Project title: Raspberry: Summer fruiting raspberry variety trial Project number: SF 041d Project leader: Janet Allen (ADAS) Report: Annual Report, June 2014 Previous report: None Key staff: Janet Allen Harriet Roberts Chris Dyer Location of project: The Hon. Richard Stanley Rectory Farm Stanton St John OXFORD Oxfordshire OX33 1HF Industry Representative: Salih Hodzov W B Chambers And Son, Belks Farm, Offham, Kent ME15 8RL Date project commenced: 1 March 2013 Date project completed (or expected completion date): 31 March 2017
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AUTHENTICATION We declare that this work was done under our supervision according to the procedures described herein and that the report represents a true and accurate record of the results obtained. Harriet Roberts Horticultural Consultant ADAS UK Ltd Signature Date: 19 June 2014 Barry Mulholland Head of Horticulture ADAS UK Ltd Signature Date: 19 June 2014 Report authorised by: [Name] [Position] [Organisation] Signature... Date... 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
CONTENTS Full trial report...1 Introduction...1 Cultivars included.1 Trial site and production details.3 Trial design...4 Plans for 2014 and beyond.5 Knowledge and technology transfer..6 Appendix 1.7 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
FULL TRIAL REPORT Introduction There is a continuing need to identify summer fruiting (floricane) raspberry cultivars for commercial production which meet the evolving needs of the market, whilst offering profitability to UK growers. The aim of this project is to evaluate new cultivars and advanced selections from UK and overseas breeding programmes. It is hoped to identify cultivars for the fresh market, which are better than those currently being grown or which offer an extension to the existing harvest period. The cultivars chosen for assessment in the trial will include those that may soon be available to UK growers for planting and those which UK growers have little or no experience of growing in the UK. The objectives of the trial are to identify: Cultivars which can reliably produce higher yields than the current industry standards. Fruit of superior quality than existing cultivars, as regards size, uniformity of shape, colour, texture and flavour, with good shelf life throughout the harvest period. Cultivars with strongly attached laterals which don t need support, which present fruit well to pickers, with berries which are easily detached and thereby cheap to harvest. Cultivars suited to soil or other substrate production, with upright cane habit and suitable vigour making them cheap and easy to grow. Cultivars with cold hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases, thus offering reliable cropping and reduced reliance on crop protection products. 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 1
Cultivars included Table 1. Cultivars and numbered selections included as main entries in the trial Cultivar Name Breeder / Country Source of Season Planting Date of Origin Plants 0435D-3 James Hutton James Hutton V. Early 18 June, 2013 BC92-9-15 PARC*, Canada PARC* Early 17 June, 2013 0485K-1 James Hutton Institute, UK James Hutton Institute Early/Mid 18 June, 2013 Tulameen PARC*, Canada RW Walpole Mid 17 June, 2013 AAC Eden (KO6-2) PARC*, Canada PARC* Mid 17 & 21 June, 2013 0019 E2 James Hutton James Hutton Mid/Late 18 June, 2013 EM6803/16 EMR, UK EMR Late 12 August, 2013 EM6805/142 EMR, UK EMR Late 12 August, 2013 EM6804/68 EMR, UK EMR Late 12 August, 2013 EM6804/81 EMR, UK EMR Late 12 August, 2013 0447C-5 James Hutton James Hutton Late 18 June, 2013 Octavia EMR, UK RW Walpole Late 17 June, 2013 *PARC Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Table 2. Cultivars and numbered selections included as guard plots in the trial Cultivar Name Breeder / Country of Origin Source of Plants Season Planting Date 0658C5 James Hutton James Hutton Early 18 June, 2013 055 E4 James Hutton James Hutton Early 18 June, 2013 Glen Fyne James Hutton James Hutton Early 18 June, 2013 0460F-5 James Hutton James Hutton Early 18 June, 2013 RU004 03067 Graminor, Norway Graminor Early/Mid To be planted June, 2014 RU044 03073 Graminor, Norway Graminor Early/Mid To be planted June, 2014 WSU 1568 WSU*, USA WSU* Early/Mid 2 July, 2013 BC1 88-6 James Hutton James Hutton Early/Mid 18 June, 2013 RU004 04106 Graminor, Norway Graminor Early/Mid To be planted June, 2014 WSU 1607 WSU*, USA WSU* Early/Mid 2 July, 2013 WSU 1605 WSU*, USA WSU* Mid 2 July, 2013 Tulameen Pearl PARC*, Canada PARC* Mid 18 June, 2013 Clone 299-5 Tulameen PARC*, Canada PARC* Mid 18 June, 2013 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2
Pearl Clone 300-5 Tulameen Pearl Clone 301-5 PARC*, Canada PARC* Mid 18 June, 2013 0658 E-1 James Hutton James Hutton Mid 18 June, 2013 0427-G7 James Hutton James Hutton Mid To be planted June, 2014 EM6804/42 EMR, UK EMR Mid/Late 12 August, 2013 0534RB1 James Hutton James Hutton Mid/Late 18 June, 2013 0015F1 James Hutton James Hutton Late 18 June, 2013 Ukee PARC*, Canada PARC Late 18 June, 2013 Jean d Orleans PARC* (L Acadie, Quebec) PARC* Late 18 June, 2013 *PARC Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, WSU Washington State University Trial site and production details The trial is planted at Rectory Farm, Stanton St John, Oxford, OX33 1HF. It is located within a well sheltered south facing commercial planting of raspberries. The soil texture is classified as loamy sand which offers free drainage. The plants were planted and established in field soils, through black polythene mulched narrow, high raised beds. At planting no trellis was in position, but this will be installed in the early spring of 2014, so as to support primocane as it grows. The plants were supplied with trickle irrigation and fertigated from planting onwards. The date of planting each entry varied depending upon the availability from each of the plant suppliers. The majority were planted in June, July and August 2013, although the entries from Graminor in Norway were not available for planting until 2014. The exact dates of planting each entry are listed in Tables 1 and 2 (above). Figure 1 (below) illustrates some of the plants following planting. Plants were allowed to establish through 2013. The canes were assessed for growth, bud condition and presence of pest/disease early in February 2014, after which the floricane in all plots was cut to ground level. The first flush of primocane was thinned by hand in early May 2014. Pest, disease, weed control and crop nutrition were attended to as and when required. From Spring 2014, these were dictated by the requirements of the commercial planting of raspberries that surrounds the trial. 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 3
Figure 1. Images of the trial set up at planting Trial design Main entries Four replicates of each of the main entries were planted. Ten plants of each cultivar were planted in each replicated plot, spaced 45 cm apart with a one metre gap between each plot. The plots will be protected during their cropping years by Spanish tunnels. The crop rows will be spaced so that two rows will be covered by each tunnel bay. Each row contains a replicate of each main entry and industry standard cultivars, meaning that the four rows of the main entries will be protected by two tunnel bays. The whole trial plan is set out in Appendix 1. 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 4
Guard entries Guard entries were planted in single plots of 10 plants, spaced 45 cm apart, with one metre gap between each plot. The rows have been spaced to allow three to be covered by a Spanish tunnel bay during their fruiting years. The whole trial plan is set out in Appendix 1. Cane assessments Tables 3 and 4 (below) list the results of the cane assessments made in February 2014. It shows that no disease was observed on any of the selections. Bud condition gives a suggestion of earliness (i.e. those with green bud in February such as EM6803/16, EM6804/68 and 0447C-5 are likely to be the earlier selections). It also shows how much growth the canes achieved in their first growing season (planting year). BC92-9-15, AAC Eden (KO6-2), 0447C-5, Ukee, 0568C, Tulameen Pearl Clone 299-5, BC1-88-6 and Jean d Orléans achieved similar levels of growth to the standards Octavia and Tulameen, producing floricane over 1 m in height. The poor cane growth of the EMR entries was primarily due to their late planting. However in the majority of the plots planted in 2013, the plants had produced extensive root systems by February 2014, including those which had produced few canes or ones of poor stature in the planting year. It was too early to determine cane habit or other growth characteristics of the entries in February 2014. Table 3. Results of plant assessments made in February 2014 Main entries Cultivar Name Spines / Spine Free Av. Height of Canes 1 0-30cm, 2 3-60cm 3 60-100cm, 4 >100cm Average of bud condition 1 = dormant 2 = green Average disease 1 = Yes 2 = No 0435D-3 Spine free 3.50 1.75 0 BC92-9-15 Spines 4.00 1.00 0 0485K-1 Spine free 1.50 1.00 0 Tulameen Spines 4.00 1.75 0 AAC Eden (KO6-2) Spine free 4.00 1.50 0 0019 E2 Spine free 1.75 1.25 0 EM6803/16 Spines 1.50 2.00 0 EM6805/142 Spine free 2.00 1.00 0 EM6804/68 Spines 1.75 2.00 0 EM6804/81 Spines 1.75 1.50 0 0447C-5 Spine free 4.00 2.00 0 Octavia Spines 4.00 1.25 0 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 5
Table 4. Results of plant assessments made in February 2014 Guard entries Cultivar Name Spines / Spine Free Av. Height of Canes 1 0-30cm, 2 3-60cm 3 60-100cm, 4 >100cm Average of bud condition 1 = dormant 2 = green Average disease 1 = Yes 2 = No 0568C5 Spine free 4.00 1.00 0 055 E4 Spine free 2.00 1.00 0 Glen Fyne Spine free 3.00 1.00 0 0460F-5 Spine free 2.00 1.00 0 RU004 03067 - - - - RU044 03073 - - - - WSU 1568 Spines 1.00 2.00 0 BC1 88-6 Spines 4.00 1.00 0 RU004 04106 WSU 1607 Spines 2.00 2.00 0 WSU 1605 Spines 2.00 2.00 0 Tulameen Pearl Clone 299-5 Tulameen Pearl Clone 300-5 Tulameen Pearl Clone 301-5 Spines 4.00 2.00 0 Spines 3.00 2.00 0 Spines 2.00 2.00 0 0658 E-1 Spine free 1.00 1.00 0 0427-G7 - - - - EM6804/42 Spines 3.00 1.00 0 0534RB1 Spine free 3.00 2.00 0 0015F1 Spine free 1.00 2.00 0 Ukee Spines 4.00 2.00 0 Jean d Orleans Spines 4.00 2.00 0 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 6
Plans for 2014 and beyond Primocane produced during the 2014 growing season will be reduced in number by hand on several occasions to leave a stand of six to eight canes per metre of row or an average of three canes per plant to crop in 2015. In addition the remaining guard entries will be planted. In 2015 and 2016, yield, berry weight, fruit quality characteristics such as size, colour, firmness and shelf-life will all be recorded. In 2014, 2015 and 2016 the plant characteristics of all the entries will also be evaluated (e.g. plant habit, date of and evenness of bud break, ease of management, lateral pose, strength of attachment, ease of fruit detachment and pest and disease susceptibility). Knowledge and technology transfer No technology transfer has been organised for this project to date. It is planned to produce a PowerPoint presentation in autumn/winter 2014 to display the main and guard entries. The presentation will introduce growers to the advanced selections and new cultivars that have been planted in the trial and include a brief description of plant, pest and disease tolerances, susceptibilities, a picture of the fruit (if available) and the results for any trials they have previously been included. 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 7
Appendix 1 Trial Plan as of February 2014 selections in red to be planted in summer 2014 Block 1 Tunnel 2 Block 2 Tunnel 2 Block 3 Tunnel 3 Block 4 Tunnel 3 Tunnel 4 Plot Variety Plot Variety Plot Variety Plot Variety Guards row 1 Guards row 2 Guards row 3 EM6804/6 1 0447C-5 13 0485K-1 25 Octavia 37 8 0015F1 055 E4 Glen Fyne BC92-9- EM6804/8 2 15 14 1 26 0435D-3 38 Tulameen WSU 1568 WSU 1605 0460F-5 EM6804/8 EM6805/1 AAC Eden 3 1 15 0019 E2 27 42 39 (KO6-2) Ukee Jean d Orléans WSU 1607 AAC Eden EM6804/6 EM6804/8 4 (KO6-2) 16 0435D-3 28 8 40 1 0568C5 0534RB1 0546H-6 5 0435D-3 17 BC92-9-15 29 0485K-1 41 0435D-3 EM6803/1 6 0485K-1 18 6 30 BC92-9-15 42 Octavia EM6803/1 EM6804/6 EM6803/1 7 6 19 8 31 6 43 0447C-5 8 Tulameen 20 0447C-5 32 0019 E2 44 EM6805/1 9 Octavia 21 42 33 0447C-5 45 0019 E2 EM6804/6 10 8 22 Octavia 34 Tulameen 46 BC92-9-15 AAC Eden EM6804/8 11 0019 E2 23 (KO6-2) 35 1 47 0485K-1 12 EM6805/1 42 24 Tulameen 36 AAC Eden (KO6-2) 48 Tulameen Pearl Clone 299-5 BC1 88-6 RU004 03067 EM6805/1 42 0427-G7 EM6803/1 6 Tulameen Pearl Clone 300-5 0658 E-1 Tulameen Pearl Clone 301-5 EM6804/42 RU044 03073 RU004 04106 2014 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 8