GENERAL SPECIFICATION SAFETY

GENERAL SPECIFICATION SAFETY GS EP SAF 311 Rules for the selection of fire-fighting systems 03 10/2009 General revision 02 10/2005 Addition of EP root to document identification 01 10/2003 Change of Group name and logo 00 04/2001 Old TotalFina SP SEC 311 Rev. Date Notes

Contents 1. Scope...3 1.1 Purpose...3 1.2 Applicability...3 2. Reference documents...3 3. Terms and definitions...5 4. General principles...7 4.1 Fire Classes...7 4.2 Fire-fighting systems...8 4.3 Additional considerations for the installation of fire-fighting systems...14 4.4 Rules for onshore/ offshore installations...14 4.5 Active or passive protection...18 5. Selection of fire protection systems on typical areas...19 5.1 Processing and production installations...20 5.2 Oil and LPG storage...21 5.3 Loading installations...22 5.4 Evacuation and rescue...22 5.5 Heliport and helideck...22 5.6 Permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms...23 5.7 Unmanned rooms...25 5.8 Isolated rooms...26 5.9 Monitors and hydrants...26 5.10 Portable extinguishers...27 Appendix 1 Fire extinguishing agents for offshore installations...29 Appendix 2 AFP systems on onshore and offshore production installations...31 Page 2/32

1. Scope 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this General Specification is to determine if an active fire-fighting system is necessary to protect the installation and, if it is, to define the type(s) of active fire-fighting system(s) to be installed and where. This General Specification is mainly based on an approach where the selection of the type(s) of fire-fighting system(s) is/ are determined by an evaluation of the hazards of the installation. It shall be used as a guideline for the drafting of the Safety Concept and also, later, during the basic (preliminary) engineering phase. The main objectives of an active fire-fighting system are: to control fires and limit escalation; to reduce the effects of a fire to enable personnel to undertake emergency response activities or to evacuate; to extinguish the fire where it is considered safe to do so; to limit damage to structures and equipment. It is sometimes necessary to refer to passive fire protection systems in order to ease understanding, however passive fire protection is not addressed in this document (refer to GS EP SAF 337), which is strictly limited to fire-fighting systems. 1.2 Applicability This General Specification applies to all hydrocarbons processing or production facilities, both onshore and offshore (fixed and floating), such as: Offshore Processing and Production Installations (both fixed and floating) including Risers Onshore Hydrocarbon Processing Plants / LPG storage plants Excluding LNG (*) Oil Loading Installations (Jetties) Accommodation Block, Evacuation Routes and Muster Area Heliport and Helideck Manned Technical and Control Rooms Unmanned Technical Rooms (*) For LNG projects refer to NFPA 59A. 2. Reference documents The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification. Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT. Page 3/32

Standards Reference ISO 13702:1999 Title Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Control and Mitigation of Fires and Explosion on Offshore Production Installations Requirements and Guidelines Professional Documents Reference API RP 14G:2007 API Publ 2510A API RP 2001 API STD 2510 IMO SOLAS IP 15 ISGOTT NFPA 10 NFPA 11 NFPA 12 NFPA 13 NFPA 15 NFPA 16 NFPA 17 NFPA 24 NFPA 59A NFPA 750 Title Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and Control on Fixed Open-type Offshore Production Platforms Fire Protection considerations for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities second edition Fire Protection in Refineries eighth edition Design and construction of LPG Installations eighth edition International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS), 1974 and subsequent amendments Area Classification Code for Installations Handling Flammable Fluids: Part 15 of the IP Model Code of Safe Practice in the Petroleum Industry, third edition, July 2005 International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals, fifth edition (OCIMF) Standard for Portable Extinguishers Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam Standards on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection Standard for the Installation of Foam - Water Sprinkler and Foam- Water Spray Systems Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems Standards for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems Page 4/32

Regulations Reference Regulation EC No 842/2006 Title Regulation EC No 842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases Codes Reference Not applicable Title Other documents Reference Not applicable Title Total General Specifications Reference GS EP MEC 290 GS EP SAF 227 GS EP SAF 261 GS EP SAF 321 GS EP SAF 322 GS EP SAF 331 GS EP SAF 332 GS EP SAF 334 GS EP SAF 337 GS EP SAF 341 GS EP SAF 351 Title Rotating machines packages Safety rules for fired heaters Emergency Shut-Down and Emergency De-Pressurisation (ESD & EDP) Fire pump stations and fire water mains Fixed fire water systems Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems Water mist and gaseous fixed fire extinguishing systems Foam fire extinguishing systems Passive fire protection: Basis of design Location and protection of onshore hydrocarbon storage Escape, evacuation and rescue from fixed installations 3. Terms and definitions There are three types of statements in this General Specification: shall, should and may. They shall be understood as follows: Page 5/32

Shall Should May Is to be understood as mandatory. Any deviation from a shall statement requires a derogation approved by the COMPANY. Is to be understood as strongly recommended to comply with the requirements of the specification. Alternatives shall provide a similar level of protection and this shall be documented. Is used where alternatives are equally acceptable. For the purpose of this document only, the following terms and definitions apply. Enclosed area Fixed fire water system Isolated (remote) room Any building room or enclosed space within which, in the absence of failure of artificial ventilation, the ventilation is not sufficient to avoid persistence of flammable atmosphere within the area (COMPANY from IP 15). Fixed system (by opposition to "mobile" or "portable") such as deluge, water curtain, monitor, hydrant, etc. installed for active protection in case of fire and supplied by a specific fire water network, with pumping set and sufficient quantity of water (water storage or inexhaustible supply) (COMPANY). Room where personnel are not normally present and where access time for intervention would take more than 5 minutes (COMPANY). These definitions for rooms can be summarized as follows: Time to access Personnel presence < 5 minutes > 5 minutes No routine requirement Unmanned Isolated Manned/Permanently manned installation (or platform) Not permanently manned installation (or platform) Not permanently manned room Routine checks once per day or once per shift Permanent occupancy 50 % of total time per day or 25% of total time per week Not permanently manned Permanently manned Isolated Installation on which people are routinely accommodated or which is occupied continuously during normal operations (COMPANY from ISO 13702:1999). Installation that is not manned all the time, but that is frequently visited during normal operations. It shall have facilities to support planned overnight stays. As a guideline, personnel are routinely accommodated for less than 12 hours per day, or less than 40 hours per week (COMPANY). Room which does not require the presence of personnel for normal operations, but where entrance for maintenance or control activities NA Page 6/32

Open area Permanently manned room Sheltered or obstructed area Unmanned installation (or platform) Unmanned room (or enclosure) is frequent (e.g. switch-room, instrument room). The access is limited to qualified personnel and it is recognized that the intervention is quick (less than 5 minutes) in case of fire alarm (COMPANY). Open air situation where vapours are readily dispersed (COMPANY from IP 15). Room which is continuously manned or where personnel are present most of the time, e.g. control room, radio room (COMPANY). An area within or adjoining an open area (which may include a partially open building or structure) where, owing to obstruction, natural ventilation is restricted and less than in a true open area (IP 15). Unmanned installations or normally unattended installations are not manned on a 24-hour basis although they can be frequently visited. No facilities are provided for planned overnight stays, although emergency facilities are provided for personnel stuck overnight due to unforeseen circumstances (COMPANY). Room (or enclosure) where personnel are not normally present and could not enter (except with difficulty) in case of fire, e.g. diesel engine or turbine enclosure (COMPANY). 4. General principles Since there are three essentials for the occurrence of fire: fuel, air (Oxygen) and a source of ignition, fire prevention procedures mainly involve identification and elimination or separation of these 3 essentials. Fuels may then be conveniently grouped as per the type of fire they create on the basis of the materials which are burning or which have the potential to burn. To facilitate the proper use of extinguishers on different types of fires, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has classified fires as follows. 4.1 Fire Classes Class A: fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics. Examples of such materials commonly found on offshore platforms are the following: Construction materials and supplies: wood decking, framework, and skids; shipping containers and fibre ropes. Operational materials and supplies: cleaning rags and tarpaulins. Waste materials: used paper and rags. Class B: fires in flammable liquids, gases, and greases. Examples of such materials commonly found on offshore platforms are the following: Page 7/32

Produced fluids: oils and condensates, gases and vapours, residues from produced or stored hydrocarbons. Construction materials and supplies: paints, welding and cutting gases. Operational materials and supplies: heat transfer fluids, glycols, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, and fuels. Miscellaneous: cleaning compounds and cooking oils and greases. Class C (Class E in the UK): fires that involve energized electrical equipment. In this situation, electrical non-conductivity of the extinguishing agent is of importance. When electrical equipment is de-energized, the fire becomes Class A or B. Class D: fires of combustible metals, such as Magnesium, Zirconium, Sodium and Potassium. Class K (Class F in the UK): fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetal or animal oils and fats). Class D fires are beyond the scope of the present specification. 4.2 Fire-fighting systems 4.2.1 Water Water is an excellent fire suppression agent due to its high specific heat and high latent heat of vaporization. It has no effect on the ozone layer or global warming. Water is used to fight Class A fires or to control Class B fires: its mechanism is to cool fire below the ignition temperature. The different application methods in offshore and onshore facilities are: fire main (hoses and monitors), deluge, sprinklers, hand portable appliances. The advantage of water is a rapid cooling and unlimited supply in offshore installations. The main disadvantages are that: the system maintenance requirements are high (it requires 2 or more people to properly manage hoses); there is risk of equipment corrosion; there is risk of freezing. Fire water systems are installed in offshore installations to provide exposure protection, control of burning, and/or extinguishment (with foam addition) of fires. The system design shall be based on good engineering principles and may include coverage of platform equipment such as compressors, glycol regenerators, storage facilities, shipping and process pumps, wellheads, etc. The fire water pumping rate should be sufficient to perform all functions required by the fire control design. Page 8/32

Fixed fire water systems (with the exception of fresh water mist) are not required for hydrocarbon handling equipment and associated drivers installed in enclosed areas (compressors, turbine package, etc.). Water shall not be used on electric fires (because of conductivity), LPG or LNG fires (because it would accelerate vaporization) and in some parts of the world where cold climatic conditions prevail. Special precautions shall be taken when water is used on hydrocarbon fires because the difference of density can produce an extension of the initial hazard. Water is not efficient against jet-fire, but water deluge is used to cool down equipment containing hydrocarbons and piping. Water shall not be used on flammable liquid fires, as it is likely to cause additional hazards (extension of initial fire, boil over or froth over on hydrocarbon fires). For further details refer to GS EP SAF 321 and GS EP SAF 322. 4.2.2 Foam Foam is used to fight Class A and B fires. Fire in liquids hydrocarbons shall be extinguished by foam application. Foam extinguishes flammable liquids fires by forming a floating blanket on the burning liquid surface: this prevents the liquid from forming combustible vapours (in a flammable liquid only the vapours actually burn). The advantage of foam is that it is an excellent re-flash protection when containment integrity is maintained. The main disadvantages are that: it requires water for application; premixed volumes shall be periodically tested and replaced; there is risk of freezing; there is risk of foam degradation by heat (foam storage shall be protected from sun radiation or shall be insulated). Foam can be applied from a foam- or water/foam- monitor (dual tube system), foam chambers, by external mobile fire-fighting equipment (fire truck, fire-fighting boat, etc.) or through fixed standard foam-water sprinkler systems (for CAF for instance). The CAF (Compressed Air Foam) is a homogenous foam produced by the combination of water, foam concentrate, and air or Nitrogen under pressure. Reference is made to amendments of the NFPA 11, for the design, installation, operation, testing and maintenance of CAF systems. The compatibility of foam and combustible materials shall be checked before use. It shall also be ensured that sufficient foam quantity is available to cover the entire area of a pool fire at one go; otherwise the partial foam blanket is destroyed by heat and the fire is out of control. Foam application shall be limited on hydrocarbon and polar solvent pool fires or for isolating hydrocarbons from air. Foam systems are not effective on gas pressure fires. Fire-fighting foam shall not be used to extinguish LPG jet fires. High-expansion foam can be used on LNG pool to limit evaporation. Page 9/32

Fire-fighting foam shall not be used to extinguish LPG fires: the effective use of foam is questionable because the applied foam may be a source of heat and may promote LPG vaporization from the refrigerated pool (see API STD 2510). Typical uses of foam systems are protection of retention areas, injection inside storage tanks, application on the rim of floating roof storage tanks and total flooding of sheltered areas (not considered as fully open) with oil processing equipment inside (e.g. oil shipping pump building). On FPSOs, foam shall be provided for: deluge systems, monitors and hydrants serving process areas; deluge systems, monitors and hydrants serving the hull deck (i.e. top of the tanks); hydrants where liquid pool fires can be anticipated; monitors in diesel and methanol loading areas; foam system for the helideck monitors; foam/ water monitors to cover the forward and aft mooring lines in case of a spread moored FPSO; fixed foam/water deluge system and/or foam/water monitors to cover the moon-pool and gantry areas in case of a turret moored FPSO. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 334 (foam systems design shall be in accordance with GS EP SAF 334) and GS EP SAF 341. 4.2.3 Gaseous systems Gaseous agents are especially suitable for Class C fires because they are electrically nonconductive and are also suitable for fires involving flammable liquids and other special hazards where water is undesirable. CO 2 and halogenated hydrocarbons have been commonly used in fire-extinguishing systems. Halogenated hydrocarbons are being phased out due to environmental concerns and should not be used in new applications. In enclosed areas of a relatively small volume such as gas turbines, diesel or gas engine enclosures, technical rooms, etc., fire extinguishing shall be achieved by inert gas injection into the premise or into the equipment itself if it is suitable to do so (e.g. electrical cabinet). Automatic discharge of gaseous extinguishing agents shall be inhibited when personnel are in an area, if there is a likelihood of harm to the personnel as a result of the discharge. Means of initiating the systems shall be readily accessible and simple to operate. Where systems are arranged for remote and/or automatic release, they should be installed so as to be manually operated with manual release points located at strategic locations, generally at the control valves and the entries to the protected space. When using CO 2 and/or other gases in places where there is a possibility that personnel get stuck in or enter into atmospheres that became hazardous by their discharge, suitable safeguards should be provided to: ensure prompt evacuation of personnel, Page 10/32

prevent personnel from entering into such atmospheres through audible and visual appliances. Means for prompt rescue of stuck personnel should also be provided. 4.2.3.1 Halons The use of Halons is prohibited for new systems due to its detrimental effect on the ozone layer and global warming. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332. 4.2.3.2 Halon replacements a) Halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents Regulation EC No 842/2006 of the European Parliament commits the Community and its Member States to reduce their emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases, such as FM200 TM and FE-13 TM, for instance. Since those products are halogenated hydrocarbons (HFC), they are now being phased out due to environmental concerns and shall not be used in new applications. They also leave residues that can be corrosive under certain circumstances. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are prohibited for fire protection systems and fire extinguishing systems. b) Non-halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents Some non-halogenated hydrocarbons extinguishing agents such as Fluroketon (e.g. Novec 1230 TM ) are now used in offshore and land-based oil and gas operations. It does not leave any messy residue to clean up, enabling systems to remain operational. It is intended to extinguish Class B fires and it gains increased acceptance in offshore drilling, production, storage and transportation vessels both for new builds and refurbishments. Their application is recommended only in unmanned rooms in onshore and offshore production sites, such as: Computer rooms: because the action of this extinguishing product does not affect the computers components. Archives rooms: because the action of this extinguishing product does not destroy paper and ink. Egress of personnel is required from a protected enclosure prior to system discharge. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332. 4.2.3.3 Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) An inert gas such as CO 2 discharged into a closed room or into enclosed spaces can be effective in extinguishing fires. CO 2 protects satisfactorily against electrical hazards. CO 2 does not extinguish fires involving materials containing their own Oxygen supply and also some reactive materials such as metal hydrides. Page 11/32

Due to static electricity hazard, fixed CO 2 systems should not be used to inert a flammable atmosphere to prevent ignition. These systems do not protect against re-flash and require vapour tight integrity for the space protected. CO 2 shall not be used in rooms that can be occupied (i.e. in normally manned rooms and in not permanently manned rooms). CO 2 shall not be used for protection of spaces that can be occupied by personnel due to suffocation risk. In manned rooms, fire extinguishment by CO 2 shall now be limited to the use of portable CO 2 extinguishers to protect electrical equipment. CO 2 total fixed fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used inside the hull or inside the accommodation block of a FPSO. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 331. 4.2.3.4 Inert Gases Other known inert gases are: steam used in fired heaters: see section 4.2.6 and GS EP SAF 227. non-depleting inert gases (such as InergenTM or other equivalent product) extinguish Class B or C fires by reducing the amount of Oxygen in the protected space and by smothering the fires: it provides rapid cooling and leaves no residue. It requires vapour tight integrity for the space protected. On FPSO, as CO 2 shall not be used, the inert gases (such as Inergen TM or other equivalent product) shall be used for fire protection applications, such as technical room floor voids, in order to both increase personnel safety and lower environmental impact. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332. 4.2.4 Dry chemical powder Dry chemicals extinguish fires by interrupting their chemical reaction. A dry chemical powder is composed of very small particles, usually sodium bicarbonate-, potassium bicarbonate-, or ammonium phosphate-based with added particulate material to provide resistance to packing and to moisture absorption and the proper flow capabilities. Chloride-based agents shall be avoided because they are corrosive and do not have any superior extinguishing characteristics compared to sodium bicarbonate-based agents. Furthermore, ammonium phosphate-based (multipurpose) dry chemical residues can cause corrosion when exposed to temperatures above 120 C or relative humidity above 50%. They generate toxic fumes. Dry chemical powder systems may be used for local fire suppression and are intended for application by means of portable extinguishers or small fixed systems. Different types of dry chemical powder exist, each one suitable for one or several types of fires, including Class D fires. They can also be used for LNG PSV on storage tanks. The selected powder shall be hydrophobic, shall not get compacted and remain permanently fluid on demand. In case of use in a twin agent system with foam, the selected powder shall be silicone-free. Page 12/32

The application of dry chemical powder may damage electrical equipment and, more generally, creates a serious problem of recovery and clean-up after discharge. It should, therefore, be avoided on fires involving computers or delicate instruments. 4.2.5 Water Mist Water mist or fine spray systems extinguish fires (Class A, B or C) by a rapid cooling effect, combined with localized displacement of Oxygen at the flame source as the mist is flashed into steam. Water mist systems have been proven effective in controlling, suppressing or extinguishing many types of fires. Potential applications include the following: flammable and combustible liquids; hazardous solids, including fires involving plastic foam furnishings; ordinary combustible fires (Class A) such as paper, wood and textiles. Water mist systems may be designed to protect a single location or multiple locations. Fire Extinction (local application): Since water mist acts much like a gas, it is most effective in enclosed spaces where application density can be maintained and the agent is not affected by wind currents. Water mist systems have difficulty in extinguishing small fires in large volume enclosures. Applications in relatively small compartments are well documented but local application in large compartments or in open areas shall be limited to well-defined fire situations. Fire Control (total flooding): Water mist systems are an alternative to gaseous systems. They may be used in applications suitable for a fixed gaseous or sprinkler system. Water mist control systems (fire controlled by total flooding or by curtains) are comparable to the controls for fixed gaseous systems. Water mist shall be an alternative for CO 2 total flooding fire protection for gas turbine, diesel engine or gas engine enclosures which is, in addition, provided by several suppliers as part of their integrated fire and gas system of the rotating equipment package (as per GS EP MEC 290). Considerations that should be addressed in the evaluation of the use of water mist systems include: suitability of the system for the particular application; provision of both, a suitable water and air supply, if needed, for the particular system; the size of the protected area and the degree of congestion; the fuel type and the nature of the fires which may be experienced; the effect on electrical and other sensitive equipment within the area of water mist application. The design of water mist systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 750. They shall, in particular, meet the requirements of this professional document as regards design objectives and fire test protocols. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 332. Page 13/32

4.2.6 Steam The general use of steam onshore as an extinguishing agent can be ineffective mainly due to the lack of a large quantity of steam. A substantial delay occurs before sufficient air is displaced or diluted to render the atmosphere incapable of supporting combustion. However, since steam is cooler than the flame and the water vapour has a high thermal capacity, there are special situations in which steam is effective, such as: smothering steam in furnace fire boxes and header boxes (such as hot oil furnaces); steam rings on equipment flanges; steam rings on hot-tap equipment and hot heat exchanger; steam curtain. Steam shall not be injected into large vapour spaces such as cone roof tanks containing flammable mixtures; static electricity generation from such application is believed to have been the source of ignition for fires in the past. 4.3 Additional considerations for the installation of fire-fighting systems It is not possible to define all the fire-fighting requirements applicable to every case and regardless of circumstances. The factors listed below (and others if applicable) shall be contemplated in the process leading to the decision to install a fire-fighting system, its type and the level of protection it provides: equipment size (as an image of the potential hazard it presents, e.g. a storage tank); equipment cost (balanced against the cost of a fire protection system); applicable codes, regulations, Insurance Company and statutory requirements; facility s geographical location (e.g. onshore versus offshore, populated versus desert area, etc.); criticality within the Operating Company production scheme (e.g. one out of n gathering battery versus main export pump station, local electrical substation versus main switch gear room, etc.); asset protection policy put in force by the Operating Company. Each case shall be studied during project phase. As a general rule and when the decision to implement a fire protection system on equipment has been made, the concerned equipment (e.g. pump, skid, vessel, tank, etc.) shall be entirely covered by the said protection system. If a derogation is needed, it shall be submitted to the COMPANY for approval. 4.4 Rules for onshore/ offshore installations 4.4.1 Offshore The following functional requirements are applicable to offshore installations used for the development of hydrocarbons resources, such as: fixed offshore structures, Page 14/32

floating production, storage and off-take systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries. 4.4.1.1 Fixed open-type offshore production platforms 4.4.1.1.1 Manned Installations Fixed fire water systems are required for manned platforms or platforms adjacent to a manned platform. In the following areas, typical fixed fire water systems are: a) Well, process and hydrocarbon storage areas fire water systems: hose reels, monitors and manual deluge systems; water and foam in areas with drip pans or solid steel decking; automatic fixed water spray systems capable of wetting critical surfaces. b) Enclosed well and process areas automatic fixed water spray systems or dry chemical systems; in enclosed areas: water type total flooding systems are preferred over dry chemical systems; gaseous systems shall not be used in these areas. c) Open machinery areas manual fire water systems: on non-electric driven compressors and pumps; water and other agents (such as foam): in areas containing drip pans or solid steel decking; automatic fixed water spray/foam or water mist systems: in hydrocarbon pumps located outside the buildings; gaseous and dry chemical systems are not recommended for gas compressors or electrical generators outside the buildings. d) Enclosed machinery areas portable dry chemical extinguishers; manual hose reels and foam systems shall be installed near the enclosure or the enclosed space is protected by a fixed gaseous or water mist system; gas compressors, hydrocarbon pumps and generators in inadequately ventilated enclosed areas shall be protected by an automatic water spray, a water mist, a dry chemical or a gaseous system if permitted by a regulatory authority. e) Electrical equipment areas automatic gaseous systems shall be installed to protect electrical equipment in enclosed buildings. f) Living quarters portable extinguishers shall be located throughout the living quarters accordingly; Page 15/32

water hose reels shall also be strategically located near or inside the living quarters and shall be accessible at each level; sprinkler or water mist systems shall also protect the living quarters: - automatic dry chemical, water mist or wet foam systems should be considered in stove and fat fryers areas; - automatic water sprinkler or water mist systems should be considered in noncooking areas of living quarters; - total flooding automatic gaseous systems shall not be used inside living quarters. 4.4.1.1.2 Unmanned Installations For unmanned platforms containing production facilities, in addition to the hand-held portable fire extinguishers, mobile fire-fighting equipment is required with a minimum of one 150 lb (68kg) wheeled dry chemical unit per deck (excluding boat landing and sub-cellar deck). It is recommended to install a fixed twin agent skid foam and dry chemical powder (foam water/chemical powder with a minimum weight of 250 to 500 kg) corresponding to 150 lb (68kg) on each deck with discharge nozzles at different decks (from the lower deck up to the upper deck). In lieu of all this equipment, a fire water system may be used. Generally, equipment such as fire hoses, portable or semi-portable extinguishers, and certain fixed systems are manually controlled requiring personnel to first recognize the fire or risk of fire and then activate the system. Mobile pumps and mobile fire-fighting equipment are required: During hot works, on unmanned platforms not equipped with fixed fire water systems. Interventions can be covered by the availability of a twin agent skid or a fixed dry riser system. During drilling and work-over operations, on wellhead platforms not equipped with fixed fire water systems. All unmanned platforms shall be fitted with a fixed dry riser type system extending from the boat landing up to the upper deck to enable all mobile units (service boats, utilities boats) or a drilling rig on the top to deliver water to the system. Fixed dry riser type systems shall be made of copper-nickel and designed to enable the delivery of water on each deck at opposite locations: the flow rate is limited to 120 m 3 /h. All hand-held equipment shall be foreseen on the platform in a special cabinet or brought in by the works team and shall be connected to the hydrants. For major fire fighting throughout the platform, it is necessary to rely on the fire-fighting boats. The affiliate emergency and contingency plans shall include the need for fire fighting vessels and how to use them. As a guideline, a simple design rule can be used for the design of the water flow rate on the firefighting vessels: the fire water vessel pump capacity should correspond, as a minimum, to the design of a fixed system network that could have been installed on the platform. Example: for a wellhead platform with 9 wells, the minimum fire water pump nominal flow rate for a fire-fighting vessel shall be 240m 3 /h as per GS EP SAF 322. Page 16/32

4.4.1.2 Floating production, storage and off-take systems For FPSO, FSO, FPU and any moored floating unit that has oil storage capacity and production capacity and also for floating hydrocarbon processing facilities such as semi-submersibles, tension leg platform s (TLP) and SPAR s, fixed water deluge and foam systems shall be installed to protect the following typical areas and equipment: equipment, vessels & piping handling or storing significant quantities of hydrocarbon and flammable fluids; Hull deck and cargo tank areas. Fire protection measures shall be taken according to the risk and they include the following: Firewater deluge systems for process areas to cool down the hydrocarbon containing equipment in the affected areas during a fire event. Foam deluge used with the firewater deluge systems for the hydrocarbon handling and process areas to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires. Foam deluge used with the firewater deluge systems for the Hull deck and Cargo tanks area to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires. Firewater / foam hydrants for all FPSO areas. Firewater / foam monitors to cover the FPSO main and hull deck areas. Firewater / foam monitors to cover any sections of the FPSO mooring lines above the sea level. Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the internal areas and floor voids of instrument, electrical and emergency electrical technical rooms, telecommunication technical room and computer room. Fixed water mist total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the gas turbine enclosures and the diesel engine enclosures. Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for unmanned technical rooms on the deck areas. Fixed inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems for the technical rooms inside the hull and inside the accommodation block. Only portable extinguishers in the accommodation block (no sprinklers). All the internal horizontal and vertical partitions of the Accommodation Building shall comply with fire protection ratings as specified by the latest IMO SOLAS rules. Hence, there is no requirement for water sprinkler systems for the internal areas of the accommodation building. Manual fire hydrants (foam and water) and manual fire fighting portable / wheeled fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout the FPSO to permit rapid intervention on open area fires including the diesel storage tanks and bund areas. 4.4.2 Onshore Fixed fire water systems are required for the protection of processing and storage facilities handling liquids, liquefied hydrocarbons or gases. For low risk units, mobile equipment may be envisaged. Page 17/32

Mobile fire-fighting equipment is required for production installations (wellheads), during drilling and work over operations. For remote onshore locations, a twin agent skid could be provided to cater for flammable hazards (for instance for remote onshore wellhead area). In the following areas, typical fixed fire water systems are as follows: a) Process and Hydrocarbon storage areas fire water systems: hydrants, monitors and automatic deluge systems; water and foam in hydrocarbon retention bunds; dry chemical systems. b) Open Machinery areas manual fire water systems: on non-electric driven compressors and pumps; water and other agents (such as foam): in areas containing drip pans; automatic fixed water spray/foam or water mist systems: in hydrocarbon pumps located outside the buildings; gaseous and dry chemical systems are not recommended for gas compressors or electrical generators outside the buildings. d) Enclosed machinery areas portable dry chemical extinguishers; manual hose reels and foam systems shall be installed near the enclosure or the enclosed space is protected by a fixed gaseous or water mist system; gas compressors, hydrocarbon pumps and generators in inadequately ventilated enclosed areas shall be protected by automatic water spray, water mist, dry chemical or gaseous systems if permitted by regulatory authority. e) Electrical equipment areas automatic gaseous systems shall be installed to protect electrical equipment in enclosed buildings. 4.5 Active or passive protection Active fire protection systems, such as deluge, may be complemented by other means in order to respond to a specific fire hazard. An adequately designed passive protection system e.g. by separation distances, passive fire proofing (PFP), locating pipelines and tanks underground, etc., is also an additional protection that shall be carefully contemplated and the final choice should be made among passive or active or any combination of both types of protection. PFP requires, for instance, to be externally inspected on a regular basis and several inspections hatches/panels shall be foreseen. In the event of damage of a PFP, this one shall be professionally repaired. Since the proper application of PFP needs to be done under specific conditions (humidity and temperature), it is obvious that maintaining the PFP after production start-up requires additional OPEX costs. A few typical cases are discussed below. Page 18/32

4.5.1 Vessel containing liquefied gas Where passive protection of the vessel is provided, and if the duration of fire resistance is sufficient to enable depressurization through the blow down network, a deluge system may not be required. For further details, refer to GS EP SAF 261. Nevertheless, in the event of fire, the PFP has limitations and shall, after a given time (around 15 minutes), be supported by regular fire fighting with the help of monitors and hydrants. Monitors shall then be automatic instead of manual, based on accessibility. If such is the case, foam pourers on the bounds of the vessel shall be activated automatically upon confirmed outdoor fire detection, irrespective of jet fire case or pool fire case. Onshore, storage facilities for LPG at marine and pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries, petrochemical plants and tank farms, shall be protected by a fire water system. The storage facilities covered here are LPG installations such as: storage vessels and associated loading/ unloading/ transfer systems. Water is the primary means of fire protection for LPG storage facilities. There are three primary methods that may be used to apply water to LPG storage vessel exposed to fires: water deluge, fixed monitors, and water spray. In addition to that, portable equipment may be used but should not be considered a primary method of water application. 4.5.2 Slug catchers Large equipment, such as finger type slug catchers, would require large amounts of water for protection and large disposal systems to achieve a rapid depressurization. They are often partially protected by a deluge on both extremities of the equipment only (because of the presence of flanges and instruments), associated with a suitable retention basin and an adequate foam application system. Another alternative, when feasible, could be passive fire protection (combination of fire proofing, burying, offset retention basin), associated with other suitable complementary measures. 4.5.3 Structures Offshore structures could be protected by fireproofing materials or cooled down by a deluge system in order to enable sufficient time for personnel evacuation. Onshore structures may be fireproofed in order to reduce the risk of fire spreading. Typical applications are pipe racks, elevated vessels, etc. If fireproofing materials are installed, a deluge system for the structure is generally not required. For further details refer to GS EP SAF 337, API STD 2510 and API Publ 2510A. 5. Selection of fire protection systems on typical areas The following tables, broken down by type of facility, provide guidance on the selection of protection systems on typical petroleum production areas. They shall be used to select the type of fire-fighting system where a protection is required (see 4). Page 19/32

5.1 Processing and production installations Type of installation Wellhead Process areas Process equipment Utilities Table 1: protection systems for processing and production installations Equipment Protection system (when required) X-mas tree Deluge Manifold Deluge/ foam Deluge/ foam Firewater deluge systems for process areas (to cool down the hydrocarbon containing equipment in the affected areas during a fire event) Foam deluge used with firewater deluge systems for the hydrocarbon handling and process areas (to provide fire-extinguishing capability for liquid hydrocarbon spill fires) Vessel (note 1) Deluge Pump (note 2) Deluge + low expansion foam application Pump (note 3) High-expansion foam application Metering equipment Nothing or deluge if specific requirement Compressor (note 4) Deluge Slug catcher (finger type) Deluge on both extremities + foam application on the retention area Steam or inert gas injection into burner and Heaters and furnaces stack + water curtain around equipment + (including Incinerators) optional foam application in retention area if flammable process fluid Hot oil, glycol re-boiler As above (note 5) Engine (note 6) Deluge and/or dry powder Engine/ turbine (note 7) See section 5.7 Pig trap Deluge Risers and pipelines Manifold Deluge Interconnection pipe rack Deluge inside battery limit Piping Main pipe-way See note 8 Structures Structure exposed to radiation in case of fire Deluge or fireproofing material or water/ concrete filling Note 1: vessels, columns, heat exchangers, air cooler, etc. Note 2: all pumps handling flammable products, except LPG pump, and installed in an open area or in a sheltered one. Note 3: all pumps handling flammable products and installed in an enclosed area. Note 4: compressors located in an open area or a sheltered area. Note 5: special attention shall be paid to foam selection to avoid a reaction with glycol. Note 6: combustion engines driving non-petroleum equipment located in an open area or a sheltered one. Note 7: engine or turbine installed inside an enclosed area. Note 8: adequate pipe-way design so as to enable spill containment and ease foam application. Page 20/32

5.2 Oil and LPG storage Table 2: protection systems for oil and LPG storage Type of installation Oil tanks LPG tanks Equipment Fixed roof tank (atmospheric type) Floating roof tank Protection system (when required) Deluge with low-expansion foam or with AFFF on the tank skirt outside Low-expansion foam injection inside the tank (subsurface system ) No deluge is required on the roof, except in particular cases in which the tank roof can be reached by thermal radiations coming from an adjacent tank full surface fire Deluge with low-expansion foam or with AFFF on the tank skirt outside Foam application system on the rim seal with a self contained foam generation skid on the floating roof Fire retardant rim seal Retention area Foam application in the retention area Sphere or tanks Deluge + fireproofing on the sphere supporting legs Under embankment or buried Retention area Foam application in the retention area Italic denotes a complementary measure LNG tanks are not addressed by the present General Specification. Page 21/32

5.3 Loading installations Table 3: protection systems for loading installations Type of installation Equipment Protection system (when required) Road or rail terminal Loading area Deluge + foam application system Tanker terminal Manifold Foam application system Loading area Jetty Remote controlled monitors + water curtains between jetty and tanker (if necessary) Foam application system at jetty (with elevated tower monitors) (note 1) Note 1: refer to ISGOTT (fifth Edition, 19.5) for minimum provisions of fire-fighting equipment at jetty. 5.4 Evacuation and rescue Water curtains, deluge systems, monitors and heat shielding where practical, could be used to reduce radiation in order to provide protection to personnel during escape and evacuation. 5.5 Heliport and helideck Table 4: protection systems for heliports and helidecks Type of installation Equipment Protection system (when required) Heliport Near accesses 2 foam systems + portable extinguishers including CO 2 Helideck with refuelling Helideck without refuelling Near accesses Same as heliport Twin agent skid + CO 2 portable extinguishers Near accesses Foam/dry chemical Specific precautions shall be taken for helidecks made of Aluminum, especially for the choice of chemical dry powder (listed for use on class D fires). Helidecks made of Aluminum shall also be equipped with a specific foam application system for the protection of the helideck itself. Helideck fire protections may vary depending on helicopter types, the size of facility, the manning arrangements and the area of operation. Existing practices include portable fire extinguishers, local dedicated foam systems and foam monitors connected to the fire main. Helidecks shall comply with the standards of any authority having jurisdiction over the helideck. For further details, refer to ISO 13702:1999 - B8.13. Typically on manned installations, suitable AFP systems for fires involving aircraft engines, crash incidents or fuelling activities should be provided. Fire-extinguishing equipment should be readily accessible at the helideck. Where fire-water is required, location of fire-water pump start facilities should be considered at each helideck emergency response location, and the supply arrangements should ensure no interruption of fire-water supply during fire-fighting. Page 22/32

A central foam system which injects foam concentrate into the fire-water mains at the fire pump discharge should not be normally used as a primary means of helideck protection, unless it can be demonstrated that the delay in the fire-water/foam solution reaching the helideck foam monitors is acceptable. Such a central foam system may, however, be used as a back-up system for protection of the helideck, should the dedicated helideck foam system be unavailable. Where foam is applied by means of fixed monitors, sufficient monitors should be provided, spaced at approximately equal distances around the helidecks. 5.6 Permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms Table 5: protection systems for permanently manned and not permanently manned rooms Type of installation Technical room (note 1) HVAC room Radio room Equipment Protection system (when required) Rooms CO 2 portable extinguishers Cabinets and panels Cable floor/ Floor voids Cable ceiling CO 2 portable extinguisher Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Stop ventilation and close dampers before discharge. See note 2 Possible voltage disconnection of each cabinet Manual fixed inert gas total flooding system for floor voids and cable floor Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Stop ventilation and close dampers before discharge. See note 2 CO 2 portable extinguishers Manual fixed inert gas total flooding system for ceiling Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Room CO 2 portable extinguishers Cabinets and panels Room Floor voids Inert gas CO 2 portable extinguishers Possible manual voltage disconnection of each cabinet CO 2 portable extinguishers Flame retardant and fire resistant cables Computer tape store Store CO 2 portable extinguishers Clean agent Halon replacements for unmanned rooms Fireproof storage. Location remote from data processing facilities Page 23/32

Type of installation Battery room Living quarters, offices, workshops and warehouses Room Equipment Floor voids Inert gas Room Floor voids Inert gas Protection system (when required) CO 2 portable extinguishers Adequate ventilation and suitable electrical equipment Portable extinguishers Hose reels at suitable location Optional sprinkler system where imposed by local regulations High expansion foam on flammable liquids storage Kitchen Kitchen hood CO 2 portable extinguishers Water mist Laboratory Deep fat fryer Dry chemical Clean agent Room CO 2 + water portable extinguishers Inert gas Floor voids Inert gas Italic denotes complementary measures. Note 1: includes control room, switch gear room, instrument room, computer room, electrical room. Note 2: a relative tightness is necessary between the cable floor and the other areas (room, cabinets, cable floor of another room) to achieve a good efficiency of the total flooding. For instance, on a FPSO, automatic and manual inert gas (like Inergen TM for instance) total flooding fire extinguishing systems can be provided to protect the room and the floor voids (if any) of each of the following not-permanently manned spaces: Hull Instrumentation Technical Room (Machinery Space level) Main Electrical Room (Machinery Space level) E/I building rooms and floors voids Laboratory Inert gas total flooding fire extinguishing systems can be provided to protect the floor voids of the following permanently manned spaces and shall be only activated by a manual operation device: Emergency Switch Room (LQ level) Accommodation Normal Switch Room (LQ level) Telecommunication Room (LQ level) Page 24/32