Update on Refrigerant Blends 11 th Annual Financial Agent Workshop The World Bank 26-27 27 March 2007 Steven R. Szymurski Director of Research Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
About ARI www.ari.org North American trade association of HVAC&R equipment manufacturers 90% of North American produced central air conditioning and commercial refrigeration products ~200 companies are members
Outline Standards and References for Refrigerant blends Designation and safety classification Purity Containment and Reclamation of Refrigerant Blends
Refrigerant Standards & Publications Standards for Refrigerant Numbering System o ASHRAE Standard 34 o ISO 817 Refrigerant Purity Specifications o ARI Standard 700 o ARI Standard 700 Appendix C
ASHRAE Standard 34-2004 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants Tables 1 and 2 assign numbers and safety classification to refrigerants and refrigerant blends Standard does not provide guidance on which refrigerants are appropriate for what applications
ISO 817 Refrigerants Designation System Mirrors the refrigerant numbering of ASHRAE Standard 34 Currently only includes designations not safety classifications Revisions in Committee Draft (CD) to incorporate safety classification
Blend Designations ASHRAE 34 and ISO 817 Zeotropic Blends assigned 400-series numbers Azeotropic Blends assigned 500-series numbers Numbers are sequentially assigned for combination of specific compositions of the blend Letters are assign to distinguish blends with the same components but at different weight percentages
ASHRAE 34 Safety Classification Groups Safety Group Higher Flammability Lower Flammability No Flame Propagation A3 A2 A1 Lower Toxicity B3 B2 B1 Higher Toxicity
ARI Standard 700 Specification for purity of refrigerants Free download from ARI website: www.ari.org/std/standards.html
ARI 700 Appendix C Test procedures for refrigerant purity Free download from ARI website: www.ari.org/std/standards.html
Why Blends? Match properties of current refrigerants for retrofit in existing systems Development of more efficient or more economical refrigerants often requires new equipment designs
Blends Zeotropic vs. Azeotropic Blends Issues for Zeotropic Blends o o Fractionation Temperature Glide General Issues with Blends o o o o Poorer performer than refrigerants they replace Few, if any, are true drop-in replacements Incompatible lubricants Reclamation & Destruction
Refrigerants Building Blocks for Blends CFC HCFC HFC HC and Others R-11 R-12 R-114 R-115 R-22 R-123 R-124 R-142b R-32 R-116 R-125 R-134a R-143a R-152a R-218 R-227ea R-236ef R-245fa R-50 (methane) R-190 (ethane) R-290 (Propane) R-600 (butane) R-600a (isobutane) R-601 (pentane) R-601a (isopentane( isopentane) R-1150 (ethylene) R-1270 (propylene) R-717 (ammonia) R-744 (carbon dioxide)
CFC Blends wi Class I ODS R-400 R-500 R-501 R-502 R-503* R-504* R-505* R-506* HCFC Blends Class II ODS R-401A, R-401B, R R-401C R-402A, R-402BR R-403A, R-403BR R-405A* R-406A R-408A R-409A, R-409BR R-411A, R-411BR R-412A R-414A, R414B R-415A, R415B R-416A R-418A R-420A R-509A Non-ODS Blends R-404A R-407A, R-407B, R R-407C, R-407D, R-407ER R-410A,, R-410BR R-413A R-417A R-419A R-421A, R-421BR R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R R-422D R-423A R-424A R-425A R-426A*, R-427A*, R R-428A* R R-507A R-508A, R-508BR
UNEP RTOC 2006 Assessment 2006 Assessment - Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) Identifies options for various applications! Table 2-12 1 pulls together information on refrigerants from a number of sources including ASHRAE 34, safety classification and additional safety information, and environmental data; atmospheric life, ozone depleting potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). Free download from UNEP website http://ozone.unep.org/teap/reports/rtoc/rtoc_assessment_report06.pdf.pdf
Refrigerant Containment and Reclamation ARI Responsible Use Initiative (RUI) Refrigerant Management USA
ARI Responsible Use Initiative Responsible Use Guide for Manufacturing Facilities Revision of ASHRAE Standard 147 Regulatory Actions Refrigerant Management USA
Responsible Use Guide Responsible Use Guide for Manufacturing Facilities Now endorsed by EPA ASHRAE ICARMA HRAI Australian Fluorocarbon Council The Alliance for Responsible Environmental Policy
ASHRAE Standard 147, Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants Facilitated by ARI Currently reviewing maximum leak rates Issue being addressed by ARI product sections
Refrigerant Containment and Reclamation Regulatory Actions Advocate strengthening US Clean Air Act Section 608 to include HFCs Encourage use of NATE certified HVAC&R technicians
Refrigerant Management USA Provide financial incentive for reclaim and destruction of refrigerants Create independent organization to administer program Incentives to reclaim/destroy refrigerants Levy on production and import of refrigerants Incentives paid from levies to reclaimer Incentives passed along by the reclaimer to the value chain
Questions? ARI 4100 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 200 Arlington, VA 22203 703-524 524-8800 www.ari.org www.arti-research.org research.org