INVASIVE PLANT UPDATE 2015 Mark J. Renz Associate Professor Extension Weed Specialist
What is an invasive species? NR 40, WI-DNR (2009): A nonnative species including hybrids, cultivars, subspecific taxa, and genetically modified variants whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/001/40.pdf
Examples of Economic Impacts Livestock performance reduced/death Poison hemlock, yellow star thistle Yield reduced Canada thistle, Buckthorn/honeysuckle Costs to manage crop increase Direct: Canada thistle Indirect: Soybean aphid that overwinters on buckthorn
Examples of Environmental Impacts Soil erosion increased due to displacement of grasses from spotted knapweed Changes in nutrient cycling in forests invaded with Bush honeysuckle + buckthorn Reductions in mycorrhizal associations in hardwood forests from garlic mustard
Examples of Human health Impacts Japanese barberry increases ticks /lyme disease Wild Parsnip: Phyto-photo-sensitivity Bush honeysuckle > lone-star tick + associated diseases
How are they regulated? Prohibited Control required Illegal to knowingly spread Restricted Control encouraged Illegal to knowingly spread Split listed Category changes depending on location in state
Difference between prohibited and restricted species Example of Prohibited Kudzu Example of Restricted Wild Parsnip
Do you know the invasive species rule was updated? Updated May 1 2015, Results of 2 year process Key points: New listed plants 40 new prohibited plants (aquatic + terrestrial) 27 new restricted plants (aquatic + terrestrial) 2 split listed Some ornamental plants listed (see next slide on phaseout) Black locust Japanese and Chinese wisteria Japanese barberry Burning bush See attached list with new list of detailed species
How are the important ornamental plants being regulated? Specific cultivars identified as regulated Burning bush (restricted) including the cultivar Nordine and excluding all other cultivars Japanese barberry (restricted) Sparkle, Anderson Lustre Green, Erecta, Bailgreen Jade Carousel, Angel Wings, Painter s Palette, Inermis ( Thornless ), Pow Wow, Golden Ring, Kelleriis, Kobold, JN Variegated Stardust and Antares. Variety atropurpurea cultivars: Marshall Upright ( Erecta ), Crimson Velvet, Bailtwo Burgundy Carousel, Red Rocket, Monomb Cherry Bomb, Bailone Ruby Carousel, JN Redleaf, Rose Glow and Silver Mile.
Will this impact the nursery industry? Clause that minimizes impact to industry Industry is being allowed a phase-out period to eliminate stock of species Plants in WI prior to 5/1/15 can be sold for 3 years for herbaceous plants & woody vines 5 years for trees and shrubs
How many are regulated? 68 prohibited species Yellow star thistle Kudzu (not in WI) 63 restricted species Wild parsnip Common buckthorn Garlic mustard 14 split listed Hill mustard Eurasian marsh thistle
How to prevent/minimize impact? 1. Prevent invasions from establishing National and statewide efforts 2. Detect invasions early and eradicate (EDRR) Local efforts work best
An example of why early detection is important! Amur honeysuckle invasion After 10 years of invasion, reductions in in forest herb regeneration can be observed After 20 years of invasion many native plants seeds are not present in the soil irreversible change Image courtesy of missouriplants.com
Resources to Assist in ID and Control http://fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci/ 36 factsheets ID and control 20 YouTube videos on ID (regulated species) http://weedid/wisc.edu = >300 species ID http://mipncontroldatabase.wisc.edu
More training available this fall Urban forestry workshops will focus on invasive plant training. Sept. 15th OshKosh Sept. 16th Green Bay Sept. 17th Menomonie Sept. 22th Clinton Oct. 1st Waukesha Oct. 2nd Stevens Point Cost will be between $35-45 and will include lunch, over $20 in educational information and in-field and classroom demonstrations Contact local county to register (see attachment)
How can you help? Goal is to prevent spread of plants Most effective way is to detect plants early and eradicate before they become widespread Knowledge of new infestations is most often the limiting factor Limited funding may be available to assist with management for PROHIBITED SPECIES
Report new infestations Several options on how to report 1. Contact me, DNR staff, county agent 2. Submit observation via the Great Lakes Early Detection Network 1. Online through website www.gledn.org 2. Mobile App To download go to http://apps.bugwood.org/mobile/gledn.html
Simple Report Form
Details of App Functional on apple/android Smartphones tablets Report across taxa Terrestrial and Aquatic Plants Insects Plant Pathogens Aquatic Invertebrates Fish Animals Fish and Animal Diseases http://apps.bugwood.org/mobile/gledn.html
Infestation information/notes Can make an observation < 1 min Add a picture GPS location Time spent monitoring
For a video tutorial see or contact me for the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zztjem0 F6C0&index=2&list=PLLq7T9GBdf8wbGakjYDc 7tYgrJ8x8HKgi 5 minutes long Intro to Downloading the App How to register How to submit an observation How to draw a polygon
What happens when a report is Verified Picture, visit submitted? Shared with the public Alert will be sent out to concerned land managers Available for research and outreach Updating regulations towards species Predicting future spread of species Motivate local groups to take action to control new populations
Summary Invasive plants can impact agriculture! The most effective way to manage invasive plants is through Prevention Early detection and eradication Reporting new infestations can help prevent many of these impacts Resources to assist in reporting
Thank you! Questions? mrenz@wisc.edu