Optimizing the use of Chilled Beams for health and comfort GUNNAR SVENSSON
Lighting Sound Level Air Quality Cleaning Temperature Layout Maintenence Furniture Security
How can we reduce the energy consumption? Increase the indoor temperature More effective insulation High performance windows More efficient HVAC system
Room temperature 73 F
Increase room temperature 2 F more 7% saving 75 F
High performance windows
Cooling demand Building frame Light 2 pane glazing 0,76 2146 Btu/h 629 W Shading factor Pilkington grey 0,48 1603 Btu/h 470 W Pilkington kappa 0,31 1306 Btu/h 383 W Medium 592 W 443 W 365 W Heavy 549 W 405 W 1112 Btu/h 326 W Choosing the right quality of glass can save lots of money Smaller HVAC installation (Chiller, AHU, Indoor climate products etc) Despite higher initial investment costs very short pay-back period!
Thermal storage Floor Walls Ceiling
Peak Load vs Running Load Peak Load 37-44 Btu/h/ft² Running Load 37-44 Btu/h/ft² 22-29 Btu/h/ft² Sunlight Lighting Computers People - Sunlight Lighting Computers People BUILDING FRAME Latent energy (fancoils/vrv)
Design tools Carrier - HAP Swegon- ProClim -ProSelect Trane -TRACE
References Silic Immobilien, Paris Over 930.000 sqf with Chilled Beams Past design: 40 Btu/h ft² Today s design: 27 Btu/h ft²
Cost saving potential Peak load Running load Room unit 100% 60-70% Air handling 100% 100% Piping 100% 60-70% Control system 100% 100% Cooling unit 100% 60-70% Running cost 100% 60-80%
To choose a climate system Air/air Air/water Air/refrigerant VAV CAV Ceiling Perimeter VRV Fan-Coils Fan Coils Passive Beams Flat ceiling Beams ActiveBeams Chilled Beams Induction units Induction units Fan-Coils
Chilled Beams Passive Beams Exposed Integrated Comfort Module Closed Integrated Exposed Active Beams Closed Integrated Exposed Open Integrated
Water 3/4 water pipe 0.82 Ton (1.8 fps Δt 5.4 T) Air 10 air duct 0.82 Ton (17 fps Δt 14.4 T) 16
Energy Carriers PROPERTIES WATER AIR Density ρ lbm /ft³ 62.4 0.07 Kg/m³ 1000 1.2 Spec. heat cp Btu/lbm F 1.00 0.24 kj/kg C 4.18 1.005
History
Swegon the inventor of chilled Beam
Evolution of Chilled Beams 1 st generation Invented in the late 50 s Ceiling installation for heating/cooling Cooling capacity 25-28 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 1$/Btu/h
Evolution of Chilled Beams 2 nd generation Invented in the early 70 s Radiant Chilled Beam for heating/cooling Cooling capacity 38 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,54$/Btu/h
Evolution of Chilled Beams 3 rd generation Invented in the late 70 s Chilled Beam for heating/cooling and ventilation Cooling capacity 47 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,43 $/Btu/h
Evolution of Chilled Beams - 4 th generation Invented 1984 convection Passive Chilled Beam Chilled Beam for cooling Cooling capacity 63 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0,29 $/Btu/h
Evolution of chilled beams 5 th generation Invented 1987 Induction Active Chilled Beam Chilled Beam for cooling, heating and ventilation Cooling capacity 95 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0.22 $/Btu/h ADC from 2000
Evolution of chilled beams 6 th generation Invented 2004 Comfort Module Parasol Cooling, heating and ventilation Cooling capacity 95 Btu/h ft 2 Installation cost 0.18 $/Btu/h Four way spread
Available in two sizes 2 x 2 2 x 4
Active Chilled Beams Fresh Air Handling Unit Extract air back to AHU for Heat recovery Duct system from AHU with treated air Active chilled beams duct connected to the AHU
Comfort module no moving parts! Nozzles Cooling Coil Treated fresh air Supply air Induced warm room air
Function cooling WATER COIL FRESH AIR CIRCULATING WARM ROOM AIR CHILLED DISTRIBUTION AIR
Induction 1 Example Comfort Module 2 x4 106 cfm & 0.6 inwg) Cooling capacity water 3400 Btu/h 4 3 1:st induction rate 2,7 2:nd induction rate 1,0 5 2 1. Treated fresh air 106 cfm-59 F 2. 1st induction 287 cfm-75 F 3. Distribution air outlet 394 cfm-63 F 4. 2:nd induction 394 cfm-75 F 5. Mixed distribution & room air 788 cfm-69 F
PARASOL
PARASOL
Design of Chilled Beams
Design criteria Sweden S.Europe Dubai Req.cooling 18-26Btu/h/ft² 26-33Btu/h/ft² 33-40Btu/h/ft² Temperature 77ºF 77ºF 75ºF Fresh air 21-42 cfm/ person Local regulations ASHRAE 90:1 Recirculation no yes yes Energy recovery yes yes yes
Cooling Air Air Quality Temperature 1/3 Water Temperature 2/3
Think of Dehumidifying in the FAHU No condensation in the room No need of a drainage system Fresh air duct connected to the Chilled Beams Control of supply water temperature Control of the air leakage into the building
Principle of getting controlled cold water to Chilled Beams AHU RH 75ºF Room Temp 75ºF 86ºF 55-57ºF 45ºF 54ºF Chilled Beam 57ºF 63ºF 41ºF 54ºF Chiller Water tank 63ºF
Principle of getting controlled cold water to Chilled Beam AHU RH 75ºF Room Temp 75ºF 86ºF 55-57ºF 45ºF 54ºF Chilled Beam 57ºF 63ºF Heat Exchanger 41ºF Chiller Water tank 41ºF 54ºF
Humidity Control Central control - Exhaust air sensor Average RH of all rooms 1. Evaporator / condenser 2. Circulation pump 3. Shunt 4. Exhaust air duct 5. Chilled beam
room safety control One regulator per room Chilled beam On / off valve
Experience of Active Chilled Beams Symmetric load Experience shows that the risk for draught will increase with the combination of asymmetric heat load and high cooling capacity ADC gives the possibility to change air pattern without changing air flows, sound or pressure drop Asymmetric load
ADC Change air pattern Developed function 40 to + 40 10 per step
Modules in buildings
Easy to change Demands: Room sizes Before Furnishing Supply air direction Capacity After
VariFlow- change air volume Active Chilled Beam with possibility to change air volume and air pattern Same product for different air flows
VariFlow and ADC
Chilled Beams vs Fan-coil
Fan Coil vs Chilled Beams Air Handling Unit Air Handling Unit 64-68 F 61 F 43 F 57 F
Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Energy saving Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan No fan
Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Maintenance Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan Filter Drainage No fan No filter No drainage
Fan Coil vs Chilled Beam Comfort Fan coils Chilled Beam Fan No fan Secure Fresh Air Flow
Space Savings Reduced Floor-to-Floor Heights Smaller ducting allows for lower floor-to-floor heights and less building skin Smaller vertical air chases offer more usable (rentable) floor space
Saves ceiling space Height 7.9 Example: 40 storage building 7.9 lower per floor Saving: 25 of Building and facade or Get two more floors extra
Chilled Beam installation
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Projects used CB system in seeking LEED Certification. Chilled beams deliver good occupant comfort, enhance worker level productivity, contribute to indoor environmental quality by supplying acceptable levels of ventilation air, uniform air distribution, space humidity control, and low noise levels.
LEED credits Optimize Energy Performance Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Process Measurment and Verification
Case studies
Lifecycle of Influence and Cost Development Management Construction Management Facilities Management Construction & Commissioning Design & Specification Contracts, Negotiate Terms / Offering Master planning and Options Appraisal Feasibility Needs Analysis Operation Time
Ciner Plaza, Turkey Initial design: 2.500 Fancoil units Investment costs: $3.320.000 Expected running & maintenance cost: $ 525.000 (5 years)
Ciner Plaza, Turkey Final approach: 2.500 Chilled Beams Investment costs: $ 3.374.000 Expected running & maintenance cost: $ 140.000 (5 year) Expected total cost SAVING $ 385.000 (5year)
Norfin, Lisbon, Portugal Initial design: 2.237 Fancoil units Investment costs: $ 4.158.000 Expected running & maintenance cost: $ 756.000 (5 years)
Norfin,Lisbon,Portugal Final approach: 3.500 Chilled Beams Investment costs: $ 4.053.000 Expected running & maintenance cost: $ 224.000 (5 year) Expected total cost SAVING $ 532.000 (5year)
Constitution Center Bldg Floor area: 1.300.000 sqf Comparing: Chilled Beam and VAV Investment: + 10% -+15% Energy use: -10% - -12% Recoup the costs: 2.5 years LEED Gold certification Washington
Chilled Beams Systems & Energy Points Based on a HAP 4.4 LEED model in Chicago IL, 140,000 sq ft office building 6 story. Envelope and loads set to meet minimum conditions of ASHRAE 90.1-2007.
US references
US references with Chilled Beams Astra Zeneca Waltham Fletcher Allen Health WYLY Theatre Harvard University Northwestern Univ. Furman University Constitution Center Washington Marywood Univerity Tahoe Center Y2E2 Bldg Stanford Univ. D&L Packard Foundation 250 Wacker St. Chicago Univ. of California, St Cruz MIT Boston Univ. of California, Davis
Astra Zeneca Waltham
Constitution Center Bldg
World wide references
Science Tower, Stockholm, Sweden
SAS Headquarter Stockholm, Sweden
Arup Office London UK
BBVA, Madrid, Spain 7600 pcs Comfort Modules
DKV, Köln, Germany Refurbishment Cooling design: 80 W/m² Active Chilled Beams
Tour Ariane Paris 6500 Chilled Beams
Volkswagen factory, Dresden
Belga Com, Brüssel,Belgium
Active Chilled Beams in Abu Dhabi, UAE
DIFC LIGHTHOUSE TOWER 65 Floors LEED Platinum Active Chilled Beams
King Abdullah University, Jeddah, KSA
State Insurance New Zealand
Customer System Benefits High comfort level Adjustable air flow pattern No draft constant air flow Low noise Hygiene (no condensation) Reduced maintenance no drain pan no fan no filter High system efficiency Higher chilled water temperatures Suits free cooling applications Less fan blown air required System is perceived as providing excellent comfort with low operating costs.
Optimizing the use of Chilled Beams for health and comfort THANK YOU GUNNAR SVENSSON