Installation Manual January Canoga Traffic Sensing System Model 702 Non-Invasive Microloop

Installation Manual January 2008 Canoga Traffic Sensing System Model 702 Non-Invasive Microloop

Installation 1 Table of Contents 1 About This Installation Instruction...2 1.1 Purpose...2 1.2 Conventions...2 1.3 Related Publications...2 1.4 Installation Instruction Organization...2 2 Safety Messages and Safety Labels...4 2.1 Safety Message Formats...4 2.2 Damage Prevention Messages...4 2.3 Safety Label Formats...4 2.4 Safety Label Locations...5 3 Safety...6 3.1 Safety Messages in this Installation Instruction Manual...6 3.2 Safety Labels on these Devices...6 3.3 Electric Shock and Electrocution...6 3.4 Work Zone Traffic Control...6 3.5 Personal Safety Equipment and Clothing...7 3.6 Excavation...7 3.7 Disposal of Material...7 4 Description...8 5 Features...10 6 Planning...11 7 Conduit Installation...13 7.1 Installed Conduit Recommendations...13 7.1.1 Pull boxes...13 7.1.2 Conduit Type...13 7.1.3 Conduit Installation Specification...13 8 Installation of the Microloop Sensor Assemblies...16 9 Installation Completion and Checkout...18 9.1 Installation Completion...18 9.2 Splicing Lead-in Cables...20 9.3 Installation Checkout...21 10 Troubleshooting...24

2 Installation 1 2 About This Installation Instruction 2.1 Purpose This installation instruction provides step-by-step instructions for installing and setting-up the Canoga 702 Non-invasive Microloops. This document is intended for use by installation and maintenance personnel responsible for installation of the system. 2.2 Conventions The conventions in Table 1-1 help to make this installation instruction easier to use by presenting a uniform approach to the descriptions, phrases and nomenclature. 2.3 Related Publications The Canoga Vehicle Detector Installation Instructions and Operations Manual, Canoga C900 Configuration Software and Canoga 701 Microloop Installation Manual. 2.4 Installation Instruction Organization This installation instruction manual is divided into 10 sections. Section 1. About This Installation Instructions This section describes the purpose of the installation instructions, identifies the audience, defines the writing conventions, lists the related publications, and summarizes the organization of the installation instruction. Section 2. Safety Messages and Safety Labels This section contains important information about the safety messages in this installation instruction manual. This section also contains important information about safety precautions and procedures for installation of the 702 Non- Invasive Microloop and sources for other safety information. This section also contains a compilation of all the safety messages and warning labels that appear in the instructions or on the Microloop. Section 3. This section contains important safety information for you to consider before beginning the installation. Table 1-1. Conventions Model Names Model Name Canoga 702 Noninvasive Microloop sensor assembly System Conditioners and Signal Names First or formal reference: initial caps Subsequent use or informal reference: Initial caps for model, lowercase for remainder Each Microloop assembly consists of one or more Microloop sensors s and the lead-in wire Canoga 702 Non-invasive Microloop 702 non-invasive Microloop, or the 702 Microloop Single, double or triple 702 Microloop sensor assembly System mode or phase Initial caps Enable microloop mode System status Initial caps The Status output or indication Signal name Initial caps the Reset signal

Installation 3 Section 4. Description This section describes the function of the 702 non-invasive Microloop, the theory of operation and depicts the physical configuration of the device. Section 5. Features This section contains a list of the features of the device. Section 6. Planning This section contains instructions about preparing for installing the conduit and 702 Microloop. Section 8. 702 Non-invasive Microloop Installation This section contains step-by-step instructions for preparing and installing 702 Microloops. Section 9. Installation Checkout and Completion This section contains information and procedures recommended for checkout and acceptance test the installed system. Section 10. Troubleshooting This section contains information to assist in the identification and correction of problems. Section 7. Conduit Installation This section contains step-by-step instructions for preparing and installing the conduit.

4 Installation 3 Safety Messages and Safety Labels Your safety and the safety of others is very important. We provide important safety messages in this installation instruction and on the device. Please read the safety messages and safety labels carefully before beginning the work. We also provide important damage prevention messages in this installation instruction. 3.1 Safety Message Formats A safety message alerts you to potential hazards that can cause personal injury to you and others, or property damage. Each safety message includes a safety alert symbol ( ) and one of three words: DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION to describe the relative level of hazard. The words and symbols and their meanings are shown below: DANGER! The safety message is in this box. DANGER means you and/or someone else WILL be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if you do not follow these instructions. Damage Prevention Messages We provide important safety messages in this manual to help you prevent damage to the devices. Each damage prevention message includes the word NOTICE. This word and its meaning are shown below: NOTICE The damage prevention message is in this box. NOTICE means that this device, or another device, may be damaged if you do not follow the instructions. These messages are to help you prevent damage to the device, other devices, and to the environment. 3.3 Safety Label Formats A safety label alerts you to potential hazards that can cause personal injury to you and others, or property damage. Each safety label includes a symbol or pictogram, a word to describe the relative level of the hazard and explanatory text. The words and symbols or pictograms and their meanings are shown below: WARNING! The safety message is in this box. WARNING means you and/or someone else MAY be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if you do not follow these instructions. CAUTION! The safety message is in this box. CAUTION means you and/or someone else MAY be HURT or property damage may result if you do not follow these instructions. DANGER means you WILL be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if you do not follow the instructions. Each safety message explains what the hazard is, what can happen to you or others, and what you can and should do to avoid the risk of exposure to the hazard. Please read the safety messages and safety labels carefully before beginning the work. 3.2 WARNING means you MAY be KILLED or SERIOUSLY HURT if you do not follow the instructions.

Installation 5 CAUTION means you MAY be HURT or property damage may result if you do not follow the instructions. Please read the safety messages and safety labels carefully before beginning the work. Safety Label Locations Safety labels are placed on the devices where you will see them before you may be exposed to a hazard. Please read the safety labels. They contain important safety information. We consider safety labels to be an important part of the device and they should be replaced if they are damaged or they become hard to read. If any of the safety labels on this device are missing or cannot be read please contact your dealer or Global Traffic Technologies Technical Service for a replacement. 3.4

6 Installation 4 Safety Below are some of the common hazards associated with the installation traffic control devices. Although many of the hazards are included in this list it does not contain all of the possible hazards and this list should not be a substitute for your judgment and experience. Included below is a compilation of all of the safety messages contained in this installation instruction manual and a compilation of all of the safety labels on the device(s). 4.1 Safety Messages in this Installation Instruction Manual There are no safety messages in this installation instruction manual: 4.2 Safety Labels on these Devices There are no safety labels on any of the 702 Microloops. Work Zone Traffic Control Proper control of vehicle traffic is important during many procedures. When you switch the traffic controller to and from the flash mode we recommend that you have people trained in manual traffic control, such as police officers, assist you. When you install devices that require you to position vehicles, equipment, or people in or near the roadway it is important that you use appropriate work zone traffic control techniques, equipment and procedures. Sometimes you may have to work on or near the roadway and these same techniques, equipment and procedures should be used for your protection. If you are unsure of which procedure is recommended or appropriate for the job ask your supervisor or foreman. 4.5 4.3 Electric Shock and Electrocution As a trained installer of electrical equipment you are aware of the dangers associated with installation of electrical devices. Always be sure that the power to the equipment, and all associated equipment, is turned off before beginning any procedure. Use the equipment, techniques and procedures that you learned during your training or apprenticeship or other electrical industry recognized safety procedures. 4.4

Installation 7 Personal Safety Equipment and Clothing Personal safety equipment includes high visibility vests, hard hats, gloves, electrical shock or electrocution protection clothing and equipment, safety shoes, and safety glasses. These are just some of the items available to you. Choose the right equipment for the job. If you are unsure of which safety equipment is recommended or appropriate for the job ask your supervisor or foreman. 4.6 Excavation Excavation in areas where buried utilities and services may be present is dangerous. The excavation, or piercing or boring equipment may come in contact with these and you could be exposed to the risk of injury or death. Please take appropriate steps to identify and locate buried utilities and services before you begin the work. Contact the appropriate agencies for information about the utilities or services. Contact your supervisor if you are unsure. Do not proceed. 4.7 Disposal of Material Please dispose of material or devices in accordance with local, state and federal laws and regulations.

8 Installation 5 Description The following section contains general information concerning the installation and use of the system. The Canoga 702 Non-invasive Microloop is intended to replace conventional 6-foot by 6-foot (1.8 m by 1.8 m) inductive loops for intersection presence detection, advance detection, freeway traffic monitoring, ramp metering, and traffic survey applications. The components of the 702 Non-invasive Microloop sensors are the 702 Microloop probe assembly and the carrier system which includes a conduit end cap, an end cap carrier with pull rope, carrier sections, cable ties with labels, carrier cradle, cradle lock, landscape fabric and re-usable cable tie clamps. The 702 Microloop can be installed under the roadway without cutting or sawing of the road surface. Horizontal directional drilling is used to install the conduit under the roadway. Trenching methods may also be used as appropriate. The conduit can also be installed prior to roadway paving on new construction projects. Each component is designed for quick assembly and insertion into the conduit. Installation preparation is made easy by marking the intended locations of the sensors on the pull rope. Then, the carrier sections are assembled and pushed into the conduit, along with the pull rope. A 702 Microloop assembly is inserted into the carrier when a mark on the pull rope is encountered. The carrier sections are twelve inches (30.5 cm) long. They are designed with sensor placement openings every six-inches (15 cm) after the carriers are assembled. Each carrier section is secured to the previous section by a stainless steel clip. The final carrier section is secured to the cradle with the cradle carrier lock, which is fixed in place by screws (provided). This step insures that the final assembly is held securely in position. Note In a typical installation consisting of a double Microloop sensor assembly per lane, the 702 Microloops are positioned four feet (1.22 m) apart across the lane with the sensor assembly midpoint located at the center of the traffic lane. Thus the Microloops are located two feet (60 cm) on each side of the center of the travel lane.

Installation 9 Figure 4-1. Typical 702 Non-invasive Microloop installation showing cross section of a roadway and of the conduit used under the roadway in a typical advance detection installation Breakdown Lane 20' (6m) 10 ft (3 m) 12 ft (3.65 m) Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2. Typical 702 Non-invasive Microloop installation for measuring speed and vehicle length showing the conduits, pull boxes, and Microloops 12 ft (3.65 m) Median 20 ft (6 m) 12 ft (3.65 m) 20' (6m) 12 ft (3.65 m) Breakdown Lane 10 ft (3 m) Pullboxes Cabinet

10 Installation 6 Features Easily installed in three inch (7.6 cm) Schedule 80 PVC or seamless polyethylene conduit. Easily removed, relocated or sensors added as travel lanes are reconfigured or restriped without impacting traffic. 702 Microloops can be installed within three inches (7.6 cm) of desired location in the lane. Minimal, if any, interruption of traffic during installation, service, adjustment or relocation. Preserves pavement integrity - no cutting or drilling of road pavement. No required maintenance. Service can be performed from the roadside - no need to close lanes. Road can be resurfaced without disturbing the underground sensors. Sensors are not affected by pavement deterioration, mechanical impact of traffic or the environment. Can be used under gravel or dirt roads. Conduits can be installed prior to paving on new roadway construction projects. In combination with the Canoga C900 vehicle detectors or the Traffic Monitoring Cards, closely spaced vehicles can be detected and most adjacent lane vehicles rejected. Seven year warranty on all system components.

Installation 11 7 Planning Global Traffic Technologies (GTT) recommends the following planning steps: 1. Visit the site to plan the installation with accurate information and knowledge of the site. If you have a plan of the site, 2. Record all pertinent measurements and notes on the plan for the site, if available. 3. Determine the best location(s) for the 702 Microloop(s), the conduit and the pull box(s) and then mark their locations on the plan. Note Figure 6-5 shows a sample worksheet on which the measurements and notes can be recorded. Determine the number of Microloops per assembly (single, double or triple sensor assemblies), the number of assemblies, the length of the lead-in cable and the number of carriers required for the installation. GTT recommends that standard assemblies are used to minimize a mix-up of different assemblies during installation. 4. Record the details of each Microloop assembly, especially custom assemblies, and cross-reference them to the plan or site drawings. 5. Discuss the locations and the conduit installation specifications with the horizontal directional drilling contractor to ensure a clear understanding of the drilling requirements (ask for a copy of the horizontal directional boring depth log). 6. Revisit the site after conduit and pull box installation in case the conduit or pull box had to be installed at a different location. Revise the installation plans as required. 7. Make accurate measurements of the depths, the location and length of the conduit run(s) and the location(s) of the pull box(es). Measure from the first Microloop sensor location to the end of the conduit in the pull box.

12 Installation Location: Lane 1 Ft. Lane 2 Ft. Single Microloop Sensor Assembly Pullbox Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Double Microloop Sensor Assembly Pullbox Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Triple Microloop Sensor Assembly Pullbox Ft. Ft. Ft. Lane Center Line Lane Center Line Number of lanes to monitor: Number of 702 Microloops/lane: Number of 702 Microloop assemblies: Lead-in cable length/assembly: Number of installation kits: Number of carriers: Note: GTT recommends the use of standard Microloop sensor assemblies Figure 6-5. Site Plan Worksheet

Installation 13 8 Conduit Installation These instructions include recommendations for the installation of the conduit. 8.1 Installed Conduit Recommendations The installed conduit must meet or exceed the following recommendations to provide a useable installation of the Canoga 702 Non-invasive Microloops. 8.1.1 Pull boxes The pull boxes must be a minimum of 24 inches (60 cm) in diameter for round type pull boxes or in length for rectangular type pull boxes to allow sufficient space to install the carriers and to attaché the cradle to the conduit in the pull box. 8.1.2 Conduit Type Rigid 3 inch (7.6 cm) PVC Schedule 80 conduit is recommended. The dimensions must comply with those shown in the Table 7-1. Table 7-1. Conduit Dimensions Inside Diameter Outside Diameter 2.9 inches (7.4 cm) 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) Mechanical joints are allowed if the joints are smooth and the carriers scan slide freely over the joints. Seamless Polyethylene, PE Schedule 80, may also be used as an alternate. Polyethylene conduit must be free from welds or joints to allow free passage of the carriers along the entire length of the conduit. 8.1.3 Conduit Installation Specification The following specification must be met to provide a useable installation. 1. The conduit must be installed at a depth of 21 inches, +/- 3 inches (45-60 cm), from the road surface to the conduit centerline. If the surface is crowned the conduit installation depth shall conform to the shape of the crown. (See Figure 7-1.) 2. The conduit should extend 2 to 3.5 inches (5-9 cm) into the pull box to allow for attachment of the cradle to the conduit (shown in Figure 7-1).

14 Installation Figure 7-1. Specification 0f The Depth for the Installed Conduit

Installation 15 3. As it follows the surface contour, the conduit must consistently maintain its depth from the road surface to avoid vertical dips and horizontal deviations. The conduit should not deviate from a straight line direction by more than 0.25 inches per foot (0.63 cm per 300 cm) either horizontally or vertically. (See Figure 7-2.) 0.25" (0.64 cm) 1 foot (30.5 cm) Figure 7-2. Directional Truing Specification for the Installed Conduit 4. Check, and record the depth of the conduit every two feet (60 cm) during the process of installing the conduit to ensure that the specified depth is maintained (obtain the depth log from the horizontal drilling contractor) 5. As the conduit extends beneath the surface from the roadway edge to the pull box, it should taper slightly downward to help drain any moisture. (See Figure 7-3.) 6. Cap the end of the conduit opposite the pull box with the endcap provided in the installation kit to prevent water flow that could introduce soil into the conduit. Accumulation of soil deposits in the conduit will make the carriers difficult or impossible to remove. Position the weep hole in the end cap at the bottom of the conduit to allow any accumulated water to drain. To allow for possible service, GTT recommends that the end cap be pressfit, not glued, on the conduit. (See Figure 7-4.) Figure 7-3. Tapering Conduit for Drainage Figure 7-4. Positioning End Cap for Drainage

16 Installation 9 Installation of the Microloop Sensor Assemblies The following steps detail the preparation and installation of the Canoga 702 Non-invasive Microloop assemblies and carrier system. Please read the safety messages and safety labels in Section 2 carefully before beginning the work. 1. Review the site plans you prepared earlier. The actual installation may differ from the plan. 2. Measure the distance from the end of the conduit in the pull box to the desired final position in the lane of the first sensor (sensor furthest away from the pull box) of each sensor assembly. Record these distances and the space between each sensor of a multisensor assembly. 3. Identify each sensor assembly and check the continuity of each assembly with an ohmmeter. The ohmmeter reading should be within ±20% of the sum of 2.0 ohms per sensor plus 3.0 ohms/100 feet (3 ohms/30 m) of lead-in wire. 4. Lay the end carrier with pull rope attached out along the ground. 5. Using the updated site plan and a suitable tape measure, mark the location of each sensor on the pull rope using an electrical tape or the tie wraps provided. 6. Make a knot in the pull rope so that it will be at the end of the cradle after all carriers are inserted and the Microloop sensors in their correct locations. Remember to start measuring from the second hole of the end carrier. (The pull rope passes through the first hole in the end carrier.) 7. Verify your measurements along the pull rope. 8. Use the provided tie wraps to write the plan designation ID of the Microloop sensor assembly on each cable tie using a permanent ink marker. This identifies the lane location of each sensor assembly. 9. Glue the cradle coupler (connector) onto the conduit stub in the pull box. 10. Insert the cradle into the coupler. Make sure that the cradle can be rotated and position the cradle with the open side up (See Figure 8-2 for details). Figure 8-1. Microloop Layout Plan: The plan shows the layout for single (one sensor per lane), double (two sensors per lane), and triple (three sensors per lane) assemblies with respect to the centerline of the lane. On East-West roads the sensors should be shifted one foot (30 cm) North from the locations shown in the figure.

Installation 17 11. Remove cradle and then glue and install the cradle into the conduit coupler. Important: Quickly level the cradle using a torpedo level resting on the cradle lock attachment area to (+ or - 2 ) from level. This must be completed before the glue hardens. 12. Insert the end carrier into the cradle with the open side up and the sensor insertion holes plumb (at a 90 angle, + or 2, from horizontal). See Figure 8-2 for details. Figure 8-2 Carrier Section Plumb in the Cradle 13. Locate the sensor assembly that is to be installed in the farthest lane from the pull box. Place a cable tie about one foot (30 cm) from the end of the lead-in cable. Using permanent ink marker, write the plan designation ID for this sensor assembly on the cable tie. 14. Place a second cable tie, labeled with the same ID information, near the first Microloop sensor of this sensor assembly (sensor furthest from the pull box). 15. Carefully uncoil the lead-in and lay it out straight to simplify dressing of the cable into the carrier sections as those sections are inserted into the conduit. 16. Repeat Steps 13-15 for each sensor assembly to be inserted in this conduit. 17. Place the first sensor of the first Microloop sensor assembly (the farthest from the pull box) into the second hole of the end carrier. (The pull rope passes through the first hole.) Install the sensor by pressing it firmly into the hole until it snaps into place. (Refer to Figure 8-1.) 18. Install another carrier onto the first and secure it with the attached clip. Dress the rope and the cable neatly inside the carrier. Make certain there is no slack in the rope. Push the carrier sections into the conduit. 19. Check to ensure that sensor installation holes are vertical. If necessary, rotate the carrier until they are vertical. 20. Continue clipping carriers together and inserting them into the conduit, until you reach the cable tie or tape marking for the next sensor. 21. Install the next Microloop sensor in the sensor installation hole nearest the cable tie or tape marker. The cable between individual sensors of a multiple sensor assembly contains an extra six inches (15 cm) to allow for installation flexibility. 22. Dress this extra six inches (15 cm) of interconnecting cable into the carrier by making an S-fold and placing it into the cable holding area of the carrier. Also, carefully dress the pull rope into the carrier making certain there is no slack. 23. Continue installing carriers and sensor assemblies until the knot in the rope is reached. This marks the end of the carrier installation. All Microloops are situated in the pre-determined locations under the lanes. 24. Secure the last carrier by doing the following: a) Lower the wide end of the slotted holes in the cradle carrier lock over the screws provided. b) Slide the cradle carrier lock so the narrow ends of the slotted holes are adjacent to the screws. See enlargement in Figure 8-3. c) Tighten the screws provided. 25. Cut off the excess pull rope.

18 Installation Figure 8-3 Securing the Carriers with Carrier Lock 5. Make sure the sensor assembly identification tags are outside of the landscape fabric material. 6. Use the re-enterable tie wraps provided to secure one end of the landscape fabric material around the cradle connector, and the other end around the sensor cables and pullrope. See Figure 9-1. 7. Check the end cap over at the far end of the conduit to make sure that the weep hole allows water to drain from the conduit. Do not glue on the end cap. See Figure 9-2. 10 Installation Completion and Checkout 10.1 Installation Completion This section explains how to prevent sediment from entering and accumulating inside the conduit. 1. Make sure that the carrier assembly is securely fastened in the carrier lock. 2. Make sure that the cables and pull rope are positioned in the cradle. 3. Check the continuity of the Microloop cables with an ohmmeter. 4. Wrap the landscape fabric material (provided in the installation kit) around the conduit and cradle assembly. Figure 9-1. Installation Detail

Installation 19 Figure 9-2. Positioning End Cap for Drainage

20 Installation 10.2 Splicing Lead-in Cables This section explains how to make reliable splices. All splices should be soldered, insulated and waterproofed. The cable jacket ends must be sealed against moisture entry at the points the cables were cut for the splicing. 1. Obtain underground rated splice kits to provide the required protection (such as the 3M Scotchcast 3832 Buried Service Wire Encapsulation Kit). Read the instruction for using the splicing kits. 2. Prepare splice end cap ports to fit snugly over cable jackets, slide end caps over cables and down out of the way. Move cable ID markers, as required, to ensure that they will be visible after the splicing operation is complete. 3. Prepare the lead-in and home-run cables and wires for splicing. Remove 2 to 3.75 inches (5-9 cm) of cable jacket from each cable taking care not to damage the insulation on interior conductors. 4. If Canoga Model 30003 Home-run cable is being used, it is necessary to heat the jacket with a heat gun or another safe heat source to slide the jacket off the interior shield and conductors. 5. Remove about 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) of insulation on each conductor that will be used. As instructed by the splicing kit instructions, scuff and clean surfaces that will come in contact with the encapsulating compound. 6. If shrink tubing is being used to insulate the splice, slide a piece of shrink tubing at least 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long over the wires to be spliced. Twist the wires to be spliced as shown in Figure 9-3. Solder the twisted wires together. Insulate the soldered connection by shrinking the tubing or by wrapping with at least two layers of electrical tape. 7. Carefully dress all wires and cable jacket ends into the splice kit encapsulation area to prepare the splice kit for adding the encapsulation compound. 8. Complete the splice by adding the encapsulation compound if required. Figure 9-3 shows a typical splicing application. Figure 9-3. Typical Splicing Application

Installation 21 Figure 9-4 shows how to splice sensors or sensor assemblies in series. Figure 9-4. Splicing Microloop Sensors in Series 10.3 Installation Checkout Final checkout requires connection of the sensors to an ohmmeter, a Megohmmeter and then to an inductive loop detector. These instructions assume that a Canoga C900 Series Vehicle Detector or Traffic Monitoring Card is available for measurement of operating results. 2. Using a Megohmmeter, measure the insulation resistance from each sensor terminal to Earth ground at 500 volts. Be certain the Microloop is not connected to a loop detector or transient suppresser during this test. The resistance should be greater than 100 megohms. 1. At the cabinet where the loop detectors are located, measure the DC resistance of the sensor. Make certain the sensor is not connected to a loop detector. Touch the meter probes to terminal block contacts where the home-run cable for the sensor being checked is attached. Record the reading. Calculate the expected resistance using the information in Table 9-1. Table 9-1. Resistance Checks Measuring Point Between Microloop Lead-in cables Either Lead-in cables to Earth Resistance Checks Item Resistance 702 Microloop 2.0 ohms/sensor Lead-in 30003 Homerun Cable Test at 500 VDC 3.0 ohms/100 1.7 ohms/100 >100 megohms

22 Installation 3. Connect the Microloop sensor assembly being tested to a C900 series loop detector or Traffic Monitoring Card. Connect a PC to the C900/TMC and start the C900/TMC configuration software. Using the activity screen, observe the inductance L that the C900/TMC measures, record it, and compare it to the expected inductance calculated using the information in Table 9-2. The measured inductance should be within ±20% of the calculated inductance (usually within ±10%). Measuring Point Between Sensor Lead-in cables Table 9-2 Inductance Checks Inductance Checks Item Inductance 702 sensor 50 μh to 63 μh per sensor 30003 Homerun Cable 23 μh per 100 feet (23 μh per 30 m) 4. Using the same set-up as described in Step 3, observe the change of inductance (ΔL) shown on the screen when different types of vehicles pass over the Microloop sensor assembly being checked. The ΔL values measured should be similar to those listed in Table 9-3. Record typical ΔL values for each type of vehicle. Then compare the values measured to those shown in the table.

Installation 23 Table 9-3. Typical ΔL Values Typical Change in Inductance Values (ΔL Values): Vehicles Traveling Directly Over 702 Microloop Sensor Installed at a Depth of 24 Inches (60 cm) Vehicle Type Single Sensor Double Sensor 4 (1.21 m) spacing Triple Sensor 3 (0.91 m) spacing Bicycle 130 nh 130 nh 130 nh Small Motorcycle 105 nh 105 nh 105 nh Intermediate Auto 475 nh 950 nh 1400 nh Van Truck 800 nh 1600 nh 2200 nh Tractor-Trailer 955 nh 1900 nh 3700 nh 5. Using the set-up in Step 3, record the value of the Reference Frequency. Also observe the Loop Frequency. It should return to the same value as the Reference Frequency, within one Hertz, after each vehicle has passed over the Microloop sensor assembly. 6. Set the sensitivity for the channel to which the 702 Microloop sensor assembly is attached to detect 1/8 to 1/16 of the peak auto ΔL change. A ratio of 1/8 gives the most consistent occupancy readings, while 1/16 will detect nearly all vehicles, including small motorcycles. 7. Set the Bridge Time for this channel in the C900/TMC to cover about 16 feet (4.8 m) of vehicle travel for a vehicle traveling at the typical speed at this location. Assuming the typical speed is 55 mph: Bridge time = 16 feet / [55 mph *1.4667 feet/(sec*mph)] = 0.198 second or.2 seconds Bridge time = 4.8 m/ (88 kph* 3.6975 cm/sec*kph) = 0.198 second or.2 seconds A Bridge time of.2 sec. to.4 sec. will give good results in this location, e.g. 27 mph (43 kph). 8. Leave the Setback Time for this channel in the C900/TMC set to the factory default setting.

24 Installation 11 Troubleshooting This section provides guidance on areas to examine, if any tests during installation check-out failed. Table 10-1 lists the symptoms of 702 Non- Invasive Microloop installation problems. The table also shows the possible causes of those problems and suggests actions to correct them. Many of the actions check L, ΔL, Loop Frequency, Reference Frequency, fault indications require use of a Canoga 900 series vehicle detector, a personal computer (PC) and C900 Configuration Software (C900 CS). Consult Canoga 900/TMC series Installation Instructions and C900/TMC CS on-line help for directions on using these products. Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions Symptom Possible Cause Solution DC resistance too high. Home-run/lead-in may be connected to a different sensor than specified. Home-run/lead-in is longer than anticipated. Home-run/lead-in wire gauge is smaller than anticipated. 702 Microloop sensor assembly contains more sensors than anticipated. Confirm that the detector channel is connected to the proper sensor by inserting the Canoga 900 or TMC vehicle detector into its rack slot and monitoring the Call indicator LED for this channel. You should see a Call only when a vehicle passes over the 702 Microloop to which the tested channel should be connected. If the vehicles and calls don t correlate, determine which 702 Microloop is connected to the channel and correct the wiring. Determine actual routing of homerun/lead-in cable and that routing is acceptable. Correct as required. Determine AWG of home-run/lead-in wire. It is normally OK if the size of the wire is 22 AWG or larger for lengths of less than 1000 feet (300 m) Connect a Canoga C900 or TMC vehicle detector to the Microloop being checked. First check that vehicles are being sensed (calls occur). Using the Activity screen, check the channel L. If it is one or more increments of 56 μh more than expected, it is likely that the sensor assembly contains additional sensors. Then monitor the ΔL caused by autos and compare it to that given in Table 9-3. Each additional sensor will add approximately the ΔL of a single sensor. Correct as required.

Installation 25 Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution DC resistance too high. (Cont.) Poor wiring connection. 1. Flex, jar or otherwise manipulate each connection point, one connection point at a time. If the resistance changes, the connection is faulty. Repair it. 2. Connect a Canoga 900 or TMC vehicle detectors to the sensor being checked. Using the Activity screen, check the channel Loop Frequency. If the Loop Frequency does not return to the Reference Frequency after each vehicle or it strays several Hertz from the Reference Frequency when no vehicles are near, there is a possibility that a poor connection is being manipulated by vehicle induced vibrations. Recheck all splices and connections. Repair if required. DC resistance too low. Home-run/lead-in may be connected to a different Microloop sensor than specified. Home-run/lead-in is shorter than anticipated. Home-run/lead-in wire gauge is larger than anticipated. Microloop assembly contains fewer sensors than anticipated or sensors are connected in parallel. Confirm that the detector channel is connected to the proper sensor by inserting the Canoga 900 or TMC vehicle detector into its rack slot and monitoring the Call indicator LED for this channel. A Call should occur only when a vehicle passes over the 702 Microloop to which the tested channel should be connected. If the vehicles and calls don t correlate, determine which 702 Microloop is connected to the test channel and correct the wiring. Determine actual routing of home-run/leadin cable and that routing is acceptable. Correct as required. Determine AWG of home-run/lead-in wire. It is normally OK if the size of the wire is larger than specified. Connect a vehicle detector to the sensor being checked. Using the Activity screen, check the channel L. If it is one or more increments of 56 μh less than expected, it is likely that the sensor assembly contains fewer sensors than anticipated. Then monitor the ΔL caused by autos and compare it to that given in Table 9-3. Each missing sensor will cause a reduction in ΔL of approximately the ΔL of a single sensor. Correct as required. If the L is about ½ of that expected and the ΔL is about ¼ of that expected, the sensor assembly is likely connected in parallel. Correct by splicing in series.

26 Installation Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution DC resistance too low. (Cont.) Short circuit in system. Connect a Canoga 900 or TMC vehicle detector to the 702 Microloop sensor assembly being checked. First check that vehicles are being sensed. If vehicles are being sensed, it is unlikely that there is a short in the wiring. Most shorts will be directly indicated by the C900/TMC fault indicators and on the Activity screen. Megohmmeter resistance too low. One of the following: Lead-in cable insulation damaged. Home-Run cable insulation damaged. Home-Run cable water-logged. Splice poorly insulated or waterlogged. Dirty terminal\block-home-run cable connections. Vehicle detector connected to the sensor. 702 sensor(s) failed. Test to determine the causes. Readings above 10 megohm indicate operation may continue temporarily, but that failure will occur in the future. Closely examine readings under 10 megohm. 1. Ensure that a detector is not attached to the home-run cable. Retest. If the results are OK, the problem is likely that the detector was plugged in. 2. Determine whether the sensor is working properly (e.g. inductance is OK, ΔL caused by vehicles is OK, and the oscillation frequency is stable). If all functional parameters are as expected, decide whether to fix the low resistance problem. If one or more functional parameters are unacceptable, most likely oscillator stability, the problem must be fixed. 3. Determine whether the problem is in the cabinet or external to the cabinet by detaching the lead-in wires from the terminal block. Retest the leadin. If the results are OK, the problem is in the cabinet and vice-versa. 4. If testing indicates the problem is not in the cabinet containing the vehicle detector, go to the first splice to the lead-in of the 702 Micorloop sensor assembly, remove the splice, and retest the 702 Microloop sensor assembly and the home-run cable. 5. Correct the problem indicated by testing. Replace either the 702 Microloop assembly, the home-run cable, or the splice.

Installation 27 Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution L (inductance) is too high or too low. Lead-in and/or home-run cables longer than anticipated. If the inductance and the resistance are greater than expected, the lead-in and/or home-run may be longer than anticipated. Ensure that cable routing is acceptable. Verify that desired functionality is occurring, e.g. ΔLs caused by vehicles are OK and that the Loop Frequency is stable and returns to the same value after each vehicle. If there is a very long cable to the 702 Microloop sensor assembly, e.g. 2500 feet (762 m) or greater, the oscillator may be very unstable. Lead-in and/or home-run cables shorter than anticipated. Lead-in and/or home-run cable open. Microloop sensor count is different than expected. Microloop Sensor failed. If the inductance and the resistance are less than expected, the lead-in and/or home-run cable is shorter than anticipated. Shorter cable runs are not a problem. Use a Canoga 900 or TMC vehicle detector. If there is an open in the cable to the sensor, the detector will indicate an open unless the lead-in/home-run cable length is very long, e.g. >2500 feet (762 m). The problem should have been found by the test with the ohmmeter. If there are fewer sensors than expected, the sensor L will be low by 56 μh per Microloop and the sensor ΔL readings for vehicles will be much lower than expected. The reverse is true, if there are extra sensors. Check the splicing and the sensor assembly. Microloop Sensors can fail in two ways. 1. Failure Mode: The L will be 500 μh larger than expected. While the failed Microloop will not detect, if it is one sensor of a multiple sensor assembly, detection will still occur at a lower than expected ΔL. 2. Failure Mode: Open connection that should be indicated by the fault status of the detector. This may be confirmed by measuring a very large resistance with an ohmmeter when the detector is not attached to the sensor. The open may be somewhere in the home-run or in the sensor assembly. To determine that the open is in the sensor assembly requires a resistance reading taken with the sensor assembly lead-in disconnected from the home-run cable. If a defective sensor assembly is indicated, replace it and retest.

28 Installation Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution L (inductance) is too high or too low. (Cont.) ΔL (change in inductance) is too high or too low. Microloop sensors wired in parallel rather than in series. Incorrect Microloop sensor depth. Microloop sensors not vertically aligned. Sensors spliced in parallel rather than in series. Incorrect Microloop sensor count. If a Microloop is connected in parallel in a sensor assembly, ΔL readings for vehicles, as well as the L reading, will be much lower, one-quarter or less, than expected. Check the splicing and the Microloop sensor assembly. ΔL readings increase as Microloop sensor depth decreases and vice versa. Review the conduit depth plot. The installation contractor can check conduit depth using his depth measuring equipment. Have the contractor correct problems as required. The ΔL readings will be lower than expected if the sensors are not vertical. Remove the landscape fabric conduit cover and cradle lock. While holding the end carrier section vertical, push the carrier sections in and out of the conduit a few times to help the system rotate to vertical. Significantly more force is required than normal if the conduit is constricted by tight radius bends (a probable cause for sensors not being vertical). Retest. If ΔL readings are acceptable, reinstall the Cradle Lock and landscape fabric conduit end cover. If sharp lateral bends are suspected to cause the sensors to rotate, remove all 702 carriers from the conduit and have the contractor replot the depth and position of the conduit. Have the contractor correct problems as required. L readings may be about ½ that expected and ΔL readings may be about ¼ of that expected. Examine the splice. Fix as required. The ΔL readings will increase if there are more Microloop sensors than expected and ΔL readings will decrease if there are fewer Microloops than expected. Check the number of Microloops in a sensor assembly by removing all sensors and carriers from the conduit. Carefully record the number of carrier sections from the conduit end and each Microloop in each sensor assembly. Correct any problems found.

Installation 29 Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution ΔL (change in inductance) is too high or too low. (Cont.) Loop Frequency (F) and/or Reference Frequency (Fref) is unstable, e.g. false calls or missed calls or Loop Frequency doesn t return to same value between vehicles. Microloop sensors installed near pavement reinforcement rod (or other ferromagnetic structure). Incorrect sensor-to-lane location. Sensor assembly failed. Cross-talk. The ΔL readings may be smaller than expected, if the sensor is in a very high or very low magnetic field. Measure the magnetic field directly above the sensor location using a magnetometer, such as Meda Model μmag. If the magnetic field strength measured is significantly above or below the vertical component of Earth magnetic field at that general location, a problem may exist. Move the measuring probe 6 inches (15 cm) to the left and right (across the traffic lane). If the measured field is constant over this 1-foot (30 cm) distance, there is unlikely a problem. If it varies significantly, look for a position to the left or right of the original sensor location (in the direction of the conduit) that has a constant magnetic field. Change the specified Microloop location to this constant field location. (Fields must be between 200 and 800 millioerstads or gauss.) The ΔL may be smaller than expected or adjacent lane calls may occur, if the Microloop(s) are at the wrong location. Check the lane position of all sensors by removing all Microloops and carriers from the conduit. Correct any problems found. Test by replacing the M702 Microloop sensor assembly. 1. Attach the 702 Microloop sensor assemblies to the same Canoga 900 series vehicle detector. 2. Ensure that the frequency at which a different detector is driving its sensor assembly is separated by more than 10,000 Hz from the frequency at which the other detector is driving its 702 Microloop sensor assembly.

30 Installation Table 10-1. Troubleshooting Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Actions (Cont.) Symptom Possible Cause Solution Loop Frequency (F) and/or Reference Frequency (Fref) is unstable, e.g. false calls or missed calls or Loop Frequency doesn t return to same value between vehicles. (Cont.) Line frequency magnetic interference. Poor connection to Microloop sensor. Inconsistent resistance to Earth. Microloop sensor physical rotational movement. Incorrect Microloop sensor location. Microloop sensors spliced in parallel rather than in series. Incorrect Microloop sensor count. Turn on 60 Hz or 50 Hz filtering. If the calls disappear, they were caused by line frequency magnetic interference. Turning on line filtering is a method of distinguishing crosstalk from line frequency magnetic interference. NOTE: Detection tasks that require rapid measurement response, such as speed measurement, vehicle travel direction detection and occupancy measurement of high speed vehicles, are adversely affected when line filtering is turned on. 1. Flex, jar or otherwise manipulate each connection point, one connection point at a time. Changing resistance will cause calls, just like inductance changes. If the resistance changes, the connection is faulty. Repair it. 2. If the Loop Frequency does not return to the same value after each vehicle, there is still a possibility that there is a poor connection that is being manipulated by vehicle induced vibrations. Recheck each connection. See Megohmmeter resistance too low. Check conduits mounted underneath bridges or other structures for movement and stabilize as required. To help prevent calls from tall tractors or trucks to a sensor set located in an adjacent lane, install the sensor sets on East-West roads with an offset of one (1) foot (30cm) north of lane center. Correct sensor position as required. Examine the splice. Fix as required. Check the number of Microloops in a sensor assembly by removing all Microloops and carrier sections from the conduit. Carefully record the number of carrier sections from the conduit end and each Microloop in each sensor assembly. Correct any problems found.

Important Notice to Purchaser: EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS DOCUMENT, GLOBAL TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGIES (GTT) MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY AS TO MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. Global Traffic Technologies (GTT) will, at its sole option, repair, replace or refund the purchase price of Canoga TM Traffic Sensing System components or Canoga TM vehicle detectors described herein found to be defective in materials or manufacture within seven (7) years from the date of shipment from GTT. This warranty shall not apply to Canoga traffic sensing system components or Canoga vehicle detectors which have been (1) repaired or modified by persons not authorized by GTT; (2) subjected to misuse, neglect or accident; (3) damaged by extreme atmospheric or weather conditions; or (4) subject to events or use outside the normal or anticipated course. IN NO EVENT SHALL GTT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, PERSONAL INJURY), DEATH, LOSS, OR DAMAGE (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, PROPERTY DAMAGE), WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE, REPAIR OR FAILURE TO REPAIR, ANY GTT PRODUCT. REGARDLESS OF THE LEGAL THEORY ASSERTED. THE REMEDIES SET FORTH IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE EXCLUSIVE. Statements or recommendations not contained herein shall have no force or effect unless in an agreement signed by officers of seller and manufacturer. Global Traffic Technologies, LLC Global Traffic Technologies Canada, Inc. Canoga and Microloop are trademarks of Global 7800 Third Street North 157 Adelaide Street West Traffic Technologies, LLC St. Paul, Minnesota 55128-5441 Suite 448 Used under license in Canada 1-800-258-4610 Toronto, ON M5H 4E7 Please recycle. Printed in the U.S.A. 651-789-7333 Canada @ Global Traffic Technologies, LLC 2007 www.gtt.com 1-800-258-4610 All rights reserved. 75-0500-2206-2 (Rev. B)