Change, change, change: New standards for better plants February 11, 2015 Kyle Daniel Nursery and Landscape Outreach Specialist Purdue University www.hort.purdue.edu/greenindustry
ClassicPics
Agenda Why Standards History of the American Standard for Nursery Stock BIG takeaways from the new standards Summary
Where to find the standards? http://americanhort.org/americanhort/shop/nurser y_stock_standard/americanhort/knowledge_center /nursery_stock_standard.aspx?hkey=fc97da05 5d87 4131 9340 c4bce8c9420b http://americanhort.org/documents/ansi_nursery _Stock_Standards_AmericanHort_2014.pdf
Why Standards? Common terminology Size Descriptions High quality products End user and industry expectations Reduce spread of pests
What the Nursery Standards Cover Deciduous shade and flowering trees Deciduous shrubs Coniferous and broad leaved evergreens Roses Vines and ground covers Fruit trees and small fruit Liners Seedlings Bulbs, corms, tubers
Applies to: Balled and burlap Ball Potted Why Standards?
History of the American Standard for Nursery Stock
ANSI American National Standards Institute Mission To enhance both the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the U.S. quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding their integrity. Founded 1918
AAN= ANLA now ANLA + OFA= AmericanHort
American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.1) Standardized system to describe and size plants In 1949, used ANSI procedures to develop the list Revised periodically 2014 update included input from: Societies Associations Companies Individuals Government agencies Reason was to have evidence of industry consensus
American Standard for Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.1) 1921 1923 Committee on Standards First edition of Horticultural Standards published 1949 2014 American Standards Association (ANSI) Updates after First update since 2005 Approved April, 14, 2014
Price Nursery, Plymouth, IN Prater, Leland J. Weeding red pine seed beds at Cass Lake, North Carolina. Forest History Society. August 12, 1940. Carter, Paul S. Artisit J. Sparks sketching CCC boys at Beal Nursery, Michigan. September, 1934. Vick s and Sons. Vick s Garden and Floral Guide. 1907. Lewis, Perle. CCC planting crew, North Carolina. Forest History Society. June 8, 1939.
Then and Now
Notable Changes
New General Standards Section
New General Standards Section
General Standards Section 1.1 Required Specifications Plant size Container size Incomplete specs for containers Unclassified containers Relation of container classes with imperial volumes Small plant containers ( SP ) Dimension measurements for containers Shearing designation spec for evergreens Natural, semi sheared, sheared, altered
General Standards Section Methods of measurement (1.2) Measuring caliper Measuring height and spread
(Continued) General application
(Continued) Height measurement shrubs and evergreens
(Continued) Required specs for trees with multiple trunks Desired form Height, minimum # of stems, caliper, method of caliper measurement Method of caliper measurement
Minimum requirements for all nursery stock (1.3) Correct identification requirement All nursery stock transacted within the terms of the standard shall be correctly identified by genus, species, and, if applicable, cultivar. Minimum quality requirement All nursery stock transacted within the terms of the standard shall, at time of shipment, be substantially free of damaging insects and diseases, in good living condition, and typical in habit for the species in the region of the country in which it is grown.
(Continued) Co dominant stems type 1 and type 2 shade trees
(Continued) Pruning cuts to correct injury, damage, or branching structure Plants not grown in the nursery Collected plants Plantation grown plants Optional measurement specs Lowest branch height for street trees Pruned or trained plants for other uses Optional transplanting or root pruning specs This approach is intended to assist those members of the trade who recognize the value of enhanced cultural practices in the nursery industry
Root ball requirements for field grown nursery stock (1.5) Root ball diameters Ball sizes should always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. Plant in center of root ball Root ball depths Burlapping Ball supporting devices Use of digging machines recognized
Container grown root systems (1.6) General requirement for container grown root systems Container grown nursery stock shall have a well established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball, but shall not have excessive root growth encircling the inside of the container.
(continued) Containers that encourage or manipulate root growth recognized It is recognized that containers with holes or made of fabric as a method of aeration to prune roots, or with coatings to prevent roots from reaching the sides of the container, or shaped to train roots to grow vertically rather than encircle the container, are acceptable in trade. Box grown In ground fabric bag sizes
What is air root pruning? Air root pruning is the dessication (drying out) of root tips to stimulate lateral (2 o, 3 o, etc.) branching of roots Goal is to make a more fibrous root system without root deformations Lateral roots are the main framework for the development of fine roots, the amount of which is related to tree growth (Nambiar 1984;Theodorou and Bowen 1993; Gautam et al. 2003a).
Benefits of Air Pruning Containers More fibrous root system Water and nutrients Transplant Shock Establishment Proper root architecture Girdling roots J Root Spiral Pot bound Etc., Etc., Etc.
Picture by Rootmaker: www.rootmaker.com/imagesclick/propagation1.jpg
Differences in types Slits on sides Opened bottom Step down shape Fabric Bio pots
Updated and More Informative Tables
General Standards Clarification of measuring caliper Correct identification requirements Minimum quality requirements Co dominant stems of type 1 and 2 shade trees don t meet minimum quality Root ball diameters definition New requirements for container grown root systems Root pruning/manipulation containers recogzined Updated and more informative tables Summary
References AmericanHort www.hortidaily.com Quinn, W. 2014. Production Playbook. Nursery Management. http://www.nurserymag.com/nm0514 production playbook updates.aspx. Last accessed 2/10/15.
Questions Social Media www.facebook.com/purdueuniversitynurseryandlandsc apeextension @purduenle www.hort.purdue.edu/greenindustry 765 494 7621 daniel38@purdue.edu