Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science

Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science Volume 309 Series Editors Alisa Bokulich Department of Philosophy, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Robert S.Cohen Boston University, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA Jürgen Renn Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany Kostas Gavroglu University of Athens, Athens, Greece

The series Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science was conceived in the broadest framework of interdisciplinary and international concerns. Natural scientists, mathematicians, social scientists and philosophers have contributed to the series, as have historians and sociologists of science, linguists, psychologists, physicians, and literary critics. The series has been able to include works by authors from many other countries around the world. The editors believe that the history and philosophy of science should itself be scientific, self-consciously critical, humane as well as rational, sceptical and undogmatic while also receptive to discussion of first principles. One of the aims of Boston Studies, therefore, is to develop collaboration among scientists, historians and philosophers. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science looks into and reflects on interactions between epistemological and historical dimensions in an effort to understand the scientific enterprise from every viewpoint More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5710

Ana Simões Maria Paula Diogo Kostas Gavroglu Editors Sciences in the Universities of Europe, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Academic Landscapes 1 3

Editors Ana Simões Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT) Faculty of Sciences/University of Lisbon Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal Maria Paula Diogo Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT) Faculty of Sciences and Technology/ NOVA University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Kostas Gavroglu Department of History and Philosophy of Science University of Athens Athens Greece ISSN 0068-0346 ISSN 2214-7942 (electronic) Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science ISBN 978-94-017-9635-4 ISBN 978-94-017-9636-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9636-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014960229 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents 1 Introduction... 1 Ana Simões, Maria Paula Diogo, Kostas Gavroglu Part I Universities in the longue durée 2 Those that Have Most Money Must Have Least Learning : Undergraduate Education at the University of Oxford in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries... 11 Robert Wells 3 From Ørsted to Bohr:The Sciences and the Danish University System, 1800 1920.... 31 Helge Kragh 4 Changing Concepts of The University and Oxford s Governance Debates, 1850s 2000s... 49 Andrew M. Boggs 5 Challenging the Backlash: Women Science Students in Italian Universities (1870s 2000s)... 69 Paola Govoni 6 The University of Strasbourg and World Wars... 89 Pierre Laszlo 7 Universities in Central Europe: Changing Perspectives in the Troubled Twentieth Century... 107 Petr Svobodný v

vi Contents Part II Universities in diverse political contexts 8 University Models in Changing Political Contexts... 127 Gabor Palló 9 The Autonomous Industrial University of Barcelona (1933 1934?) and the Frustrated Expectations of Democracy in Pre-war Spain... 145 Antoni Roca-Rosell 10 Reform and Repression: Manuel Lora-Tamayo and the Spanish University in the 1960s............................... 159 Agustí Nieto-Galan 11 Universities in Russia: Current Reforms Through the Prism of Soviet Heritage and International Practice... 175 Evgeny Vodichev Part III Universities and Academic Research 12 University Societies and Clubs in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Britain and Their Role in the Promotion of Research... 193 William C. Lubenow 13 The German Model of Laboratory Science and the European Periphery (1860 1914).... 211 Geert Vanpaemel 14 Foundation of the Lisbon Polytechnic School Astronomical Observatory in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Step Towards Establishing a University.... 227 Luís Miguel Carolino 15 The Political and Cultural Revolution of the CNRS: An Attempt at the Systematic Organisation of Research in Opposition to the Academic Spirit... 245 Robert Belot 16 Visions of Science: Research at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon seen Through its Journal.... 265 Maria Paula Diogo, Ana Carneiro and Ana Simões Part IV Universities and Discipline Formation 17 The Reforms of the Austrian University System 1848 1860 and their Influence on the Process of Discipline Formation... 293 Christof Aichner

Contents vii 18 The Physics Laboratory of Leiden University.... 311 Dirk van Delft 19 A Peripheral Centre. Early Quantum Physics at Cambridge... 327 Jaume Navarro 20 From the Museum to the Field: Geology Teaching in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon... 345 Teresa Salomé Mota 21 The Emergence of Biotypology in Brazilian Medicine: The Italian Model, Textbooks, and Discipline Building, 1930 1940... 361 Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes Epilogue..................................................... 381 Ana Simões, Maria Paula Diogo, Kostas Gavroglu Index........................................................ 385

Contributors Christof Aichner Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften und Europäische Ethnologie, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Robert Belot Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard, Laboratoire IRTES-RECITS, Belfort cedex, France Andrew M. Boggs Oxford Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies, Oxford, UK Ana Carneiro Faculty of Sciences and Technology/NOVA University of Lisbon, Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology(CIUHCT), Caparica, Portugal Luís Miguel Carolino Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology; ISCTE Lisbon University Institute/CEHC, Lisbon, Portugal Dirk van Delft Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, The Netherlands Maria Paula Diogo Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT), Faculty of Sciences and Technology/NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Kostas Gavroglu Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Paola Govoni Department of Education, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Helge Kragh Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Pierre Laszlo Clouds Rest, Prades, Sénergues, France William C. Lubenow Stockton College of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA ix

x Contributors Teresa Salomé Mota Faculty of Sciences and Technology/NOVA University of Lisbon, Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT), Caparica, Portugal Jaume Navarro Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain Agustí Nieto-Galan Centre d Història de la Ciència (CEHIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Gabor Palló Visual Learning Lab, Department of Technical Education, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary Antoni Roca-Rosell Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain Ana Simões Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT), Faculty of Sciences/University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal Petr Svobodný Institute for the History of Charles University and Archive of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Geert Vanpaemel KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Evgeny Vodichev Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk State Technical University and National Research Tomsk University, Russia Robert Wells Department of History, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA