INTD 301 FURNITURE & FITTINGS Topic: Neoclassicism PREPARED BY: JOSHIMA V.M., UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA, OMAN

INTD 301 FURNITURE & FITTINGS Topic: Neoclassicism PREPARED BY: JOSHIMA V.M., UNIVERSITY OF NIZWA, OMAN

Neoclassical Furniture was a reaction against the Rococo. In favor of classicism, it was a movement that began while the rococo was still at its height. Neoclassicism was the first conscious effort to revive a style, rather than to use elements of a past style as inspiration for new designs. To suit 18thcentury taste, however, they adapted the ancient models by scaling down the ornament to a delicacy that appealed to those bored with the rococo.

Neoclassicism covers the furniture styles that became important in the later 18 th century. France Louis XVI The Directoire The Empire England Adam Hepplewhite Sheraton Neoclassicism

Style during the mid 18 th century. Relatively small furniture Oval backrest started appearing Simpler, less ornate furniture design. The most typical feature is the round tapering fluted leg. France- Louis XVI

Patera: Painted porcelain plates were used for decorative purposes. Round or Oval ornaments resembling a disc. France- Louis XVI

Festoon: length of flowers or leaves linked together or ribbons hanging in loops. Gadroon: repetitive marks or carved work in furniture.

Canape sofa Angel Bed bed with a canopy attached to a wall Alcove Bed bed in a niche on the wall New Types of furniture

Empire style furniture were popular during Napoleon s ruling period. Monumentality was emphasized rather than human scale furniture. Grand scale Plinth base to keep furniture Rectilinear forms. French Empire Style

Ornamentation was mainly bronze and ormolu. Swan motifs. initial N within a crown of laurels Figures, columns and pilasters at the corners of cupboards. French Empire Style

Swan motifs Initial N within laurels

During the neoclassical period England brought out its own style. Characteristics: Moderate decorations Simplicity of line Use of line to reinforce the visual structure of furniture 3 cabinet making schools created distinctive styles Adam brothers George Hepplewhite Thomas Sheraton England

Adam Hepplewhite Sheraton

This style was rather disjointed with a combination of contradictory aesthetics. This followed no significant pattern. Elements of different styles were mixed. Proportions and decorative motifs were modified. Relatively out of proportion Heavily carved Use of cabriole legs Tufted upholstery England-Victorian Style

Pressed cardboard was popularized. To make forms that would have been difficult to make in wood. This was used on the chair backs, bed boards, panels etc.

Victorian Chairs

Victorian Tufted Chairs

Victorian Balloon Chairs

Victorian Tufted Love Seat Victorian Triple Back Sofa

Victorian Cameo Back Sofa Victorian Butterfly Sofa

History of Modern Furniture

Modern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Simplicity and geometry of polished metal with visual light forms were the main character of modern furniture. Modern furniture

The use of new materials, such as steel in its many forms; molded plywood, and plastics, were formative in the creation of these new designs. New materials

Marcel Breuer's Wassily Chair Iconic designs

This is one of the most iconic furniture designs of all times. The Wassily Chair also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925-26 while he was the head of the cabinetmaking workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. The design of the chair is most interesting in that it is a symmetrical composition of thin, geometric planes that appears to be suspended in space. This was achieved by the use of tubular steel members and minimalist leather strap. Marcel Breuer's Wassily Chair

Eileen Gray side table

Designed in 1927 as a bedside table for the guest room in E-1027, in the home she designed for herself in Cap Martin, France. The asymmetry of this piece is characteristic feature. Notably, this piece also has specific utility, as it can be adjusted such that one can eat breakfast in bed on it. Made of Steel tubes and Glass. Eileen Gray Side Table

Barcelona chair

The Barcelona Chair has come to represent the Bauhaus design movement. Many consider it to be functional art, rather than just furniture. Designed by Mies Van Der Rohe and Lilly Reich in 1929 for an international design fair in Barcelona. Inspired by both the folding chairs of the Egyptian Pharaos, and the 'X' shaped footstools of the Romans, and dedicated to the Spanish royal family. The Barcelona Chair and its matching ottoman are completely handcrafted from leather with a hand-buffed steel frame. In 1953, Mies van der Rohe sold the manufacturing rights to Knoll. Barcelona chair

Noguchi coffee table

Noguchi table was designed by Isamu Noguchi. The table s balance of aesthetics and functionality has made it an icon of modern furniture ever since it s creation in 1948. The table has become famous for its unique and unmistakable simplicity. It is refined and at the same time natural, it is one of the most sought after pieces associated with the modern classic furniture movement. Made with one piece of freeform glass, two perfectly and delicately balanced pieces of wood. Noguchi coffee table

The Tulip Chair by Eero Saarinen

The Tulip Chair was designed in 1957. The chair features a single leg which is made from fiberglassreinforced resin. Base is cast aluminum painted in white. Saarinen wanted to reduce the slum of legs under the tables and chair with four legs. The design of the chair is, in some ways, are customizable. The chair itself is available in either black or white, with optional arms, and it also features an optional cushion that comes in many different colors. Even today, it remains one of the most popular items in modern furniture stores. The Tulip Chair by Eero Saarinen

The Bauhaus, founded in 1919 in Weimar, Germany, by the architect Walter Gropius, was a comprehensive school of art and architecture that proved to be one of the most influential forces in the development of 20thcentury art. Classic contemporary furniture, still being manufactured, was designed by its most renowned architects, Marcel Breuer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The aim of both architects was to devise aesthetically pleasing furniture for mass production. Bauhaus Furniture

Marcel Breuer s much-imitated cantilevered side chair, of steel tubing with wood-framed cane seat and back panels, in 1928.

Some of the most widely admired contemporary furniture originated in Scandinavia, especially in the years following World War II (1939-1945). Two famous designers are the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto and the Danish designer Arne Jacobsen created laminated wood furniture of exquisite proportions and eminent practicality for mass manufacture. Scandinavian Furniture

Arne Jacobson Keen sense of proportion and unusual talent for design. " The Number Seven Chair Easy chair was manufactured in more than 5 million copies The "Swan" and the "Egg", stand out as organic sculptures

Easy Chair Ant Chair Swan Chair and Sofa

Egg Chair

Giraffe Chair Lamps Drop Chair Pot Chair

Alvar Aalto Modern designer and architect Invented laminated plywood that would allow wood to be bent. His major furniture design is Paimio Chair Paimio Chair made of laminated plywood

Bent wood chair and bar stools Tea trolley

Lighting design Savoy vase