Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF IBA AND CUT TYPE ON ROOT INDUCTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOVE (DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS) Fteme Sherftmnd, Ali Ddr nd Ahmd Asghrzdeh Deprtment of Agriulture, Shirvn Brnh, Islmi Azd University, Shirvn, Irn Author for Correspondene ABSTRACT These studies were onduted to evlute the effet of different tretments of Indole utri id nd kind utting on the rooting ility nd morphologil properties of Clove. The studies were performed in ompletely rndomized design with two ftors nd tree replitions. The two ftors were seven distint levels of Indol utyri id (0, 50, 100, 200, 1000, 1500 nd 2000) nd two different levels of utting (Hill utting nd Softwood utting), respetively. Moreover, ten uttings were plnted in ny repetition. The results of experiment demonstrted tht there were signifint differenes mong tretments (t 1% nd 5% level). The effet of Indole utri id on rooting potentils, root lengths very signifint nd on root, wet weight of root, ws signifint nd on dry weight root, shoot lengths nd dry nd wet weight shoot ws not signifint. The highest root lengths were hieved (14.19 m) from 1500 mg/lit IBA nd lesser root lengths with 10.33 m from 50 mg/lit IBA were hieved. The highest nd lesser wet weight root ordinl (22.27 nd 4.2 mg) from 1500 mg/lit IBA nd ontrol were hieved. Keywords: Clove, IBA, Rooting Aility, Kind Cutting INTRODUCTION All seleted items of the grendines re dded in sexul method (Khoshkhoy, 2004). Mny vrieties of grendine re esily propgted through uttings. Stem uttings n e divided into hrdwood, semi-hrdwood nd soft-wood uttings depending on the prt of the plnt from whih they re tken. The reognition of ftors ffeting rooting is very notiele in the suess or filure of this method for the propgtion of mny plnts. Vrious geneti, environmentl, nd hemil ftors re involved in the suessful rooting of the uttings. Exittory effet of Oxin on the rooting of rose uttings ws reported in 1940 y Kirkptryk (Mtlui, 1999). Oxin positively effets the roses rooting following the inrese in root inititors nd slight elongtion of the. Ersishly et l., (2005) reported 3500 mg s the est onentrtion of Indole utyri id for rose rooting. Fuhs (2001) reported tht the rooting of multi-flor rose inresed s the onentrtions of Indole utyri id inresed to 11,000 mg per liter. The positive effet Indole Butyri id on rooting n e ssoited with the Oxin effet in stimulting the initil division of the first root ells (Khoshkhoy, 2004). (Gsper nd Heffinger, 1988) hve shown tht the initil division of the root ells is relted to pplied or internl Oxin. Izdi et l., (2012) reported in their study tht the inrese in Indole Butyri id onentrtion uses root length in rose, whih re onsistent with the results of the present study. Mollemi nd Chehrzi (2003) rgue tht inresed onentrtions of nphthlene eti id nd Indole-Butyri id inrese the length of in the uttings of rosette plnts nd shrus. This study ws rried out to evlute the effet of Indole Butyri Aid nd the type of uttings on rooting nd morphologil hrteristis of grendine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This reserh ws rried out in Mrh 2014 in Mr. Pishevr s floriulture greenhouse in the new elt wy of Shirvn ity 37o nd 40 minutes of ltitude nd 57o nd 93 minutes of longitude with the height of 1097 meters ove se level. For this study, ftoril experiment ws used in ompletely rndomized design with 3 replitions in whih the first ftor inluded Indole Butyri id onentrtion t four levels: 0, 50, 100 nd 200 mg per liter for 10 minutes (delyed tretment method) nd IBA t 0, 1000, 1500 nd 2000 mg per liter for 5 seonds (rpid tretment method), nd the seond ftor inludes: Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2986
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile softwood stem uttings nd heel uttings. In eh repetition, there were 10 uttings of grendine in wy tht 5 uttings were used to nlyze the properties relted to the root nd 5 were used to nlyze the properties relted to the flower. Cuttings were otined from the helthy virus-free mother plnts on April 17, 2014. The uttings were seleted in 10 m items nd were plnted fter ed disinfetion nd tretment. The ulture ed inluded perlite nd oopet whih ws poured into speil ulture ple. For disinfetion nd prevention of ontmintion with pthogeni miroorgnisms, ll grdening tools suh s lippers were disinfeted with lohol nd het efore the tretment. Before plnting, the uttings were wshed with wter nd then dried nd finlly they were disinfeted with the fungiide Benomyl with proportion of 2 in thousnd. In this method, the prepred solution ws poured into ontiner nd the uttings were put in unhes into Indole Butyri id nd, fter drying, they were out in the fungiide. The rpid sumergene method nd delyed tretment method were used. In rpid sumergene method, the uttings were unhed in 10 nd their studs were put in Indole Butyri id for 5 minutes; however, in delyed tretment method, they were put in rooting solution for 10 minutes. After hormone tretment, the uttings were dried for 20 minutes, then, y oserving pole orienttion, they were pled in the ulture ed. After 30 dys from the ulture, 5 uttings from eh tretment were removed from the ulture ed nd the following properties were evluted: rooting perentge, root length, root numer, root fresh weight, nd root dry weight. The otined dt were sttistilly nlyzed y the softwre MSTATC. The omprison of the mens ws lso done using Dunn Multiple rnge test nd Exel softwre ws used to depit the grphs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results The effet of Indole Butyri nd type of utting on rooting perentge the results of the vrine nlysis of Indole Butyri Aid independent effet on rooting perentge re shown in Tle 1. Aording to the results, Indole Butyri id onentrtions hve signifint effet on rooting perentge. Aording to the men omprison tle (Tle 2), the highest rooting perentge ws otined t the onentrtion of 1500 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id with (89.26%) whih shows signifint differene with the ontrol. The lowest perentge of rooting ws relted to onentrtion of 50 mg per liter of Indole- Butyri id with 72.37%, whih ws lower thn the ontrol. Chrt 1: Intertive effets of type of utting nd Indole -Butyri id on the rooting perentge of grendine uttings Bsed on the results regrding the independent effet of type of utting on rooting perentge (Tle 1), signifint differene ws otined t the 5% level etween different tretments of type of uttings on rooting perentge. The highest perentge of rooting (87. 39 perent) ws otined in heel uttings (Tle 3). The results for the vrine nlysis of the intertive effet of type of utting nd Indole Butyri id on rooting perentge re shown in Tle 1. Bsed on the results for the vrine nlysis, it Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2987
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile n e seen tht there is sttistilly signifint differene t 1% level etween type of utting nd Indole Butyri id onentrtions impting rooting perentge. The highest rooting perentge (89.26%) ws otined in heel uttings nd 1,500 mg onentrtion per liter of Indole-Butyri id. The lowest perentge of rooting (39%) ws otined in softwood stem utting nd onentrtion of 2000 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id (hrt 1). The results indite tht the use of Indole-Butyri id hs used signifint inrese in the rooting perentge, whih is onsistent with the findings of other reserhers (Sun nd Bsque, 1991). The positive effet of Indole Butyri id on rooting is due to Oxin effet in stimulting the division of the first inititor ells of the root (Khoshkhoy, 2004). Oxin tretments nd rooting in the mist system use ell division nd development in the ortex, xylem nd the germinl lyer, whih reks the Slerotini rings. In this study, not only did the inrese in onentrtions from 1,500 to 2,000 milligrms per liter fil to inrese the rooting perentge, ut lso it redued it. The est rooting perentge (89.26) ws oserved in the heel uttings heel uttings nd onentrtion of 1,500 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id. The positive effet of heel uttings heel uttings in rooting of the uttings under study is proly due to the sustnes stored in suh uttings, euse in this kind of uttings, there is prt of the older stem whih hs more food nd filitting sustnes ville. This property is espeilly notiele in the uttings of esy-rooting plnts. But in the uttings of hrd-rooting plnts, the newer the stem is, the etter it (Khoshkhoy, 2004). The lest rooting perentge ws oserved in soft-wood uttings nd onentrtion of 2,000 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id, whih is due to the inrese in Indole Butyri id nd the type of the utting, euse the more delite the plnt tissue is, the more sensitive it grows to higher onentrtions of Indole Butyri id nd this will redue the rooting perentge. Effet of Indole Butyri Aid nd Type of Cuttings on Rooting Bsed on the results of vrine nlysis (Tle 1), regrding the independent effet of Indole-Butyri id on root length, signifint differene t the 5% level ws oserved etween different root onentrtion levels on root length. With respet to the results for the omprison of mens (Tle 2), the mximum root length (14.19 m) ws otined t onentrtion of 1,500 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id whih ws signifintly different from the ontrol. The lowest root length, too, ws otined t onentrtion of 50 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id yielding 10.33 m. As ws seen, rpid tretment with high onentrtion effets root elongtion. The results for the independent effet of type utting on root growth showed tht there is signifint differene t the 5% level etween different tretments of type of uttings on root length (Tle 1). With respet to the results for the omprison of mens (Tle 2), the root length of ws in the soft-wood stem of utting (12 m) ws more thn tht of heel uttings (10.21 m) whih were signifintly different from eh other (Tle 3). Chrt 2: Intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings on grendines uttings Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2988
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile The results of vrine nlysis regrding the intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings re listed in Tle 1. The investigtion of the results for vrine nlysis of intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings showed no signifint effet on root length. In ompring the mens of the intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings, the mximum root length (15.23 m) ws otined t onentrtion of 1,500 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id (Chrt 2). Seond to it ws heel uttings with root length of 14.37 m nd onentrtion of 1500 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id, whih hd no sttistilly signifint differene. The lowest root length with 10.1 m of root length m ws oserved in softwood stem uttings nd ontrol tretment (Chrt 2). The results indite tht the inrese in Indole-Butyri id onentrtion in delyed tretment nd softwood stem utting hs used signifint inrese in the men of root length nd hs signifint differene with other tretments, whih is onsistent with the findings of some of the reserhers. Izdi et l., (2012) lso reported tht n inrese in Indole Butyri id onentrtion inreses the length of the rose root, whih is onsistent with the results of this study. Mollemi nd Chehrzi (2003) Mollemi nd Chehrzi (2003) rgue tht inresed onentrtions of nphthlene eti id nd Indole-Butyri id inrese the length of in the uttings of rosette plnts nd shrus. Effet of Indole Butyri Aid nd Type of Cuttings on the Numer of Rooted Cuttings Bsed on the results of vrine nlysis (Tle 1) regrding the independent effet of Indole-Butyri id on root length, signifint differene t the 5% level ws oserved etween different root onentrtion levels on the numer of (Tle 1). Aording to Tle 2, the onentrtion of 200 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id, with the numer of 13.63, hd the gretest effet on the numer of ompred to other onentrtions, whih ws not sttistilly signifint different from the ontrol. A minimum of 8.83 ws otined t onentrtion of 2000 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id. The vrine nlysis of the independent effet of the type of utting on the numer of is shown in Tle 1. On investigting the vrine nlysis, there ws no signifint differene for the intertive effet of the type of utting nd Indole Butyri id on the numer of. Aording to the omprison tle of mens (Tle 3), the gretest numer of ws oserved with men of 12.16 in heel uttings, lthough it did not mintin sttistilly signifint differene with softwood stem uttings. The results for vrine nlysis of the intertive effet of type utting nd Indole Butyri id on the numer of root re shown in Tle 1. Through the investigtion of vrine nlysis, the lrgest numer of (17.14) ws otined in heel uttings nd the onentrtion of 1500 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id, nd the lest numer of (8.2) ws otined in softwood stem uttings nd the ontrol (Chrt 3). Chrt 3: Intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings on the numer of in grendine uttings Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2989
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile The results of this study indite tht with n inrese in the onentrtion of Indole-Butyri id, the numer of the hs inresed. It seems tht this is due to the effet of this regultor in stimulting the norml nd helping the development of root inititors. Effet of Indole Butyri Aid nd Type of Cuttings on the Fresh Root Weight in Grendines Bsed on the results of vrine nlysis (Tle 1) regrding the independent effet of Indole-Butyri id on fresh root weight, signifint differene t the 5% level ws oserved etween different onentrtions levels pplied on fresh root weight. With respet to the results for the omprison of mens (Tle 2), the mximum fresh root weight (22.27 mg) ws otined t onentrtion of 1,500 mg per liter of Indole-Butyri id whih ws signifintly different from the ontrol. The lowest fresh root weight is relted to the tretment of the ontrol with 4.2 mg per liter of Indole- Butyri id. The independent effet of type utting on fresh root weight showed no signifint differene (Tle 1). Aording to the results for the omprison of mens (Tle 2), the fresh root weight in heel uttings (with men of 15.93 mg) ws more thn tht of the soft-wood stem utting (8.2 mg) (Tle 3). The results for vrine nlysis of the intertive effet of type utting nd Indole Butyri id on fresh root weight re shown in Tle 1. Through the investigtion of vrine nlysis, signifint effet t the 5% level ws oserved etween onentrtions of Indole Butyri id nd type of utting on fresh root weight. The mximum fresh root weight (22.86 mg) ws otined in heel uttings t the onentrtion of 1000 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id. Next ws fresh root weight of 19.14 mg otined in heel uttings t the onentrtion of 200 mg per liter of Indole Butyri id, nd the lest fresh root weight (4.1 mg) ws otined in softwood stem uttings nd the ontrol (Chrt 4). Chrt 4: Intertive effet of Indole-Butyri id onentrtions nd type of uttings on fresh root weight in grendine uttings Disussion The results showed tht the est perentge of rooting ws oserved in the tretment with 1,500 mg of Indole Butyri id, in whih the positive effet Indole Butyri id on rooting n e ssoited with the Oxin effet in stimulting the initil division of the first root ells (Khoshkhoy, 2004). In this study, not only did the inrese in onentrtions from 1,500 to 2,000 milligrms per liter fil to inrese the rooting perentge, ut lso it redued it. This finding is onsistent with the study results of some reserhers in those high onentrtions of Oxin uses tissue destrution of the utting ottom (Puri nd Verm, 1994). Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2990
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile Tle 1: Vrine nlysis of different properties in rooting test of grendine uttings Men Squre SOV Replition Type of ut df 2 1 Dry weight of 0.124 1.983 Fresh weight of 0.881 15.231 ns Numer of 4.851 Length of )Cm( 1.921 22.361 Rooting perentge 73.68 3124.235 Conentrtion 6 ns 1.681 19.864 329.213 43.974 3851.972 Type of ut Conentrtion 6 1.311 4.548 10683 ns 1.109 ns 1236.943 Error 0.091 1.347 4.681 1.711 267.768 ns, nd re respetively non-signifint nd signifint t 5% nd 1% level of proility Tle 2: Men omprison of the effets of Indole Butyri id on rooting properties of using Dunn method IBA Fresh weight of Length of Dry weight of Numer Rooting mgr( of perentge )Cm( 0 e 0.89 e 4.2 12.48 11 77.83 50 d 1.36 d 6.45 13 10.33 72.37 100 3.39 12.44 11.19 12.26 77.61 200 2.31 9.68 13.63 11.24 81.13 1000 4.6 19.21 9 12.19 81.09 1500 6.45 22.27 12 14.19 89.26 2000 3.62 17.61 8.83 12.62 84.19 Mens with the sme letters in eh olumn re signifintly different t 5% of proility Tle 3: Comprison of the men of effet of type of utting on rooting properties of grendines utting root y Dunn's method Type of utting Fresh Dry weight Root weight of Numer Rooting of length mgr( of )Cm( perentge Softwood stem utting 0.91 8.2 11.23 12 75.63 Heel utting 1.78 15.93 12.16 10.21 87.39 Mens with the sme letters in eh olumn re signifintly different t 5% of proility REFERENCES Ersishli S, Eshitken A, Anpli O nd Shhin (2005). Effet of sustrte nd IBA onentrtion on dventitious root formtion hrdwood utting of rose dumlis. At Hourtiulture 690 149-152. Fhimi H (2009). Plnt Growth Regultors, 2d edition (Institute of Tehrn University Press) Tehrn. Fuhes HWM (2001). Root Regenertion of Rose Plnts s Influened y Applied Auxins. Agriulturl university (Deprtment of Hortiulture pulisher: Friend siene pulisher). Izdi Z, Zrei H nd Alizdeh M (2012). Effet of Indole Butyri id hormone on ppel of the grft of greenhouse rose on wild rose, First Ntionl Conferene on Agriulture. Khoshkhoy M (2003). Plnt Synergism (Plnt Propgtion): Priniples nd Methods (Shirz University press) 2. Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2991 0.32 ns
Indin Journl of Fundmentl nd Applied Life Sienes ISSN: 2231 6345 (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t www.iteh.org/sp.ed/jls/2014/04/jls.htm 2014 Vol. 4 (S4), pp. 2986-2992/Fteme et l. Reserh Artile Mtlui M nd Chehrzi (1999). Effets of IBA hormone nd the grft point in the suess of grfting lefy rose on Ros nin. A student thesis. Mollemi N nd Chehrzi (2003). The effet of Oxin hormone on the rooting of lefy nd non-lefy rosettes. Proeedings of the Third Congress of Hortiulturl Siene 110-118. Puri S nd Thompson FB (2003). Reltionship of wter to dventitious rooting in stem utting of populous speies. Agroforestry System 58 1-9. Sun W nd Bssuk NI (1991). Effet of nding nd IBA on roting nd ud rek in uttings of pple tok MM.106 nd frnklini. At Hortiulture 9(1) 40-43. Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 2992