Antonino Porrello, Antonio Talone, Marco Vani (Università IUAV di Venezia) Enrico Tommarchi (Politecnico di Milano) Inclusion through Education and Culture Joint Conference of the The University Network of the European Capitals of Culture and the Compostela Group of Universities 14-15 October 2010 University of Pécs Pécs, European Capital of Culture 2010
5 case-studies of European Capitals of Culture Genova and Lille 2004 Essen-Ruhr, Pécs and Istanbul 2010 Comparative analysis Contexts Before the ECOC ECOC programs and cultural strategies Conclusions
Urban arrangement: 6th largest city in Italy (600,000) Traditional economic basis: 3rd industrial city in the country (steel and shipbuilding) Initial context: economic decline and unemployment; need for a new development pattern
Urban arrangement: polycentric urban area; city of Lille (200,000 people) and Lille Métropole (2ml people); strategic position Traditional economic basis: textile sector, heavy industry (steel and coal mining) Initial context: economic decline, need to change the economic basis
Urban arrangement: metropolitan region (5mil people, network of 53 towns) Traditional economic basis: heavy industry (steel and coal mining) Initial context: economic decline, bad image, ethnic minorities, need for a new development pattern Bottrop Gelsenkirchen Oberhausen Dortmund Duisburg Essen Bochum
Urban arrangement: mediumsized city (150,000 people, 30.000 students) Traditional economic basis: SMEs (porcelain, ceramic), mining (bauxite), traditional role of the university Initial context: economic decline, no strategic vision for the cultural field, need for a new development pattern (knowldge economy, creative industry)
Urban arrangement: bi-continental megalopolis (12.5million prople, 39 municipal districts) Traditional economic basis: industrial, financial and logistics centre of Turkey Initial context: overgrowth and polycentric development social polarization limited participation
Lille strategy of cooperation aimed at unifying the area (80s), strategic planning (90s), Ville Renouvelèe metropolitan strategy Genova Process of cultural-based urban regeneration Events:1991 Fifa World Cup,1992 Colombiane, 2001 G8 summit
Essen IBA Emscher Park (1989): 10 years architecture exhibition Konzept Ruhr 2030 (2007): territorial strategy (41 towns) Pécs Competitiveness Pole Programme: territorial strategy, Pécs as a Qualitypolis
Istanbul Process of reconstruction started in the 80s Increasing attractiveness (cultural tourism) expansion of cultural events openings of universities and museums owned by large capital groups multiplication of smaller scale artistic initiatives
Cultural strategy: Defining a new and sustainable (cultural) identity; improving the city s image Structural interventions: Recovering the city centre Integration between cultural structures (networks) and between them and the urban environment (urban regeneration) Palazzi dei Rolli Galata maritime museum
Cultural strategy: rethinking the urban economic basis and the regional development pattern Structural interventions: recovering former industrial plants (Maisons Folie) Urban regeneration Infrastructures
Cultural strategy: Reconversion: culture as an alternative to industry Long-term view of regional development Structural interventions: recovering former industrial plants (symbols of the Ruhr s past) for cultural activities building new symbols of the change (e.g. the Tetraedron) creating lanscape parks Dortmund U Bottrop Tetraedron
Cultural strategy: culture as a strategy to enhance the local quality of life Zsolnay Cultural Quarter Structural interventions: recovering the city centre and his cultural symbols through culture Museum street
Cultural strategy: arts and culture for promoting Istanbul as a tourist destination Short-term view Structural interventions: mainly addressed to urban regeneration and conservation
ECOC policies founded upon culture and tourism In terms of: Economic growth Social development Urban renewal role (new city user) Urban Cultural Tourist Historic cities, regenerated industrial cities, waterfront developments, arts and heritage attractions, shopping, nightlife (Smith, 2003) Field Cultural ecology recognizing the heterogeneous components of the cultural field and the connections between them (Mercer, 2005)
Antonino Porrello porrello@iuav.it Antonio Talone talonio@hotmail.com Enrico Tommarchi enrico.tommarchi@gmail.com Marco Vani vani_marco@yahoo.it Inclusion through Education and Culture Joint Conference of the The University Network of the European Capitals of Culture and the Compostela Group of Universities 14-15 October 2010 University of Pécs Pécs, European Capital of Culture 2010