure 23-1 Pressure-temperature curve for water

Figure 23-1 Pressure-temperature curve for water

Figure 23-2 Saturated refrigerant pressure temperature chart (Courtesy of Arkema Inc.)

Figure 23-3 Saturated R-134a at 40 F has a pressure of 35 psig (Courtesy of Arkema Inc.)

Figure 23-4 Saturated R-22 with a pressure of 43 psig has a temperature of 20 F (Courtesy of Arkema Inc.)

Figure 23-5 The saturation temperature of the evaporator and condenser can be determined using the pressure-temperature chart (Courtesy of Arkema Inc.)

Figure 23-6 Refrigerants listed by operating pressure

Figure 23-7 Refrigerant chemical families

Figure 23-8 Methane molecule

Figure 23-9 Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Figure 23-10 Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Figure 23-11 CFC-12 is based on the methane molecule

Figure 23-12 CFC refrigerants

Figure 23-13 HCFC-22 is based on the methane molecule

Figure 23-14 HCFC refrigerants

Figure 23-15 HFC 134a is based on the ethane molecule

Figure 23-16 HFC Refrigerants

Figure 23-17 R-410A is an example of a zeotropic refrigerant

Figure 23-18 Pressure-temperature chart for R-407C has columns for the temperature, bubble point, and dew point

Figure 23-19 Follow the instructions on the cylinder to ensure that R-410A leaves the cylinder as a liquid

Figure 23-20 Refrigerant safety classification

Figure 23-21 Layers of the earth s atmosphere

Figure 23-22 The ozone layer is inside the stratosphere (NASA)

Figure 23-23 Ozone contains three oxygen atoms, while the standard oxygen molecule contains two oxygens

Figure 23-24 Stages of ozone depletion caused by a CFC = 12 molecule

Figure 23-25 Classes of ozone depleting substances

Figure 23-26 Illustration of the greenhouse effect and global warming (NASA)

Figure 23-27 Comparison of both ozone depletion potential and global warming potential for several halogenated refrigerants (From Refrigerant Data Summary, by J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, as appeared in Engineered Systems, 18(11):74 88, November 2001.Copyright 2007 Games M. Calm.) (Reproduced with permission of J. M. Calm)

Figure 23-28 Comparison of tetrafuoroethane isomers 134 and 134a

Figure 23-29 Refrigerant and oil compatability

Figure 23-30 Refrigerant cylinders (Courtesy National Refrigerants, Inc.)

Figure 23-31 Non-refillable refrigerant cylinder

Figure 23-32 Non-refillable cylinders have a check valve in the stem to prevent flow back into the cylinder

Figure 23-33 The penalty for refilling and transporting a nonrefillable cylinder is a $500,000 fine and/or 5 years imprisonment

Figure 23-34 Pressure ratings of DOT 39 cylinders

Figure 23-35 Frangible disk on non-refillable DOT 39 cylinder

Figure 23-36 Flow limiting orifice on the inside of the cylinder underneath the frangible disk

Figure 23-37 123 lb water capacity refillable refrigerant cylinder (Image Courtesy of Manchester Tank)

Figure 23-38 This specification shows that the service pressure for this recovery cylinder is 350 psig

Figure 23-39 Safety relief valve on recovery cylinder

Figure 23-40 This recovery cylinder can hold 47.7 lbs of water

Figure 23-41 This recovery cylinder weighs 28.1 lb when ready

Figure 23-42 This recovery cylinder was manufactured July 1998

Figure 23-43 This 5 + 5 cylinder was manufactured in March 1997, retested in March 2002, and the last permissible refill date was March 2007

Figure 23-44 The suggested refrigerant cylinder colors in Guideline K

Figure 23-45 Recovery cylinders are gray with a yellow top (Courtesy National Refrigerants, Inc.)

Figure 23-46 This chart shows the rapid rise in cylinder pressure when completely filled with liquid (Courtesy of RSES)