Design of Structures Toni Kotnik Professor of Design of Structures Aalto University Department of Architecture Department of Civil Engineering 1
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Spatial Phenomena separation dissolution concentration repetition transformation 5 Spatial Phenomena separation dissolution concentration transformation repetition Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1913 6 3
Spatial Phenomena separation dissolution concentration transformation repetition Zaha Hadid: Phaeno Science Center Wolfsburg, Germany, 2000-05 7 Flow of Space German Pavillon, Barcelona, Spain, 1929 8 4
From Composition to Relationships Villa Eichstädt, Berlin, Germany, 1922 Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany, 1928 German Pavillon, Barcelona, Spain, 1929 9 From Composition to Relationships Villa Eichstädt, Berlin, Germany, 1922 Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany, 1928 German Pavillon, Barcelona, Spain, 1929 contained space composition of volumes transitional space fluid field of relations 10 5
From Composition to Relationships Villa Eichstädt, Berlin, Germany, 1922 German Pavillon, Barcelona, Spain, 1929 Brick Country House, Project, 1923 contained space composition of volumes transitional space fluid field of relations 11 Spatial Dynamics Space is created as a relation between objects. These relations persist in perceptual experience There are many aspects of experience of which we are not explicitly conscious that nonetheless tinge our awareness in important ways. The visual relations between objects are of this kind. Rudolf Arnheim Rudolf Arnheim: The Dynamics of Architectural Form, 1977 influence of the distance between buildings on the perception of the degree of mutual dependence respectively independence 12 6
Gestalt Theory psychology of perception gestalt theory 13 Rules of Composition Paul Klee: Pedagogical Sketchbook, 1925 14 7
Visual Grammar Christian Leborg: Visual Grammar, 2006 15 Visual Grammar Christian Leborg: Visual Grammar, 2006 Christian Leborg: Visual Grammar, Princeton Architectural Press, 2006 16 8
Visual Grammar soft rule qualitative description of visual phenomena? how to apply method of working: variation & comparison in a systematic way! BIG: Urban masterplan, study of housing density, Øresundsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2010 17 Parametric Variation & Spatial Dynamics y x interior connectivity exterior space flow movement vs rest y 18 9
Parametric Variation & Spatial Dynamics Thomas Thiis-Evensen diagram of wall archetypes 19 Parametric Variation Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany, 1928 German Pavillon, Barcelona, Spain, 1929 1. geometry square line 2. parameter location location size size 3. operation direction scale_x scale_y scale rotation = 20 10
Parametric Variation 1. geometry circle 2. parameter location size 3. operation scale ellipse location size scale_x scale_y arc location size orientation scale rotate =? 21 Parametric Variation 1. geometry circle 2. parameter location size 3. operation scale arc location size orientation scale rotate =? 22 11
Parametric Variation 1. geometry 2. parameter 3. operation Richard Serra: The Matter of Time, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, 2005 23 Parametric Variation of Relationships nurbs location size orientation _control point _control point 24 12
Parametric Variation & Spatial Dynamics 1. geometry 2. parameter 3. operation 4. analyze linear space with one entrance office enclosure oriented to the outside with more public character garden sequence of narrow and wide space with one entrance event space linear space with two entrances shop / passage enclosure oriented to the outside with more public character garden enclosure oriented to the outside with public character plaza enclosure oriented to the outside kiosk / bistro enclosure oriented to the outside with private character meditation 25 JUST DO IT and enjoy 13