Building Utilities 1 Plumbing and Sanitary Systems Taken from UST Architecture exams by Arch. Rafael Alli Recommended review material for UST Preboard Exam Prepared by: arkireviewph.multiply.com Types of Plumbing Piping Materials Cast iron pipe Galvanized iron/steel pipe Plastic pipe Brass pipe Copper tube Lead pipe Asbestos cement pipe Glass pipe magnesium pipe Aluminum pipe Types of Flexible Plastic Pipes Polyethylene Polybutylene Types of Rigid Plastic Pipes Polyvinylchloride Chlorinated polyvinyl Polypropylene Acrilonitryle butadiene styrene 1
Types of Galvanized Steel Pipes Welded pipe Seamless pipe Varieties of Cast Iron Pipe Standard pipe Single hub pipe Double hub pipe Hubless pipe Locations of Cleanout Change in direction Highest horizontal distance Inside the building near the connection between the building drain and building sewer Outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to grade Horizontal drain serving sinks and urinals Each run of piping more than 15m./50 ft. (8 possible locations accdg to exam - haven t found other answers) Locations of Floor Drain Shower Bathroom floor Garage Near water closet Laundry area Near urinal Kitchen? 2
Causes of Trap Seal Loss siphonage back pressure evaporation capillary attraction wind effects Types of Valves Gate valve Check valve Globe valve Angle valve Butterfly valve Foot Valve Safety valve Types of Traps P-trap S-trap 3/4 s-trap Grease trap Bag trap Crown trap Bell trap Types of Ventilation Systems Unit vent Circuit vent Yoke vent Loop vent Relief vent Back vent Blind vent Branch vent 3
Polyvinyl chloride Glass pipe A strong, rigid and economical plastic pipe. It resists a wide range of acids and bases but may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated carbons. A type of pipe manufactured from low expansion borosilicate having low alkali content; primarily used for the drainage of various corrosive liquids. It is very brittle and should be used when some measure of protection is provided against damage. Check valve A valve that permits the flow of liquid in a pipe in one direction only and closes automatically to prevent backflow. Floor drain A fixture providing an opening in the floor to drain water into the plumbing system. 4
cleanout Circuit vent A pipe fitting with a removable plug which provides for inspection or cleaning of the pipe run; also called an access eye or cleaning eye. A branch vent which serves two or more traps and extends from infront of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the stack. Vent pipe A pipe attached to drainage pipes near one or more traps which leads to outside air. Wye fitting A fitting used to connect a branch pipe into a straight run of piping at 45 degrees. 5
trap Seal Measurement A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of foul air, gases and some vermin without affecting the flow of sewage inside the pipe. The vertical distance between the top dip and crown weir of a pipe. Seepage pit / cesspool A lined and covered excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of domestic sewage or other organic wastes from a drainage system. Septic tank A watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system or part thereof and is designed and constructed so as to separate solids from liquid, digest the organic matter through a period of detention and allow the effluent to discharge into a drainage system. 6
Back vent Blind vent Also called an individual vent A vent which terminates on the upper side of the fixture and does not connect to the main vent system. This is sometimes done with the intent of cheating. Globe Valve A valve in which the flow of fluid is controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient seat in the body. Loop Vent A type of ventilation system used on fixtures in a room away from partitions. 7
Air Gap Trap The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of a waste pipe and the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle into which it is draining. A device or fitting which provides when properly vented, a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it. Horizontal Pipe Any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of less than 45degrees with the horizontal. Half Bath A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory. 8
Roughing-in Floor Mounted Fixture The installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. Refers to a plumbing fixture that rests on the floor. Flushometer A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes. Full Bath A bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory and a bathtub. 9
Hose bibb Area Drain A faucet to which a hose may be attached. A receptacle for wastes which are ultimately discharged into the sanitary drainage system. Riser A water supply pipe that extends one full storey or more to convey water to fixture branches or to a group of fixtures. Soil Stack A vertical line of piping that extends one or more floors and receives the discharge of water closets, urinals and similar fixtures. 10
Vent Pipe Stack Vent The pipe installed to ventilate a building drainage system and to prevent trap siphonage. (siphonage also syphonage - 2 accepted spellings) A vent which also serves as a drain. The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connection to the stack. Building Supply Pipe The pipe from the water main or other source of water supply to the water distributing system of the building. Vent Stack A vertical pipe installed in order to provide circulation of air to and from the drainage system. 11
Drain Pipe Siphonage/Syphonage A pipe that only conveys liquid waste, free from fecal matter. A suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes. Stack A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste and vent pipe extending through one or more storeys. Backflow The flow of water in pipes in a reverse direction from the which is normally intended. 12
Battery of fixtures Branch Any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch. Any part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack. Clean-out A fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines in to afford access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning their interior. Developed Length The length of pipe measured along the center line of the pipe and fittings. 13
Crown Weir Fixture Drain The highest part of the inside portion of the bottom surface at the crown of a trap. The drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe. Durham s System A term sometimes used to describe a soil or waste pipe system which is constructed of threaded pipe, tubing or other rigid construction, using recessed drainage fittings. Invert The lowest portion of the inside surface of any horizontal pipe. 14
Indirect Waste Pipe A waste pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid waste by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle. Sewer An artificial conduit, usually underground, for carrying off waste water and refuse. Alkalinity Cased by bicarbonates, carbonates or hydroxide components E.Coli Bacteria in water 15
Foamability Caused by detergent Flocculation Coagulation, alum is added Ferrous Bicarbonate Hardness Iron in water Caused by calcium and magnesium deposits 16
Zeolite Black Water Water softening Water plus human waste from toilets and urinals Grey Water Waste water from laundry area, lavatory, sink, shower and bathtub. Color/ Discoloration Caused by iron and manganese 17
Filtration Mode of turbidity correction Hydro-pneumatic System Indirect water distribution system 50-75 gpd 4 Water supply requirement for single family WSFU value for bathtub, public use 18
3/8 Minimum fixture supply size for lavatory Synonymous terms Toilet - water closet Individual vent - back vent Building sewer - Building drain - Clean-out - P-trap - Floor set - floor mounted Gate Valve - full way valve Hub - bell Lavatory - wash basin Vent stack - main vent Common vent - unit vent Soil or waste vent - Slop sink - service sink? Flocculation - coagulation Done! :) Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002 For additional review materials or contributions go to: www.arkireviewph.multiply.com Good luck! 19