Presentations of pre-workshop activities

A global multidisciplinary network on housing research and learning Presentations of pre-workshop activities Ana Mª Sánchez Puerta, Alex García Estellés, Héctor Ruiz Vizcaíno, ETSA_Valencia COTTBUS, 1-6th June, 2015 Second International Workshop

SUMMARY Task 1: Reading texts from Oikomodos resources; Writting report Analysis of shrinkage s causes and possibilities front this problem Task 3: Densification in Berlin Historical evolution of the city, density study and strategies Task 4: Reduction in Cottbus Urban evolution of Cottbus and current urban structure

Task 1 Research SHRINKAGE: metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time. REASONS? - Deindustrialization - Emigrations - Aging population

Task 1 Research BENEFITS - Decongest the place - More public spaces - More public services to the neighbours DISADVANTAGES - Problems in the city borders and small cities - Physical isolation: disconnection from everyday amanities found in denser areas - Decreasing in the houses s development

Task 1 Research OPPORTUNITIES - Open space where generate an innovative design to reimagine neighbourhood patterns - Holes could be a good space used by the neighbours - Generating an amenity that change and give a new value to the neighbourhood

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 1900_ Railroad creation and definition of green zones 1910_ Competition "The big Berlin" Restructuration of central areas and connetions with the border. 1º prize: Hermann Jansen Same features from participants: Work in three escaes: center(monumental axes that cross the historic city), extension (residential block:gf+4, big block courtyard; and green avenues) and border 1920_ Creation of the big Berlin Integration of 8 cities (Berlín, Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Noukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau y Wilsmersdorf) + 59 rural towns 1940_ Albert Speer's proposal Av. Prachtstrausse: 5km

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 1945_ Bombings World War II 1946_ Exposition Berlín plant 1.Kolletivplan:Restructuration without any preexistence 2.Zehlerdorfplan: More respectful plan 1948_ New Standtbaurat_Karl Bonatz Recover ideas from the big Berlin's competition 1949_ Divition in districts 1953_

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 1957_ Competition Berlín Hauptstadt -Against thinking from VIII CIAM in London -Work in a destroyed area including emblematic buildings

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 1957_ Competition Berlín Hauptstadt -Against thinking from VIII CIAM in London -Work in a destroyed area including emblematic buildings 1961_ Interbau 1957: Hansaviertel Construction under bases of city in the park (less density) with a lot of different building types Cronstruction Berlin wall 1979_ Creation IBA -Realization of seminars of intervention, historic studies and a urbanistic plan -Report's goals: Central structure, development of singular points origin of historic structure, new relation social rules/freedom, discovery of the city and reflexion demand-artistic will 1989_ Wall's permanence and proj. in the center

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 1989_ 1991_ 1991_ Wall's permanence and proj. in the center -Kleihues' plan: Generate a frontier N-S with the wall and another E-O with the alignmetn of Niederkirchherstrsse and thestreet Zimmerstrasse. -Discussion about reconstruction of urban holes (precedent: O.M.Ungers y Rem Koolhaas) -Berlin wall falls: Problems from reunification after fall. Different sense in the interventions done or in porcess. Reorganization of both sides. Stadtform's creation Competition of ideas -Area: Leipzigerplatz and Potsdamerplatz and connection with Friedrichstadt y Kuturform Competition of ideas -Including Spree's arc and political buildings

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 2001_ New Berlin architecture No global planification Requirements: Height limitation(20m cornise height; 30m tidge height) Reference to historic plant Mixture of tertiary and residential uses. Effect relative density Generating architectural and monotonous volumes Sigular buildings in the center(years before) Reichstag's dom Ministergärten Area Jewish museum, Lebeskin Central administration building of DG Bank, Frank Gehry

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 2010_

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Historic evolution 2010_ 1940_

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Districts Mitte Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Pankow Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf Spandau Steglitz-Zehlendorf Tempelhof-Schöneberg Neukölln Treptow-Köpenick Marzahn-Hellersdorf Lichtenberg Reinickendorf

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Habitants Density Pankow Spandau Area Mitte Tempelhof-Schöneberg Treptow-Köpenick Mitte Density Neukölln Spandau Mitte Treptow-Köpenick Treptow-Köpenick

Task 3 Getting to know Berlin Conclusions -WEST side is where we find the five districts with less density of Berlin. -WEST area with greater lack of people whose influence for the arrival of new neighbors is lower. -STITCHING OF URBAN FABRIC To increase densification of Berlin intervening in desolated spaces.

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus Urban history 1945: IIWW Parts of the city were completely destroyed. 1945-1989 The city soon became important to the GDR s industrial development. 1974 High demand of housing opportunities. The first large housing estate was built on the southern city edge of 1985 Cottbus youngest large housing estate, was built. 2004 A strategy for urban restructuring that consisted on demolishing some buildings different parts of a whole district.

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus Why is Cottbus an shrinking city? Deindustrialization. The failure of the post-industrial transformation process. Drop in the birth rate. Ageing. Suburbanization. Negative migration balance due to high unemployment rate. Why is a problem being a shrinking city? Deteriorate the fiscal base of cities. Maintaining local infrastructures. High degree of empty flats.

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus What s the solution to stop shrinkage? Achieve a gradual economic shift: Leave behind the old manufacturing and move ahead with sophisticated high-tech industries. Focus more on its reputation as a city of science. Recover the old neighbourhoods and the historic centre focusing on single urban projects. Tear down abandoned or underused buildings and use that space as a green space or build there single-family homes. Build up highly competitive local industries. Stabilize the population.

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus How can we do it? The best strategy for shrinking cities is to accept the shrinkage and to improve quality of life for the remaining residents. (Hospers,2014) There is a lack of open public spaces in the inner city. We can demolish some old abandoned buildings of this zone and use these vacant to create green public spaces. (Density decrease) Create a green structure that set up limits to the city size. Support for the establishment of local innovation networks and the creation of modern industrial and service clusters. Creating favorable working space. Enhancing touristic attraction of city center.

CONCLUSIONS Shrinkage and growth are not a problem in a city, they had to be opportunities that cities wouldn't have in a normal situation. Use them!! Best option to work in both situation is stitching urban fabric. Architect is a tailor that join the preexistence with new projects. One of the most important work for doing that is making a historical study and knowing neighbor s requirements. Cottbus won t grow anymore, we should consider the city situation as an opportunity to create a nice place to live. There are plenty of spaces that need to be rethought with a new point of view that led us to the future.

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