Lighting Existing Conditions and Design Criteria Report Brian Regan Ltg./Elect. Virginia Historical Society 10/8/03 Executive Summary The existing lighting conditions and design criteria report describes the existing lighting systems and all existing lighting hardware with in the spaces I chose for my thesis. The spaces I have chosen are in order as in the report as follows. For the exterior I plan to develop a lighting plan for the east and south facades. Inside the building the transition spaces to the auditorium are all interlinked with lighting and controls, so I chose to use most of the ground floor for my circulation space. The auditorium is my special purpose space, the education room is the large work space, and I ve added the conference room as a small work space. In the report renderings using AGI32, sketches, and electrical floor plans are utilized to describe the overall lighting concept currently used in the spaces chosen for my thesis. To describe the space five major lighting categories are described in detail: the luminaries, the daylighting within the space, the space properties, the furnishings, and the design criteria for the space. Also added for each room is a critique on the design for each room. For this report I used the IESNA lighting handbook and ANSI/ASRAE 90.1 Standards, and the specification sheets provided by Girard Engineering for most of the information gathered. The result of the report is an understanding of how the lighting plan is designed and what changes could be made to improve the existing design.
Exterior: Luminaire: none Space Properties: Along the south façade there is a 5ft. wide sidewalk beside the 13ft. wide roadway entrance into the parking lot. On the east façade a limestone walk way covers the majority of exterior space. The limestone veneer covers most of the addition s façade. On the east side the addition is attached to the existing building with a set of 7ft. wide from ground to roof glazi ng for the trans ition to the more mod ern desig n of the new building. After the glazing there is a section of the building that begins to peel the vernacular design of an historical museum, and then there is another set of glazing 6ft. wide, and finally the last section which wraps half of the south façade becomes a smooth consistent limestone veneer shedding all exterior properties of the existing building. Half of the south façade becomes aluminum panels and this section sits on top of the first floor that is covered with glazing
leading to an extended porch. This section extends out farther than the first floor becoming a cover for the patio supported by exterior aluminum columns. The south entrance with vertical glazing also serves as a transition. Design Criteria: The main concentration of the exterior lighting will be on decorating and illuminating the building envelope and lighting the entrances. All exterior fixtures decorating the buildings exterior are should be controlled by a timing or photosensor switch to only be used when daylight is unavailable. All ground lumianires that operate over 100W should have lamps with a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/w. The windows are on the second floor so the ground lighting should not glare into unwanted areas. The exterior must have a maximum of.25 W/ft² for illuminating the building s façade. Each building entrance should have at most 33 W per linear foot of door width. The exterior luminance ratio along the façade should not exceed 20:1. Walkway and ground lighting will be used where high traffic areas occur. Since the area will be mostly dark and the building has a medium light limestone façade the target vertical illuminance is 30 lux. Circulation Space: Vestibule-Foyer-Lobby-Prefunction Space-Corridor- Coat Room
Vestibule: Luminaire: Type 1: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The luminaire is an emergency lighting fixture using an entry station switch. Day Lighting: The entrance door is tempered safety glass framed with aluminum, and is encased with more insulated windows framed with aluminum. The entrance is also south facing therefore all of the vestibule will be covered with daylight. Space Properties: The west wall is existing limestone, and the east wall is new limestone. The south exterior wall is all glass, and the north wall is glass. The ceiling is gypsum panels. The floor is concrete with rubber matting. I m going to assume the limestone reflectance to be 10%, and the glass transmittance to be 64.7%. Furnishings: The west wall is too detail with decorated paneling for any maps or pictures, but for the east wall it is possible to place signs or maps. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 0.7 Watts/sqft. with and additional 1.0 W/sqft. for decorative lighting Illumininance Levels: 3 footcandles The lighting in all transitional spaces should be controlled by a timing device controlling the amount of fixtures in use for minimum power consumption when there are fewer occupants within the building. The vestibule will be controlled by a high frequency dimming ballast to allow occupants eye s to
adapt comfortably while entering and leaving the building with the different changes of the daylight. The lamps within both spaces shall be controlled by a photosensor to adjust the power consumption of the ballast. To minimize direct glare from the daylight the luminance should not exceed 10,000 cd/m² or be more than 100 times those of the surrounding areas. Throughout the transitional spaces within the museum the modeling of faces is important. The vertical illuminance and horizontal illuminance must be considered to be able to properly identify people. Diffuse light with average surface reflection will provide adequate illuminance. Lighting Critique: The lighting for entrance is simple and satisfactory for tasks needed. The space is small so there isn t much room for change. I don t consider it important to change the lighting specifically for this room, but the new luminaire will be one that exists throughout the new design.
Vestibule Renderings
Foyer: Lumianires: Type 1: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The luminaire is an emergency lighting fixture using an entry station switch. Day Lighting: The south wall of this room is the same as the south wall of the vestibule with tempered glass and aluminum framing allowing sun light to travel through the vestibule reflecting off the materials and entering the foyer. Space Properties: The west wall is existing limestone and the east wall is new limestone and contains the entrance to the lobby of the auditorium. The north wall is open to the existing gift shop. The floor in the foyer is to match the wall material, so my assumption is it would be a stone tiling. Furnishings: I m assuming the foyer will not have any furnishings. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 0.7 Watts/sqft. with and additional 1.0 W/sqft. for decorative lighting Ilumminance Levels: 3 footcandles The lighting in all transitional spaces should be controlled by a timing device controlling the amount of fixtures in use for minimum power consumption when there are fewer occupants within the building. The vestibule will be controlled by a high frequency dimming ballast to allow occupants eye s to adapt comfortably while entering and leaving the building with the different
changes of the daylight. The lamps within both spaces shall be controlled by a photosensor to adjust the power consumption of the ballast. To minimize direct glare from the daylight the luminance should not exceed 10,000 cd/m² or be more than 100 times those of the surrounding areas. Throughout the transitional spaces within the museum the modeling of faces is important. The vertical illuminance and horizontal illuminance must be considered to be able to properly identify people. Diffuse light with average surface reflection will provide adequate illuminance. Lighting Critique: The lighting for foyer is simple and satisfactory for tasks needed. The space is small so there isn t much room for change. I don t consider it important to change the lighting specifically for this room, but the new luminaire will be one that exists throughout the new design.
Foyer Renderings
Lobby: Luminaire: Type 1: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: Information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Type 2: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent wallwash, 120V, Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: Information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Day Lighting: There is no daylight entering the lobby. Space Properties: The east wall is constructed with two types of materials. On the northern side of the east wall surrounding the elevator that enters into the prefunction space, the wall is constructed of stone panels. On both sides of the elevator, the lobby is open to the prefunction space. The interior wall dividing the auditorium and the lobby is constructed of wood panels, and the columns within the lobby space are covered with the same material. The section of the west wall that divides the stairwell and lobby has a limestone veneer. From this wall to the west exit the wall is covered in wood paneling.
Furnishings: I will assume the lobby contains pictures on both the east and west walls, and seating along the wooden west wall. Plants could also be placed throughout the lobby. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 1.8 Watts/sqft. with and additional 1.0 W/sqft. for decorative lighting Ilumminance Levels: 20 footcandles The appearance of the space and luminaries is very important in the lobby therefore the light distribution and the luminance of the room surfaces will need to be considered. Since this lobby will still act as a transition space dimming controls will be useful for allowing people to adapt to changes in brightness. The lobby can also become a meeting space, so face rendering will be important. To remove shadows the horizontal illuminance should be high around 10fc while the vertical illuminance can be low as 3fc. For the purpose of a meeting space noise and flicker control will also be an issue. Lighting Critique: The recessed wall washers are in a row, but the wall contains a staggered section two feet back. This lighting layout would create an uneven and discontinuous distribution of light along the wall producing unwanted shadows. The lighting in this room doesn t necessarily need to attract attention like many lobbies. It should have something where the corridor begins to influence the flow of traffic.
Lobby Renderings
Prefunction Space: Luminaire: Type 1: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 250W PAR 35 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Type 2: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent wallwash, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Day Lighting: There is no daylight entering the prefunciton space. Space Properties: The north wall is constructed with stone panels. The south wall dividing the prefunction space and the auditorium is constructed with stone paneling. The columns are covered with wood paneling. The West end of the prefunction space is open to the lobby, and the east wall is the entrance into the vestibule constructed with wood panels.
Furnishings: I assume paintings are on the north or south walls. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 1.8 Watts/sqft. Ilumminance Levels: 20 footcandles The same as the lobby, the appearance of the space and luminaries is very important in the prefunction space therefore the light distribution and the luminance of the room surfaces will need to be considered. Since the prefunction space will still act as a transition space dimming controls will be useful for allowing people to adapt to changes in brightness. This area can also become a meeting space, so face rendering will be important. To remove shadows the horizontal illuminance should be high around 10fc while the vertical illuminance can be low as 3fc. For the purpose of a meeting space noise and flicker control will also be an issue. The higher 15ft and 12ft ceiling of the prefunction space will desire a higher wattage per square foot than the lobby. This should be done with more architectural aesthetic lighting to attract attention create a flow through the space. Lighting Critique: Recessed wall wallwashers are the best way to light the curved wall. The wattage could be lowered finding new types of luminaires. The overall space could be improved with lighting the space with pendant fixtures since the ceiling is so high.
Corridor: Luminaire : Type 1: surface mounted corridor cove fluorescent fixture, 120V, Lamp: (2) F32W T8, 3500K Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Type 2: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent wallwash, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: The lighting will be controlled from the panel board in the electrical room. Daylighting: There is no daylight in the corridor. Furnishings: I will assume that there is some type of artwork along the corridor. Space Properties: The south wall of the corridor is constructed with limestone, and the north wall is constructed with wall paneling. The floor is sloped concrete covered in carpet. Design Criteria: Power Allowance:.7 Watts/sqft. with and additional 1.0 W/sqft. for decorative lighting
Illuminance Levels: 20 footcandles The corridor floor illumination should be at least one fifth the illumination of the floors in the adjacent rooms such as the auditorium and lobby. This will allow the corridor to be safe and energy efficient. Emergency lighting must be exaggerated since this corridor acts as one of the two exits of the auditorium. The corridor space can act as a transition space from the auditorium. Dimming controls will be useful for allowing people to adapt to changes in brightness. This will allow the corridor to be safe and energy efficient. To remove shadows the horizontal illuminance should be high around 10fc while the vertical illuminance can be low as 3fc. Lighting Critique: To exaggerate the length of the space I think it would be more aesthetic to have the fluorescent wall washers on both walls of the corridor giving it a wider feel and to have decorative pendants will add more interest to the space. Coat Room: Luminaire: Type 1: wall mounted fluorescent toilet fixture, 277V, width is 24, height is 6.5, depth is 4 Lamp: (1) F40W twin tube Ballast: information not available at this time Control: Single pole switch located at electric closet door. Type 2: wall mounted sconce, 120/277V, Lamp: 13W DTT, 3000K Ballast: information not available at this time. Control: Single pole switch located at electric closet door. Day Lighting: There is no daylighting in the closet room.
Space Properties: The walls are gypsum board painted with eggshell paint. Furnishings: On the north wall the room has shelf space above the closet space for coats. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 1.0Watts/sqft. Illuminance Levels: 10 footcandles The coat room is an extension of the corridor so all of the same criteria applies here. Color rendering in the coat room will be very important to allow people to find there belongings easily. Lighting Critique: The lighting in this room is satisfactory, but the types of luminaries could be changed to reduce the total wattage per sqft. Special Purpose Space: Auditorium Luminaire: Type 1: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: dimmer switch in control panel
Type 2: recessed ceiling mounted incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 250W PAR 35 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: dimmer switch in control panel Type 3: recessed ceiling mounted wallwash, 120V, 6 aperature, Matte Pewter Reflector Lamp: (1) 120W PAR 38 WFL Ballast: information not available at this time Control: dimmer switch in control panel Day Lighting: There is no daylighting in the auditorium. Space Properties: 6 and 9 acoustic tiles cover the eggshell painted walls of the auditorium. The entire back wall is covered with fabric covered acoustic panels. The floor is sloped concrete with no steps covered with carpet. The ceiling is a series of overlapping curved panels that are sloped toward the stage. The panels are covered with gypsum board but it does not specify what color of the paint is but all ceilings are to painted with a flat paint. Furnishings: Auditorium seating covers 90% of the floor. The stage at the front of the auditorium is risen 3 above the floor. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 2.0Watts/sqft. Illuminance Levels: 10 to 30 footcandles in seating area The most important design issue for the auditorium is the system control and flexibility. The lighting system should be able to provide low light levels for watching movies and for high levels for note taking and reading using a dimmer control. A manual preset system will provide controls for each dimmer. Panic switches independent from the rest of the system with an alternate power supply must be provided for emergencies. The stage lighting
does not have to be considered when equating the power allowance for the auditorium but its design must follow the guidelines provided. Key and fill light should be used for lighting the stage area. Luminaires in the auditorium ceiling used for stage lighting should provide from 50 to 100fc. Luminaires in the overhead locations should contain PAR floodlights and spotlights. Lighting Critique: The lighting in this room is sufficient for the task of the space. The downlights are the best use for the space and they are also placed well since they curve with the ceiling panels. For the downlights and wall washers I will try to find a more efficient luminiare. I would add to the space dimmable mellow uplights located on the down ramp to guide people through the space when the downlights are completely off. Large Work Space: Education Room Luminaire: Type 1: indirect pendant mounted fluorescent fixture w/ 8ft and 4ft. sections, 277V, Lamp: (2) F54W T5 HO, 3000K Ballast: electronic Control: three way switch located at room entrance Type 2: recessed ceiling mounted open reflector incandescent downlight, 120V, 6 aperature, clear reflector Lamp: (1) GE 80/PAR/HIR/FL25 Ballast: information not available at this time Control: three way switch located at room entrance
Day Lighting: There is no daylighting on the education room. Space Properties: The walls are gypsum board painted with eggshell paint, and the ceiling of height 11 is gypsum board painted with flat paint. The concrete floor is covered with carpet. Name : Bond Street 45 Style# : 8BT45 Color : Mirage Color# : 7640 Furnishings: Desk and chairs will be located in rows throughout the room. I assume some sort of chalk board will be present in the front and south wall of the room. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 1.6 Watts/sqft. Illuminance Levels: 50 footcandles For the educational area a visual comfort probability of 80 is recommended. The lamps should have CRI of 85 or greater incase color rendering may be of an importance when looking at art work. The reflectance for surfaces should be as follows: the walls should be 40-60%, the ceiling should be 70-90%, and the floor should be 30-50%. In a educational room the surrounding surfaces should not be less than 1/3 the task illuminance, and no more than five times the task illuminance. Lighting Critique: There is a satisfactory amount of luminaries in the room for the tasks of room, but the controls of the room are not adequate for the different scenes that the room will utilize.
Classroom Renderings
Small Work Space: Conference Room Luminaire: Type 1: recessed 18 cell parabolic fluorescent downlight, air handling function, 277V Lamp: (3) F32W T8, 3500K Ballast: electronic Control: a single pole switch located at the entrance. Day Lighting: There is no daylighting on the education room. Space Properties: The walls are gypsum board painted with eggshell white. The ceiling is constructed from acoustical tiles. The concrete floor is covered with carpet. Furnishings: There will be a conference table at the center of room. I will assume there will be some sort of projector within the room for presentations. Design Criteria: Power Allowance: 1.5 Watts/sqft. Illuminance Levels: 50 footcandles For the office areas a visual comfort probability of 80 is recommended where a VDT glare will be considered. The lamp s CCT should be from 3000K to 5000K within the working space. The conference table with minimum gloss should have a reflectance of at least 27% to comply with 3:1 between the task and surroundings. Lighting Critique: The lighting layout consists of four fluorescent fixtures spaced evenly in the room. Direct glare from the conference table will be an issue with this set up. I propose to use dimmable fluorescent T5 wall washers around the edge of the room, and a pendant fixture at the center of the room to continue to uniformly light the room. The controls will need to change to apply different scenes within the space.
Conference Room Renderings