IPM approach for thrips control in strawberry: predatory mites and monitoring Marieke Vervoort Research Centre Hoogstraten, Belgium
Frankliniella occidentalis Western flower thrips Rapid fruit damage Decreases marketability > profit High need for alternative pest control - Existing products: ineffective, resistance - Residue on fruit
Predatory mites Control of western flower thrips Predatory mite: 3x100 Thrips: 3x100 Floral counts: thrips Fruit damage Growth Flowering Harvest Cultivation system Predatory mites tested Thrips reduction 1 Double cropping glass greenhouse E. gallicus, A. limonicus A. limonicus 2 Summer cultivation glass greenhouse A. limonicus, A. cucumeris, A. swirskii A. limonicus, A. swirskii 3 Summer cultivation open air A. cucumeris, A. swirskii A. swirskii 4 Autumn cultivation glass greenhouse E. gallicus, A. limonicus, A. cucumeris A. limonicus 5 Early spring cultivation glass greenhouse E. gallicus, A. limonicus, A. cucumeris / 6 Spring cultivation plastic tunnel E. gallicus, A. limonicus / 7 Spring cultivation plastic greenhouse A. limonicus, A. swirskii A. limonicus 8 Autumn cultivation plastic greenhouse A. limonicus, A. cucumeris A. limonicus
% damaged fruits Number of thrips/flower Number % damaged of thrips/flower fruits What about Neoseiulus cucumeris? Cage trial: A. limonicus 2x40/m² vs. N. cucumeris 4x250/m² Spring cultivation Autumn cultivation 4,0 3,5 100% 3,0 80% 2,5 Bronzing + prominent seeds 4,0 3,5 100% 3,0 80% 2,5 Bronzing + prominent seeds 2,0 60% 2,0 60% 1,5 40% 1,0 0,5 20% 1,5 40% 1,0 20% 0,5 0,0 0% 24-mei 31-mei 07-jun 0,0 0% 16-aug 23-aug
Combining A. limonicus & N. cucumeris? Early cultivation Clery 10 plants per cage: 6/10/2017 Predatory mites: 10/02 + 17/02 Thrips 3x100: 15/02 + 22/02 + 1/03 Object A. limonicus N. cucumeris Untreated A. limonicus 2x40/m² N. cucumeris 2x100 + 1 sachet/m² Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² 2x100/m² Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m²
Number of thrips per flower Thrips in flower Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² 7,00 Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² a 2x100/m² 6,00 Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m² 5,00 Onbehandeld A. limonicus N. cucucumeris Combi 1 Combi 2 Combi 3 Combi 4 a lim cuc Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² 2x100/m² Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m² 4,00 3,00 2,00 ns b bc b b bc b 1,00 c 0,00 10-03 21-03 31-03
% damaged plants Thrips damage 60% 50% a Bronzing 40% 30% 20% 10% b c bc bc bc c 0% lim cuc Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² 2x100/m² Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m²
3,25 3,00 2,75 2,50 2,25 2,00 1,75 1,50 1,25 1,00 0,75 0,50 0,25 0,00 Predatory mite/flower 10/3/17 N. cucumeris A. limonicus Breeding sachets Predatory mites in flower 3,25 3,00 2,75 2,50 2,25 2,00 1,75 1,50 1,25 1,00 0,75 0,50 0,25 0,00 21/3/17 3,25 3,00 2,75 2,50 2,25 2,00 1,75 1,50 1,25 1,00 0,75 0,50 0,25 0,00 31/3/17 lim cuc Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² 2x100/m² Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m²
Predatory mites on leaves Predatory mite/leaf 2,00 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 23/3/17 N. cucumeris A. limonicus 2,00 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 6/4/17 lim cuc Combi 1 2x40/m² 2x100/m² Combi 2 2x20/m² 2x200/m² Combi 3 2x20/m² 2x100/m² Combi 4 2x40/m² 1 sachet/m² A. limonicus N. cucumeris A. limonicus N. cucumeris
Combining A. limonicus & N. cucumeris? Combination works: both predatory mites found - Niche: Flower: N. cucumeris (sachets), A. limonicus Leaf: A. limonicus - Best thrips control: A. limonicus 2x40/m² + N. cucumeris sachets/m² (combi 4) N. cucumeris: price/quality A. limonicus: steady population build-up
Biological thrips control Introduce predatory mites early MONITORING Curative action in case of high pressure - Supplemental beneficials: Orius (temperature!) - Chemical intervention, only if necessary (side effects!) - Preventive treatment aphids - Sticky traps - Predatory mites - Predatory bugs Curative action based on MONITORING Plant growth Flowering Harvest
IPM Monitoring Classification key PEST 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 BENEFICIALS Thrips* 0 1-2 3-5 6 1 0 *Orius 1 0 *Predatory mite 6 3-5 1-2 0 Predatory mite Spider mite 0 1-4 5-19 20 Aphid 0 1-4 5-9 10 >50% 3 1-2 0 Mummies Whitefly 0 1-4 5-15 16
% plants thrips % plants predatry mites % plants thrips % plants predatory mites % plants predatry bugs 0% Double cropping cultivation 16-17 31-08 07-09 14-09 21-09 28-09 05-10 12-10 19-10 26-10 02-11 09-11 17-11 23-11 30-11 07-12 14-12 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 1 st Harvest A. limonicus 2x40/m² N. cucumeris 1x100/m² Orius 4x0.5/m² 80% 60% 40% 20% 100% 0% 01-03 08-03 14-03 22-03 29-03 05-04 12-04 20-04 26-04 03-05 10-05 100% 0% 20% 40% 2 nd Harvest A. limonicus 2x40/m² N. cucumeris 1sachet/2lm 80% 60% 60% 40% 80% 20% 100% 0% 1-2 thrips/flower 3-5 thrips/flower 6 thrips/flower 1-2 predaotry mites/leaf 3-5 predatory mites/leaf 6 predatory mites/leaf
IPM thrips Year-round protection against thrips Early cultivations: population build-up can be difficult High pressure of thrips (everbearers) Combination of predatory mites A. limonicus + N. cucumeris Orius Integrated Pest Management - Apply for all pests/diseases: side-effects - Monitoring: know what is present - Balance: allow pest presence
Thank you for your attention! Marieke Vervoort Proefcentrum Hoogstraten Voort 71, B-2328 Meerle Tel: +32 (0) 3 315 70 52 marieke.vervoort@proefcentrum.be www.proefcentrum.be