STAGE 1 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EGLINTON CROSSTOWN LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT CORRIDOR, EGLINTON AVENUE FROM JANE STREET TO BRICKNELL STREET, CONCESSION 5, LOT 11, CONCESSION 6, LOT 41, YORK TOWNSHIP, CITY OF TORONTO, YORK COUNTY Revised License Report Submitted to: Ecoplans, A Member of MMM Group Limited 2655 North Sheridan Way, Suite 280 Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2P8 Telephone (905) 823-4988 Fax (905) 823-2669 Submitted by: New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 1480 Sandhill Drive, Unit 3 Ancaster, Ontario L9G 4V5 Phone (905) 304-6893 Licence Holder: Philip Woodley #P018 Project # P018-403-2012 January 15, 2013
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report details the Stage 1-2 archaeological assessment of the Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Eglinton Avenue from Jane Street to Bricknell Street, Concession 5, Lot 11, Concession 6, Lot 41, York Township, City of Toronto, York County. This assessment is an expansion on previous studies of this corridor (Archeoworks Inc. 2009a, Archeoworks Inc. 2009b). Due to changes in the planned routes of the LRT, this additional assessment was required. The majority of the property was visually determined to be disturbed by road construction and modern building construction, the remainder of the property (a flat area at the west end of Eglinton Avenue West) was assessed by test pitting. During the Stage 2 test pit survey of the property, no cultural material was found. Given this, it is recommended to the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport and Metrolinx that this corridor requires no further archaeological assessment. Should the boundaries of the subject corridor change beyond the current plan, further Stage 2 archaeological assessment will be required. i
PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Director Field Director(s) Field Assistants Report Graphics Report Preparation Editor Philip Woodley (P018) Lara Wood (R371) James Wood Jennifer Schumacher Jennifer Schumacher Jennifer Schumacher Philip Woodley
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... I PROJECT PERSONNEL... II LIST OF PLATES... III LIST OF FIGURES... IV PROJECT CONTEXT: DEVELOPMENT... 1 PROJECT CONTEXT: HISTORICAL... 2 PROJECT CONTEXT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL... 3 FIELD METHODOLOGY... 4 RECORD OF FINDS... 5 RECOMMENDATIONS... 6 REFERENCES... 7 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION... 8 PLATES... 9 FIGURES... 20 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Field condition for the test pit survey of the study corridor, facing west.... 9 Plate 2: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.... 9 Plate 3: Showing Slope, Facing West.... 10 Plate 4: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.... 10 Plate 5: Field condition for the test pit survey of the study corridor, facing west.... 11 Plate 6: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.... 11 Plate 7: Weston Road and Eglinton Ave W Intersection, Facing East.... 12 Plate 8: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East.... 12 Plate 9: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East.... 13 Plate 10: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East.... 13 Plate 11: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.... 14 Plate 12: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.... 14 Plate 13: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing West.... 15 Plate 14: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing East.... 15 Plate 15:Area South of Eglinton Avenue West, Facing North... 16 Plate 16:Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East... 16 Plate 17: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.... 17 iii
Plate 18: Area North of Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.... 17 Plate 19: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing Southwest... 18 Plate 20: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing Northwest... 18 Plate 21: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing North... 19 Plate 22: North of Eglinton Avenue West (Former Kodak Factory Property), Facing North... 19 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the subject property (30 M/11).... 20 Figure 2: Location of the subject property on 1878 map of York Township (Miles & Co.) (not to scale).... 21 Figure 3: Full Plan of Study corridor... 22 Figure 4: Full Plan of Study corridor with Field Methodology Demarcated... 23 Figure 5: Study Corridor Plans Close-up of Former Kodak Property with Study Area Outlined in Blue... 24 Figure 6: West End of Study corridor with Plate Locations... 25 Figure 7: Middle Section of Study corridor with Plate Locations... 26 Figure 8: East Section of Study corridor with Plate Locations... 27 Figure 9: Aerial View of Disturbance at Former Kodak Property, North of Eglinton Avenue West... 28
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 1 PROJECT CONTEXT: DEVELOPMENT This report discusses the rationale, methods and results of the Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Concession 5, Lot 11, Concession 6, Lot 41, York Township, City of Toronto, York County (Figure 1). The assessment was undertaken for Ecoplans Limited on behalf of Metrolinx, as part of the Ontario Heritage Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.o. 18) was completed under a Class Environmental Assessment Study. Permission for access to the property and removal of artifacts was granted by Metrolinx. This assessment is an expansion on previous studies of this corridor (Archeoworks Inc. 2009a, Archeoworks Inc. 2009b). These previous studies overlap in certain areas but do exceed the boundaries of the current study area. New assessment took place in areas where the study area was changed after the previous assessments were completed. Due to these changes in the planned routes of the LRT, this additional assessment was required. Assessment activities were conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Heritage Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.o. 18) in compliance with the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011) under an archaeological consulting license (#P018) issued to Philip Woodley of New Directions Archaeology Ltd. The field notes, photos and related documents will be curated at the office of New Directions Archaeology Ltd.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 2 PROJECT CONTEXT: HISTORICAL The subject property is part of York Township, City of Toronto, York County. In the mid-18 th century, the Humber River (which borders the west boundary of York County) was used intensely and competitively as a fur trade route by the French and English. After the war of 1783, land was liberally supplied to disbanded soldiers and American loyalists thus making up some of the first settlers of the area. The Township of York includes the harbor of Toronto and was known as an area of active trade. The township is also bordered by three bays, the value of such an area allowed for erection of the town of York and subsequent settling of farmers and development of agricultural fields (opposite of how most towns developed) (Miles & Co. 1878). An 1878 map of York Township in York County (Figure 2) indicates that the subject corridors pass through rural farmlands (Miles & Co. 1878). The 1878 map of York Township (Miles & Co. 1878) indicates that the study corridor did not have a homestead or other buildings during this time but the area is along a historic road (Figure 2). Given this, there is a high probability of locating an historic site on the subject property.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 3 PROJECT CONTEXT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL The study corridor is located at Concession 5, Lot 11, Concession 6, Lot 41, York Township, City of Toronto, York County (Figure 1). This area is part of the Peel Plain physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 174-176), which covers parts of the Regional Municipalities of York, Peel and Halton. The Peel Plain is crossed by numerous rivers and streams (e.g., the Humber River), which have cut deep erosional valleys (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 174). There are numerous creeks and smaller tributaries in the vicinity of the study corridor (Figure 2). The soil is generally heavy clay, dominated by Peel Clay with some small sandy tracts scattered throughout the plain (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 174). This area is undulating and crosses the Humber River. A search of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport s archaeological site registry database identified three registered archaeological sites within 1 kilometre of the study corridor (Table 1). Site AkGu-6 is of very close proximity to the study corridor and the actual extent of this site is unknown (Archeoworks 2009b). If something is found during construction, construction must halt and assessment on the site must be continued. Previous work in the area includes an assessment of the Kodak Plant (Golder 2011), Stage 2 was recommended but during our assessment nothing was found. According to A Master Plan of Archaeological Resources for the City of Toronto, this area is of high potential due to the proximity to the Humber river (ASI 2004). Due to the proximity of the subject area to registered archaeological sites, topography suitable for habitation, waterways, and historic transportation routes the potential for finding archaeologically significant materials on the subject property is high. A test pit survey was therefore conducted for the Stage 2 assessment of the subject property in areas that were not identified visually as disturbed (Figure 4). Table 1: Known archaeological sites within 1 kilometre of the subject property. Borden # Site Name Reference Temporal/ Cultural Estimated Date Type of Site Affiliation Range AkGu-24 Hunter Konrad 1996 Woodland, Iroquoian Undetermined Village AkGu-25 Frimette Konrad 1996 Undetermined Undetermined Village AkGu-6 Roseland Undetermined Undetermined Campsite
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 4 FIELD METHODOLOGY The Stage 1-2 archaeological investigation was undertaken during hot and sunny conditions on July 25, 2012 (Plate 1). The details of the field survey are presented in Figure 3. The Natural Resources Canada Topographic mapping of the local area at a scale of 1:10,000 was also referenced for this report to assist with determining potential (Figure 1). The majority of the study corridor was visually determined to be disturbed by roadside ditching, berms, previous construction, and other services (Plates 7-21). The remainder of the subject property was test pitted, but it was determined that this entire area has been extensively and intensively disturbed through grading and construction fill (Plates 1-6). Areas without visual disturbance were assessed by test pit survey at a five-metre interval (Plate 5). Each test pit was approximately thirty centimetres in diameter and hand excavated five centimetres into subsoil (Plate 6). The soil was shoveled into a six-millimetre mesh screen to recover artifacts. The profiles of each test pit were examined for stratified layers and/or disturbance. All test pits were backfilled and the sod was replaced. No historic or prehistoric cultural material was found during the archaeological assessment of the subject property. Given the above, it is recommended to the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport that the corridor is clear of any further archaeological concerns.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 5 RECORD OF FINDS The details of the field survey are presented in Figures 3. The test pit survey has been photo documented (Plates 1 to 6). No cultural material was recovered during the assessment. Given this, it is recommended to the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport that no further archaeological assessment is required.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 6 RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of the above information, the following recommendations can be made: 1. No cultural material was recovered during the assessment for the Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, from Jane Street to Bricknell Street, Concession 5, Lot 11, Concession 6, Lot 41, York Township, City of Toronto, York County. Given this, it is recommended to the Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport that no further archaeological assessment is required for this corridor. 2. Should the subject corridor require more property outside of the current plan, an archaeological assessment will be required. 3. This report is filed with the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport in compliance with sec. 65 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The ministry reviews reports to ensure that the licencee has met the terms and conditions of the licence and archaeological resources have been identified and documented according to the standards and guidelines set by the ministry, ensuring the conservation, protection and preservation of the heritage of Ontario. Development should not proceed before receiving confirmation that the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport has entered the report into the provincial register of reports. 4. Should previously unknown or unassessed deeply buried archaeological resources be uncovered during development, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with sec. 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. 5. Any person discovering human remains must immediately notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries, Ministry of Government Services. Contacts: Culture Unit, Programs and Services, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport: (416) 212-4019 Registrar of Cemeteries, Cemeteries Regulation Unit: Michael D Mello (416) 326-8404 or (416)-326-8393
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 7 REFERENCES Archeoworks Inc. 2009a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (AA) of: Proposed Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor & Pearson Airport Surface Connection Study Area, City of Toronto, Ontario. New Market. 2009b Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (AA) of: Proposed Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor & Pearson Airport Surface Connection Study Area, City of Toronto, Ontario. New Market. ASI 2004 A Master Plan of Archaeological Resources for the City of Toronto: Interim Report. Heritage Preservation Services, Toronto. Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam 1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario, Third Edition. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 2, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. Golder Associates Ltd. 2011 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Former Kodak Plant 3500 Eglinton Avenue and 55 Ray Avenue Toronto Ontario. Unpublished report by Golder Associates Ltd. on file at the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Toronto. Government of Ontario 1990 The Heritage Act RSO 1990. Queen s Printer, Toronto. 1996 Planning Act SO 1996. Queen s Printer, Toronto. Miles & Co. 1878 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York and the Township of West Gwillimbury and Town of Bradford in the County of Simcoe.Toronto. Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines (Stages 1-3 & Reporting Format). Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation, Cultural Programs Branch, Archaeology and Heritage Planning, Toronto. 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists. Ministry of Tourism, Culture, and Sport, Queen s Printer, Toronto.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 8 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION 1. This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture, and Sport as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Ministry, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alteration to archaeological sites by the proposed development. 2. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such times as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. 3. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. 4. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 9 PLATES Plate 1: Field condition for the test pit survey of the study corridor, facing west. Plate 2: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 10 Plate 3: Showing Slope, Facing West. Plate 4: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 11 Plate 5: Field condition for the test pit survey of the study corridor, facing west. Plate 6: View of stratigraphic layers in Stage 2 test pits in study corridor, notice disturbance.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 12 Plate 7: Weston Road and Eglinton Ave W Intersection, Facing East. Plate 8: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 13 Plate 9: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East. Plate 10: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 14 Plate 11: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West. Plate 12: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 15 Plate 13: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing West. Plate 14: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing East.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 16 Plate 15:Area South of Eglinton Avenue West, Facing North Plate 16:Eglinton Avenue West, Facing East
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 17 Plate 17: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West. Plate 18: Area North of Eglinton Avenue West, Facing West.
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 18 Plate 19: Eglinton Avenue West, Facing Southwest Plate 20: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing Northwest
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 19 Plate 21: Eglinton Avenue West and Black Creek Drive Intersection, Facing North Plate 22: North of Eglinton Avenue West (Former Kodak Factory Property), Facing North
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 20 FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the subject property (30 M/11).
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 21 Figure 2: Location of the subject property on 1878 map of York Township (Miles & Co.) (not to scale).
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 22 Figure 3: Full Plan of Study corridor
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 23 Figure 4: Full Plan of Study corridor with Field Methodology Demarcated
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 24 Figure 5: Study Corridor Plans Close-up of Former Kodak Property with Study Area Outlined in Blue
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 25 Figure 6: West End of Study corridor with Plate Locations
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 26 Figure 7: Middle Section of Study corridor with Plate Locations
Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment of Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Transit Corridor, Jane Street to Bricknell Street, City of Toronto 27 Figure 8: East Section of Study corridor with Plate Locations
New Directions Archaeology Ltd. 28 Figure 9: Aerial View of Disturbance at Former Kodak Property, North of Eglinton Avenue West