Cultural Heritage Sustainable Development Goal for the UN Christer Gustafsson Professor in Conservation, Uppsala University Member of the expert group for Cultural Heritage and UN SDGs Secretary-General ICOMOS Scientific Committee on Economics of Conservation
Policy Context International Level
UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world s cultural and natural heritage 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities 11.8 Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning 11.9 By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels 11.10 Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
UN SDG 11.4 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world s cultural and natural heritage
UN Conference on Human Environment 1972, Stockholm Stockholm Declaration 7 proclamations and 26 principles Safeguarding of the natural environment Social issues (colonialism and oppression) UN Environment Program (UNEP)
World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development UNEP, 1980 Document created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Apparently the first international document to use the term Sustainable Development. The report was commissioned by UNEP
Our Common Future The Brundtland Report, 1987 The World Commission on Environment and Development 1983-87, chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Three pillars of Sustainable development: Environmental Social Economic
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1988 An association of scientists dedicated to analysing and summarizing current research on anthropogenic climate change Assessment reports on the role humans have played in changing the planet s climate, primarily through the emission of greenhouse gases
Rio Earth Summit Rio de Janeiro, 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development Rio Earth Summit Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Framework Convention on Climate Change Agenda 21 Detailed framework for implementing sustainable development
Kyoto Protocol, 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Environmental treaty which stipulates that developed countries reduce GHG emissions in an effort to curb anthropologic climate change Established new emissions trading systems and credits for countries that finance emissions reduction programs in the developing world
UN Millennium Development Goals and Beyond 2015, 2000 To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger To achieve universal primary education To promote gender equality and empower women To reduce child mortality To improve maternal health To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases To ensure environmental sustainability To develop a global partnership for development
World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002 Earth Summit 2002 Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development 10 year reunion for the Rio Earth Summit The US, led by President George W. Bush boycotted the summit 100 initiatives nominated to the World s best projects Bridging the brown agenda to the green Two cultural heritage projects
The Halland Model in Sweden 100 historic buildings conserved 1,200 new jobs in the construction industry One third of all construction workers trained in traditional techniques 235 new jobs on improved premises
Halland Model in the Baltic Sea Region Local sustainable development Conservation and adaptive re-use of 35 historic buildings in Poland
Halland Model in the Baltic Sea Region Enforced financing conservation projects by 300 million euros Proposal for a new cultural heritage law in Russia
UN Climate Change Conference Copenhagen, 2009 Disastrous climate change conference beset by strong disagreements about how to reduce GHG emissions No agreements or meaningful plan of actions was adopted
UN Climate Change Conference Paris Agreement accepted by all 196 national delegations Paris, 2015 Limit global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius National economies net zero by second half of the century
Venice Charter 1965 Charter of Venice for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, 1964. Revision of the 1931 Athens Charter The aim is to safeguard monuments both as work of art and as historic evidence. Support the use of modern techniques, emphasised the authenticity based on material and documentary evidence, and extended the concept of historic monuments to include urban and rural settings. The principal doctrine document of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) 1965
(same year as the Stockholm Summit) World Heritage Convention UNESCO, 1972 The words sustainability and conservation did not feature preeminently in either of these initiatives at the time - the emphasis was on environment and on protection One world Outstanding Universal Value National effective and active measures for the protection, conservation and presentation
European Charter of the Architectural Heritage 1975 The Council of Europe Promoted the concept of integrated conservation Functional and social diversity in historic areas Sweden: Cultural policy 1974 Decentralisation Regional institutions Spatial National Planning Strategy 1973
Our Creative Diversity 1996 Report of the World Commission on Culture and Development, president Javier Pérez de Cuéllar New Global Ethics A Commitment to Pluralism Creativity and Empowerment Challenges of a Media-Rich World Gender and Culture Children and Young People Culture and Environment Rethinking Cultural Policies Research Needs
Burra Charter, 1999 To provide guidance for conservation and management of places of cultural significance Landscapes modified by human activities The importance of understanding and safeguarding significance in ways that encapsulate a place s aesthetic, historic, scientific and spiritual values: from past, in the present and for the future Permits alterations on condition that they are considered both temporary and reversible The best conservation often involves the least work and can be inexpensive
UNESCO UNESCO has been at the forefront of exploring and managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage. Report on Predicting and Managing the Effects of Climate Change on World Heritage (2007) Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage, and a Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties (2008). Practical guide to Climate Change Adaptation for Natural World Heritage Sites (2014) and continues to build the capacity of site managers to deal with climate change.
Historic Urban Landscape, 2011 Urban heritage, including its tangible and intangible components, constitutes a key resource in enhancing the liveability of urban areas, and fosters economic development and social cohesion in a changing global environment. As the future of humanity hinges on the effective planning and management of resources, conservation has become a strategy to achieve a balance between urban growth and quality of life on a sustainable basis. The aim is to integrate policies or conservation approaches into the wider goal of urban development in respect of the inherited values and traditions of wider cultural contexts. It also includes the social and cultural practices and values, human activities as well as economic processes, the unique characteristics of any one place and the intangible dimensions of heritage as related to diversity and identity, all of which establish the basic role of the city as an agent for communal growth and development.
Reduce, re-use and recycle The 3 Rs of non-renewable resource and waste management form an essential part of the coincidence between conservation and sustainability Historic environment should no longer be perceived in limited cultural terms. The rationale for a conservationist approach is greatly enhanced when the cultural significance is allied to its environmental capital Reorientation of the activity focused on new development that is additive and complementary, and significantly increased emphasis on maintaining, re-using, adapting, and enhancing the existing built stock and infrastructure. Rodwell, 2007
Habitat III UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Major global summit Global political commitment to the sustainable development of towns, cities and other human settlements 200 national governments that make up the UN General Assembly Sweden in particular financed several preparatory meetings The outcome: the New Urban Agenda
New Urban Agenda Guide the efforts around urbanization of a wide range of actors nation states, city and regional leaders, international development funders, United Nations programmes and civil society for the next 20 years. Inevitably, this agenda will also lay the groundwork for policies and approaches that will extend, and impact, far into the future. UN SDG 11 make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
New Urban Agenda Half of humanity 3.5 billion people lives in cities today By 2030, almost 60 per cent of the world s population will live in urban areas 95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing world 828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising The world s cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth s land, but account for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption
the 10 political priorities of Juncker Commission
the 10 political priorities of Juncker Commission
INCLUSIVENESS SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION
SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGIES
EU: Smart specialisation strategies Innovation-driven development strategy Each region s strength and competitive advantage. Region s assets and the capability to learn Competitive advantage and identity where clusters should be nurtured. Avoid waste of duplication creation of more diversity among regions. Regional Policy contributing to smart growth in Europe 2020 (European Commission)
Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe The European Commission s 2014 Communication Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe underlined the importance of maximising the intrinsic, economic, and societal value of cultural heritage, in order to promote cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue.
Getting Cultural Heritage to Work The agenda for cultural heritage research and innovation cultural heritage is understood as a production factor for Europe An important resource for innovation, social inclusion and sustainability. Focus is on adaptive re-use of historic buildings and places The key-word conservation has often been replaced by transmission. http://ec.europa.eu/culture/news/2015/0427-heritage-2020_en.htm
The overall objective is to develop new models for cultural heritage policies with a view to integrating them in smart specialisation strategies, in order for cultural heritage to better express its potential as driver and enabler for sustainable and cohesive growth at local/regional levels.
Objectives for the Swedish Cultural Heritage Sector - A sustainable society with a diversity of cultural environments that are preserved, used and developed
Coordination Meeting on the SDGs Istanbul, 2017 ICOMOS Concept Note titled Cultural Heritage, the UN Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs], and the New Urban Agenda argues for the positive integration of culture and cultural heritage into urban development plans and policies as a way to enhance sustainability of urban areas through heritage, in the context of Agenda 2030/ SDGs.
the Role of Heritage within UN SDG Cultural heritage as enabler of social cohesion and inclusion (e.g. shared identity; pride in and attachment to place; integration of migrants, new residents and existing ones; historic public spaces; mixed uses). Cultural heritage and creativity as a driver for equity and inclusive economic development in the urban economy (e.g. heritage places as incubators of creativity, cultural capital, intangible heritage, sustainable tourism). Cultural heritage and historic quarters of cities can improve liveability, resilience and sustainability of both older and new urban areas (e.g. walkability and compactness, adaptive re-use of existing built fabric, embodiment of traditional knowledge, proven models of resilience for new urban settlements).
The vision The recognition, mainstreaming and effective contribution of cultural heritage as a driver and enabler of sustainable development in the process of implementing the United Nations Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals. http://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/involvement-in-international-conventions/un-sustainabledevelopment-goals-2
The mission To achieve a coordinated and effective process of advocacy for the localization and monitoring of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and UN- Habitat s New Urban Agenda, from the perspective of cultural heritage, focusing on Target 11.4 to strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world s cultural and natural heritage to make our cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, within the framework of the ICOMOS mandate and through collaboration with strategic partners.
Monitoring implementation Relationship of culture and nature (linking nature and culture in urban environments; uniting landscape approaches such as cultural, agricultural, historic urban landscape, connections between urban and rural) Intangible heritage and local knowledge; cultural diversity Education and capacity building Governance and rights Integration of heritage in urban planning tools and discourses
Indicators Expenditure per capita on heritage (UN) - the UNESCO Culture for Development Indicators / CDIS (Diversity of Cultural Expressions - Number of registered heritage sites (incl. sites in danger and sites newly registered) Capacity building activities (education and training) Effective participation and inclusion of NGO s Employment (incl. type of job, share of heritage in GDP) Positive effect of heritage on ecological balance, social equity and economic vitality in cities and regions
Smart, Inclusive and Sustainable Development
Smart, Inclusive and Sustainable Development Dynamic management of changes
Smart, Inclusive and Sustainable Development Dynamic management of changes Innovative and adaptive re-use
Smart, inclusive and Sustainable Development Cultural heritagedriven growth Dynamic management of changes Innovative and adaptive re-use
Grazie mille + 46 701 91 46 26 christer.gustafsson@konstvet.uu.se