Course Objectives: To learn the concept and strategies of Integrated Pest Management. To identify beneficial insects and help sustain them in their part to balance pest populations. To recognize common pests and apply IPM solutions
What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management Intelligent Pest Management Strategy to prevent and suppress pests with minimum impact on human health, the environment and non-target organisms
What does IPM Involve? Tactics may include: Cultural, Mechanical, Biological, and Chemical IPM stresses trying the least toxic methods first.
Scouting the Garden Don t wait for problems to happen. Look for symptoms and signs of pests and diseases. Check at different times of the day. Take notes on what you find. Use scouting tools: 10-15X hand lens Plastic bags collecting jar Flashlight
Establish tolerance level Determine how much damage you want to tolerate. Consider how much time, energy, and money you are willing to invest in pest management. Develop a pest management strategy.
IPM Methods for Controlling Insect Pests Number One Is Prevention
Make their environment unsuitable!
Start With Healthy Soil & Good Drainage Ask for a soil test read-out so you know what you re getting! Healthy plants can better withstand or discourage pest attacks!
Water and Fertilize plants correctly! Plants under stress attract many more insects! Choose pest resistant cultivars whenever possible!
Choose Healthy Transplants Root Bound Tree
Companion Planting
Trap crops
Nightshade/solanaceae Grass/poaceae Crop Rotation Convolvulacea Cucurbits/gourd Legumes Compositeae/asterace Apiaceae/parsley Mustard/Brassicas Chenopodiaceae Allium
Keep the Garden Clean Weeds can harbor insect pests Pick up fallen fruit
Mulch reduces water loss Reduces some pests Reduces weeds
Physical Methods of Pest Control Hand picking Spraying with water Pruning
Using barriers -Row covers -Plant collars *-Sticky barriers
*-Metal barriers *-Diatomaceous earth
Physical Methods Vacuuming Rototilling Trapping Colored sticky traps Pheromone/ Kairomone traps Slug traps Rolled newspapers Light traps X
Kaolin Clay- Surround (Barrier) Pear Inadequate Psylla Coverage Adequate Coverage Suppresses: Coddling Controls: Moth Cucumber Leafhoppers Beetles Thrips Pear psylla Leafrollers
Biological Methods Include using: Beneficial insects Microorganisms Vertebrates
Beneficial insects. Pollinators Predators Parasitoids
s o n Pollinators Bumble Bees Butterflies Honey Bees Mason Bees M a
Don t spray when bees are active on the plants (before sunrise is best)
Predators: Beneficial Coleoptera Lady Beetles
Recognize all life stages of beneficial Insects!
The Downey-leatherwing Soldier Beetle Predacious Ground Beetles Rove Beetles
Beneficial Diptera Syrphid fly (hover fly/flower fly) & larva
Fly egg on a stink big Tachinid fly eggs and Larva
Adult Immature Brochymena Oregon s Beneficial Stink Bug (Rough Stink Bug)
Parasitoids: Beneficial Hymenoptera Braconid wasp inserting an egg Braconid wasp pupating inside of aphid Emerging adult braconid wasp
Look for the presence of beneficial or parasitized Insects before spraying!
Trichogramma wasps Ichneumonid Wasps
Insects have 3 basic needs Water, Food, & Shelter
Cosmos emon Gem Marigold Queen Anne s Lace Plants That Attract Beneficial Insects Yarrow Alyssum
Nasturtium Sunflowers
Buckwheat, great cover crop Clover
Microorganisms Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) kurstaki Caterpillars israelensis Mosquito Larvae san diego Beetle Larvae -- aizawai (Bta) Wax moth larvae
Microorganisms Spinosad: Controls caterpillars, leaf miners, and thrips
Other microorganisms Beauveria bassiana (fungi) Kills aphids, thrips, and other insects, especially those with soft bodies. Granulosis virus CYD-X or Carpovirusine (Host specific) Codling moth control Infected Weevil
Beetle grubs Beneficial Nematodes Parasitic nematodes Attacks over 250 insects Controls root weevil larvae European Crane fly Cutworms
Encourage Garden Helpers Birds Chicken Tractor Turkey s Frogs & Toads
Bats Bats serve as important pollinators of many food plants. Bats are the only major predator of night-flying insects. Bat prey includes flies, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes as their major food source. A single Big brown bat can eat between 3,000 and 7,000 mosquitoes in a night.
Snakes Western Rattlesnake: Garter Snakes Snakes eat insects, besides rodents, toads & lizards. Gopher snake: Oregon Red-spotted All native reptiles are suffering from habitat loss Many species are protected and it is illegal to take them out of the wild for any reason It is illegal to collect them for pet trade
Organic Chemical Methods Insecticidal soap Horticultural oils Botanical insecticides Molluscicides
Insecticidal Soaps New growth on plants my be sensitive and burn. Be careful spraying young seedlings!
Horticultural Oils Don t apply over 85 F or under 40 F. or during high humidity(70% ) The oil covers the target insect or mite and plugs the spiracles or pores through which it breathes.
Dormant Sprays This oil is Heavier. Apply when the plant is dormant. Temperatures should be over 40 F. + or
Botanical Insecticides Just because it s botanical doesn t mean it s less toxic!
Rotenone Organic Insecticide Warning: Even though this is organic, it is quite toxic! Organic insecticide - dust or spray. It is a potentially lethal toxin for aphids, cockroaches, houseflies, corn borers, Mexican bean beetles, and mosquitoes. Rotenone is a natural substance derived from several tropical and subtropical plants.
P y r e t h r u m (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) Pyrethrum daisy produces daisy-like flowers in red, pink, lilac and white. Pure powder derived from 100% chrysanthemum flowers. Mix with diatomaceous Earth for an even more effective kill ratio. This product is 100% organic.
Neem Oil is pressed from seeds of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and has been used for centuries safely and effectively against more than 200 insect pests. It is non-toxic to humans, birds, mammals and beneficial insects. Good for existing infestations and for prevention, both on contact and as a systemic.
Hot Pepper Spray d-limonene Eugenol:
Nicotine LD50 0.3-55mg/kg Don t use this stuff!
Homemade Brews Distilled Water Soap, Alcohol, Ammonia
Synthetic Chemical Pesticides Carbaryl Deltamethrin Dimethoate Endosulfan Imidacloprid (systemic) Orthene (systemic) Malathion Cyfluthrin
Insect Problems You May Encounter 4 3 2 1 Pantry Pests Garden & Lawn Pests
Pantry Pests Don t store pet food with human food!
Indian Meal Moth Larvae leave behind Filthy webbing Mediterranean Flour Moth
Saw-toothed Grain Beetle Confused Flour Beetle
Carpet Beetles Beetles feed on fibers and grains
How to Handle Pantry Pests 1. Inspect all food sources in the cupboards. These foods include anything made with grains, dried milk, dried fruit, nuts, herbs and spices. 2. Discard infested foods and freeze any of the above items in the vicinity for at least 72 hours to a week. 3. Vacuum out cupboard cracks then wipe the shelves with soap and water. Place susceptible foods in air tight containers before putting on the shelves. Traps can be used to monitor any missed pests. 4. Store animal foods in an airtight containers away from human food.
Common Garden Pests
Homopterous Insects Aphids Aphids Prevent by
Don t Over Fertilize With Nitrogen Get rid of weeds That harbor aphids Thistle Mustard Sp.
Aphids are a favorite food for many beneficial predator insects!
Grow Plants that Attract Beneficials
Controlling Aphids After They Appear 1. Manually remove/spray with a strong stream of water 2. Spray with insecticidal soap 3. Spray with neem or pyrethrin 4. Spray with endosulfan or malathion
Controlling Scale Insects 1. Apply Horticultural Oil 2. Use Insecticidal Soap 3. Spray Acephate or drench with imidacloprid Azalea bark scale
Control Whitefly with: 1. Insecticidal Soap 2. Pyrethrin or Neem 3. Endosulfan 4. Imidacloprid
Butterfly & Moth Larvae Leaf Rollers Skeletonizers Loopers
Cutworms
Imported Cabbage Worm
Corn Earworm/Tomato Fruit Worm
Tomato Hornworm/Sphinx Moth
Grow plants that attract tachinid flies, lacewings, Minute pirate bugs and beneficial wasps
Monitor Plants Often Hand Pick visible worms
Controlling Caterpillars Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) Spinosad
Codling Moth
Codling moth controls Malathion Sevin Spinosad Granulosis Viruses
Fruit Flies Spotted Wing Drosophila Western Cherry Fruit Fly
Fruit Fly Control Spinosad
Flea beetles
Flea Beetle Control Chemical Solution: Sevin Organic Solution: Spinosad Pyrethrin
Click Beetle/Wireworm
Cucumber Beetles Mosaic virus
Cucumber Beetle Controls Row Cover Reflective Mulch Sevin Pyrethrin
Black vine weevil Weevil Snout Obscure Root Weevil Strawberry Root Weevil
Weevil Control Larval stage Best Adult Controls: Hand pick at night or Acephate Best Solution: Beneficial Nematodes Apply in the Fall
Borers & Bark Beetles
Water established non-native trees deeply every few weeks during high heat & drought! Absorbing Roots Canopy Drip Line 1 ft. 2 ft. 3 ft. Heart Roots
This attracts voles! Mulch to conserve moisture No more than 4 deep
Prune correctly and at the right time Whitewash trunks for frost crack protection Use wraps with caution!
Imidacloprid Drench for Borers Sevin for Bark Beetles & Borers
Squash Bugs
Stink Bugs
Stink bug damage on Tomatoes
Squash & Stinkbug Control: D.E. Sevin Pyrethrin Sevin is very toxic to bees!
Leaf miners
Best Leafminer Control: Remay Spinosad
Earwigs Beneficial or Bad? Earwig Damage
Earwig Controls: Sevin Pyrethrum 1:1 oil & Soy Sauce Trapping
Spider Mite Controls: 1. Insecticidal Soap 2. Horticultural Oil 3. Sulfur dust
Molluscicides Iron Phosphate Methaldehyde
Crane flies Lawn Pest Control with Sevin or Beneficial Nematodes
Chinch Bug Damage Chinch Bug Adult Chinch Bug Nymph Cause: Drought Conditions
PNW Insect Management Handbook http://uspest.org/pnw/insects Oregon Tilth http://www.tilth.org/ OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) http://www.omri.org/omri-lists
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