Wood Knowledge Wales and Bron Afron Community Housing The Case For Wood Windows The WWA Standard for manufacturing wood windows and window performance Kevin Underwood Wood Window Alliance
Introduction Requirements for WWA timber windows Other factors affecting high performance windows Considerations for extending service life and reducing maintenance costs.
Timber Window Accreditation Scheme The Wood Window Alliance technical specification for windows has developed from the requirements of the TWAS.
Whole life analysis of timber windows Whole Life Analysis of timber, modified timber and aluminium-clad timber windows: Service Life Planning (SLP), Whole Life Costing (WLC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Dr Gillian F. Menzies Institute for Building and Urban Design Heriot Watt University June 2013
Product Testing, European Standard BS EN 14351-1:2006+A2:2016 Windows and Doors Product Standard Performance characteristics Part 1 Windows and External Pedestrian Doorsets
Declaration of Performance and CE Label Any declaration for a performance characteristic that is an essential characteristic from Annex ZA of the product standard must be made first on the DoP. http://www.bwf.org.uk/publications/ce-marking
Product Testing, British Standard BS 644 Timber Windows and Doorsets Fully Finished factory-assembled windows and doorsets of various types Specification
Product Testing Clause Heading Sub-clause Heading Part Clause Additional information Other referenced standards 10 Security 10.1 Basic Security 11 Safety in case of fire 10.2 Enhanced Security 11.1 Fire resistance 11.2 Reaction to fire 12 Safety in use 12.1 Impact resistance (see below) 12.2 Safety Devices (see below) 3 5.13.1 BS 6375-3:2009 Annex A 3 5.13.2 PAS 24 3 5.2.3 Test and classification 3 5.2.1 material of roof Test and windows only classification BS EN 14600 BS EN 13501-1 Performance levels Approved Document B 2 5.4 Test BS EN 13049 Classification BS 6375-2 2 5.3 Load bearing capacity Test BS EN 14609 Performance BS EN 14351 level
Product Testing 13 Weathertightness 1 6 Air Test BS EN 1026 permeability Classification BS EN 12207 7 Weathertightn Test BS EN 1027 ess Classification BS EN 12208 8 Resistance to Test BS EN 12211 wind Classification BES N 12210 14 Operation and 2 5.1 Operating Test BS EN 12046-1 strength forces Classification BS EN 13115 characteristics 5.2.1 Resistance to Test BS EN 14609 static torsion Classification BS EN 13115 5.2.2 Racking Test BS EN 14608 Classification BS EN 13115 5.3 Load-bearing Test BS EN 14609 capacity of safety devices Classification 350 N threshold 5.4 Impact resistance 5.5 Resistance to repeated opening and closing Test BS EN 13049 Classification Table 2 BS 6375-2 Test BS EN 1191 Performance Min. 10000 cycles As specified in BS EN 12400 Class 2
Product Testing 15 Hygiene, health and the environment 16 Acoustic Performance 17 Energy conservation Ventilation device Thermal Transmitta nce N/ A Test BS EN 13141-1 Classification BS EN 13142 3 5.5 Tested BS EN ISO 140-3 3 5.6 Calculation method Evaluated BS EN 717-1 General Numerical method Hot box method Windows and doors Roof windows BS EN ISO 10077-1 BS EN ISO 10077-2 BS EN ISO 12567-1 BS EN ISO 12567-2
Quality Management Systems BS EN ISO 9001:2015 QMS Factory Production Control CE Marking constancy of performance Continuous Improvement
Tolerances Prescriptive Tolerances in Standards Process Variation Effects on performance
Safety BS 8213-1 Windows, doors and rooflights Part1 Design for safety in use and during cleaning of windows, including door-height windows and roof windows Code of practice
Installation BS 8213-4:2016 Windows and doors. Code of practice for the survey and installation of windows and external doorsets
European Timber Regulations Regulation (EU) 995/2010 laying down the obligations of operators who place timber and timber products on the market http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/timber_regulation.htm
Chain of Custody Forest Stewardship Council Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
European Biocidal Products Regulation Regulation (EU) 528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products http://www.hse.gov.uk/biocides/basics.htm
REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_en.htm http://www.hse.gov.uk/reach/index.htm
Smoke Toxicity The study aims at evaluating the need to regulate on toxicity of smoke generated by construction products in fire within the framework of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 and the possible impacts of any such measures.
Emissions of VOCs COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION on the classification of performance of construction products in relation to their emissions of volatile organic compounds into indoor air
What is an EPD? An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) communicates verifiable, accurate, non-misleading environmental information for products and their applications, thereby supporting scientifically based, fair choices and stimulating the potential for market driven continuous environmental improvement.
Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) http://www.bwf.org.uk/toolkit/environmentalwaste-management/what-is-a-life-cycleassessment
Materials Health Cradle to Cradle Certified Banned List of Chemicals Chemicals and substances that are banned for use in Cradle to Cradle Certified products as intentional inputs above 1000 ppm (0.1%) by weight. These are materials which have a tendency to accumulate in the biosphere and lead to irreversible negative human health effects or have hazardous characteristics associated with their manufacture, use, or disposal. http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/detail/cradle-to-cradlecertified-banned-list-of-chemicals Question to suppliers Please confirm that the products you supply to us do not use any of the materials listed in their production.
Materials Health Feasibility Study A wooden window frame, can be eligible for certification on a Silver level.
Interior design expert Oliver Heath (pictured right), and Ed Suttie, Research Director at BRE Centre for Sustainable Products (left). Biophilic Design
Biophilic Design The term biophilia refers to the adaption or design of a building to the environment, rather than the other way around. The meaning of the word biophilia is a love for nature and it is considered by some to be the missing part of sustainable design. Biophilic design aims to create strong connections between nature and manmade environments which can have benefits for health and wellbeing.
The Circular Economy A Circular economy has the potential to give rise to much more resilient economies with more abundant resources and a healthier environment
BIM Building Information Modelling Land Rover BAR Team HQ Portsmouth BIM Level 2
SERVOWOOD Reasons for coating wood Protection Durability Weather resistance Appearance Colour Gloss and sheen Texture Enhanced performance Fire resistance Fungal and algal resistance Coating to protect from substrate interactions: Moisture movement Interface problems e.g. adhesion Chemicals in wood such as: tannin and resins
SERVOWOOD Research Laboratories and Natural weathering Sites
SERVOWOOD Weathering Tests Accelerated Weathering UV-A fluorescent testing (2,000 hours). Natural Weathering Traditional 45 degree exposure rig facing South. New Multifaceted Exposure Ring (MFER) Allows exposure at zero, 45 and 90 degrees and N, S, E and W orientation. Includes artificial wetting and heating.
SERVOWOOD Results fungal growth
Coating Service Life
Factors that can affect coating performance Orientation of grain for coated surface flat sawn or quarter sawn Angle of coated surface vertical, 15 degrees to horizontal, less than 15 degrees to horizontal etc. Radius of arris (sharp) edges 0mm, 1.5 to 3mm, greater than 3mm etc. Surface quality machined finish or sanded finish Denibbing or sanding? is process too heavy Leave primer and undercoat to absorb the nibs? End-grain sealing assessment of method used (materials and application) Movement of timber Flexibility of adhesive Tannin/extractive staining Idigbo not so much sapele What do people use? Redwood, sapele, grandis, iroko
Factors that can affect coating performance Location of component top horizontal (head), bottom horizontal (sill), upper end of vertical component, lower end of vertical component etc. Application of preservative none, superficial treatment, impregnation treatment (3mm analytical zone) Extension of component from face of window (or other product) i.e. sill projection flush (0mm), 25mm 100mm etc. Location of window in building opening 100mm from external face, 50mm, 0mm etc. Protection from weather by soffit (lintel), canopy or porch etc. Exposure to weather External Construction moisture - Internal Humidity
BS EN 927-1:2013 Paints and varnishes Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood Part1: Classification and selection
Exposure to wind driven rain
Exposure to wind driven rain
Exposure to wind driven rain
EN 927-1 Direction of Exposure (Orientation)
EN 927-1 Degree of Shelter
EN 927-1 Inclination of weathered surfaces Decreasing the angle of exposure from vertical towards horizontal greatly increases the intensity of weathering for sheltered as well as not sheltered parts.
EN 927-1 Relative Exposure Conditions
18 year exposure trial
Summary Long service life and low maintenance costs Selection of material Attention to details in design Controlled factory processes Optimum installation Inspection and Maintenance before failure
Thank You Any Questions