Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of tuberose grown on Vertisol

An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 10 Issue 2 December, 2015 e ISSN 0976 7231 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in Research Article DOI : 10.15740/HAS/AJSS/10.2/ Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of tuberose grown on Vertisol PRITI R. SHIRSAT, OMMALA D. KUCHANWAR, SAGAR N. INGLE, SAINATH ZALTE AND NILESH P. ABGAD MEMBERS OF RESEARCH FORUM: Corresponding author : OMMALA D. KUCHANWAR, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, NAGPUR (M.S.) INDIA Email: ommalakuchanwar@yahoo.com Co-authors : PRITI R. SHIRSAT, SAGAR N. INGLE, SAINATH ZALTE AND NILESH P. ABGAD, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, NAGPUR (M.S.) INDIA Received : 07.03.2015; Revised : 09.10.2015; Accepted : 23.10.2015 Summary An investigation entitled effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of tuberose was carried out during Kharif season of the year 2012-13 at the farm of Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. The treatments comprised of the eleven combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers.the experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications.the results obtained in the present investigation indicated that, the ing parameters, like days required for initiation of first stalk, days for 50 per cent ing and days required for harvesting from initiation of first stalk were found minimum in the treatment receiving 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). In respect of yield parameters, the maximum number of spikes per plant, per plot and per hectare were found maximum under the treatment with application of 50 per cent N through (RDF). Flower quality parameters, like length of spike, length of rachis, length of floret, diameter of floret, diameter of spike, number of florets per rachis, vase life of cut s and oil content were also recorded maximum under the treatment with application of 50 per cent N through (RDF). Application of 50 per cent N through (RDF) improved the yield and quality of tuberose. Key words : Integrated nutrient management, Tuberose, Vertisol How to cite this article : Shirsat, Priti R., Kuchanwar, Ommala D., Ingle, Sagar N., Zalte, Sainath and Abgad, Nilesh P. (2015). Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of tuberose grown on Vertisol. Asian J. Soil Sci., 10(2) :. Introduction Tuberose ( Polianthes tuberosa L.) belongs to family Amaryllidaceae, is native of Mexico. In India, it is popularly known as Rajanigandha, Nishigandha, Sugandharaja, Gulcheri and Gul-e-Shahu. Among the commercially grown s in India, tuberose occupies a prime position because of its popularity as cut, loose s as well as for its potential in perfume industry. Today floriculture is recognized as a lucrative profession with much higher potential for returns per unit area than the field crop. The annual demand for s is growing at a rate of over 25 per cent annually. In recent years, the area under floriculture in India is expanding at a faster rate. The area devoted to floriculture in India is estimated to be around 183 thousand ha during 2009-10 providing over 1021 thousand MT of loose s and 66671 million cut s (Anonymous, 2010). In Maharashtra, the area under HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE

PRITI R. SHIRSAT, OMMALA D. KUCHANWAR, SAGAR N. INGLE, SAINATH ZALTE AND NILESH P. ABGAD floriculture is 17,500 hectares with the production of s are estimated to be 91.1 thousand MT of loose s and 7914.0 lakh (numbers) of cut s in 2009-10 (Anonymous, 2010). Resource and Research Methods The field investigation in relation to effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of tuberose was conducted on field of Horticulture (Bhajiwadi), College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.S.) during Kharif season of 2012-13. The treatments comprised of the eleven combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T 1 RDF, T 2-50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 3-50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 4-50 per cent N through press mud cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 5-50 per cent N through neem cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 6-50 per cent N through city compost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 7-75 per cent N through FYM + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 8-75 per cent N through vermicompost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 9-75 per cent N through press mud cake + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), T 10-75 per cent N through neem cake + 25 per cent N through urea and K (RDF), T 11-75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The Recommended dose of fertilizer was 200:300:200 kg of N 2, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, respectively. Each treatment was assigned to plot and five plants at random were selected for the recording of the observation in each plot. Parameter for which observations were recorded included days to spike emergence, length of the spike, length of rachis, length of floret, diameter of florets, number of florets per spikes, vase life of cut spike, diameter of spike and oil content of florets. The observation on the length of spike was recorded from the nodal base of spike on the top most floret at the time of complete opening of all the s. Research Findings and Discussion The results obtained from the present investigation as well as relevant discussion have been summarized under following heads : Flowering parameter : The data regarding days required for ing after the initiation of first with the minimum days ( 99.13) required for initiation of first stalk was in treatment receiving 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). However the maximum days (103.67) required for ing recorded in plots with application of 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) (Table 1). Minimum days required for initiation of ing in receiving 50 per cent N through (RDF) may be due to availability of nutrients to the plant are more in vermicompost due to which plant has vigorous growth. This might be due to effective change in physicochemical properties and fertility of soil caused by application of vermicompost. These results are in accordance with the findings of Athavle et al. (2006) in golden rod. The data regarding to 50 per cent ing revealed that, the significant differences among treatments were observed in respect of 50 per cent ing. The minimum numbers of days required for 50 per cent ing were observed in treatment receiving 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). This was statistically significant. This may be due to vermicompost is rich source of major and micro nutrients, so availability of nutrients are more to plants for growth, so maturity takes place early. Gharat et al. (2008) confirmed these findings with use of vermicompost in aster.the maximum days required for 50 per cent ing were recorded in the treatment receiving 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The data regarding days to harvest s from the initiation of first, the minimum days required for harvest from the initiation of first stalk were observed in treatment with use of 50 per cent N through (RDF). Treatments with 50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), 50 per cent N through press mud cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), 50 per cent N through neem cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), 50 per cent N through city compost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) and 75 per cent N through FYM + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) were at par with 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 211 Asian J. Soil Sci., (Dec., 2015) 10 (2) :

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON YIELD & QUALITY OF TUBEROSE GROWN ON VERTISOL cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). However, the maximum days required for harvesting from the initiation of first was recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The minimum days required for ing after initiation of the spike to harvest of on plant was recorded with the application of vermicompost along with inorganic fertilizer. This may be due to, the application of vermicompost resulting in easy mineralization and thus, availability of essential nutrients. Besides, vermicompost releases humic acid which heads the soil towards neutrality, the rate of energy transformation and transport of metabolites increase which may results into earliness. Similar findings were reported by Chopde et al. (2007) in tuberose, Mankar (2005) and Verma et al. (2011) in chrysanthemum. Flower quality parameters : The data regarding length of spike, the maximum length of spike (98.13 cm) was recorded in plots receiving 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The treatments RDF, 50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) were at par 50 per cent N through (RDF), whereas significantly superior over all other treatments. These results are in conformity with the findings of Godse et al. (2006) who stated that, the use of vermicompost which is rich in nutrients like P, Ca, Fe, Mg, B, Zn and Mn which pramots production of quality of s and also increased length of spike in gladiolus. The minimum length of spike (92.33 cm) was recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The data regarding diameter of spike resulted that, the maximum diameter of spike (0.82 cm) was recorded in treatment with application of 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) and 50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). These results were confirmed by the findings of Gangadharan and Gopinath (2000) and Deshmukh (2007) in gladiolus and chrysanthemum, respectively.the minimum diameter (0.78 cm) was recorded in treatment with application of 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The data in respect to length of rachis revealed that, application of 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) recorded maximum length of rachis (24.99 cm) which was highly significant over rest of the treatments. Chopde et al. (2007) and Yadav et al. (2005) also found highest length of rachis in tuberose with application of vermicompost. From the tabulated data, it is clear that, the maximum length of spike, diameter of spike and length of rachis Table 1 : Effect of integrated nutrient management on quality parameter of tuberose Treatments initiation of first 50% ing harvest from the initiation of first of spike Diameter of spike of rachis of floret Diameter of floret HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 212 Asian J. Soil Sci., (Dec., 2015) 10 (2) : Vase life of (days) Oil content in fresh (%) T 1 102.73 134.07 31.60 96.53 0.79 23.56 5.77 3.05 9.27 0.17 0.18 T 2 101.13 128.73 26.87 97.93 0.82 24.37 5.91 3.21 10.13 0.26 0.27 T 3 99.13 121.40 26.20 98.13 0.82 24.99 6.06 3.27 10.40 0.27 0.28 T 4 102.87 129.60 27.07 96.20 0.80 21.25 5.81 3.26 10.07 0.24 0.25 T 5 102.93 133.73 28.33 95.40 0.80 21.05 5.86 3.06 9.53 0.21 0.20 T 6 103.27 131.40 28.80 93.20 0.80 20.89 5.68 3.07 9.67 0.18 0.19 T 7 102.33 133.87 27.47 93.33 0.81 21.73 5.61 2.99 9.43 0.17 0.17 T 8 103.00 134.93 31.73 92.53 0.81 20.25 5.87 2.99 9.33 0.18 0.23 T 9 102.43 133.73 29.67 94.00 0.79 20.63 5.80 3.06 9.60 0.16 0.19 T 10 102.47 134.67 30.73 92.80 0.78 19.95 5.24 2.95 9.20 0.15 0.16 T 11 103.67 135.87 32.13 92.33 0.78 18.74 5.57 3.02 9.00 0.14 0.16 F test Sig. Sig. Sig. Sig. Sig. Sig. Sig Sig Sig NS NS S.E. ± 0.79 1.39 1.18 0.84 0.008 1.20 0.13 0.06 0.26 0.023 0.017 C.D. (P=0.05) 2.31 4.09 3.48 2.47 0.024 3.5 0.39 0.20 0.76 - - NS=Non-significant Oil content in dry (%)

PRITI R. SHIRSAT, OMMALA D. KUCHANWAR, SAGAR N. INGLE, SAINATH ZALTE AND NILESH P. ABGAD were recorded in treatment plot treated with 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), which was significantly superior over all other treatments. This might be due to integration of inorganic fertilizer like vermicompost which enhanced the plant growth and resulted in maximum length of spike, diameter of spike and length of rachis. There is slight variation in values of length of fully opened floret. The maximum length of floret of (6.06 cm) was recorded with application of 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), while minimum length of floret (5.24 cm) was observed in treatment receiving 75 per cent N through neem cake + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The results are in agreement with findings of Gangadharan and Gopinath (2000) in gladiolus. The values of diameter of tuberose florets were in range of 2.95 cm to 3.27 cm. The maximum diameter (3.27 cm) was observed in treatment with 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). The application of adequate nutrients through inorganic fertilizers in combination with vermicompost might result in cell elongation which would have been resulted into an increase in length and diameter of floret. The results are in conformity with finding of Gharat et al. (2008) in aster, Deshmukh et al. (2008) in gallardia. Treatments 50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), 50 per cent N through press mud cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), and 50 per cent N through city compost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) were at par with treatment 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). This was significantly superior over rest of treatments. The minimum diameter (2.95 cm) was recorded in plots receiving 75 per cent N through neem cake + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). Vase life of : Slight variation was observed regarding vase life of s in different treatments (9.00 days to 10.40 days). Maximum vase life (10.40 days) was recorded in plots receiving 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). Treatments with 50 per cent N through FYM + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), 50 per cent N through press mud cake + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), and 50 per cent N through city compost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF) were found at par with 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF), which was also significantly superior over rest of treatments. The increase in vase life of might be due to reason that, application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure i.e. vermicompost, which is adequate to supply plant nutrients. This resulted into increased vegetative growth, early maturity and produce appropriate carbohydrate before reproductive stage. Later on the plant might have transferred their nutritive and metabolic energy for longer vase life. Similar results were published by Chaitra and Patil (2007) and Netra et al. (1999) in China aster and Chopde et al. (2007) in tuberose. The minimum vase life of (9.00) was recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). Oil content in fresh and dry s : Application of 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea +P and K (RDF) in treatment T 3 resulted in highest oil content (0.27 %) in fresh s, which was significantly superior over rest of treatments. Treatments T 2, T 4 and T 5 were at par with T 3. While the minimum oil content in fresh s (0.14%) was observed in treatment with application of 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). Same results were reported by Lobna and Eid Rawia (2011) in tuberose. The oil content in dry s of tuberose ranged between 0.16 per cent to 0.28 per cent. Treatment with application of 50 per cent N through vermicompost + 50 per cent N through urea +P and K (RDF) recorded maximum oil content (0.28 %) which was significantly superior over rest of treatments. The minimum oil content in dry (0.16%) was recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent N through city compost + 25 per cent N through urea + P and K (RDF). Similar results were reported by Lobna and Eid Rawia (2011) in tuberose. Literature Cited Anonymous (2010). Districtwise area and production in Gujarat state, Directorate of Horticulture, Gandhinagar, GUJARAT (INDIA). HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 213 Asian J. Soil Sci., (Dec., 2015) 10 (2) :

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON YIELD & QUALITY OF TUBEROSE GROWN ON VERTISOL Athavle, M.P., Chopde Neha K., Thakre, S. A., Khobragade, H. M. and Bagde, S.A. (2006). Effect of organic manures and biofertilisers on growth, yield and quality of golden rod (Solidago canadensis). J. Soils & Crops, 16 (1): 205-209 Chaitra, R. and Patil, V.S. (2007). Integrated nutrient management studies in China aster (Callistephus chinenses). Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 20(3) : 689-690. Chopde, M.P., Pillewan, Shalini and Bhongle, S.A. (2007). Integrated nutrient management in tuberose. Adv. Plant Sci., 20 (2) : 443-444. Deshmukh, P.G., Khiratkar, S.D., Badge, S.A. and Bhongle, S.A. (2008). Effect of bio inoculants with graded doses of NPK on growth and yield of gaillardia. J. Soils & Crops, 18 (1) : 212-216. Deshmukh, Snehal (2007). Studies on integrated nutrient management on annual chrysanthemum M.Sc. Thesis, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, M.S. (INDIA). Gangadharan, G.D. and Gopinath, G. (2000). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and ing of gladiolus cv. WHITE PROSPERTY. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 13(2): 401-405. Gharat, S.A., Rohidas, S.B., Patil, M.B. and Nawghare, P.D. (2008). Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality parameters of aster var. California Giant. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 33 (1): 103-104. 10 t h Year of Excellence Godse, S.B., Goliwar, V.J., Chopde, Neha, Bramhankar, K.S. and Kore, M.S. (2006). Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of gladiolus. J. Soils & Crops, 16 (2): 445-449. Lobna, S. Taha and Eid, Rawia, A. (2011). Stimulation effect of bioregulator on ing, chemical constituent, essential oil and phytoharmons of tuberose. New Yark Sci. J., 4(5) : 165-171. Mogal, S.A., Khairatkar, S.D., Chopde, Neha, K., Dalvi, A.M., Kuchanwar, Ommala D. and Khobragade, Y. R. (2006). Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers with reduced doses of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of China aster. J. Soils & Crops, 16 (1):180-185 Netra, N.N., Jayprasad, K.V. and Kale, R.D. (1999). China aster cultivation using vermicompost as organic amendment. Crop Res. Hissar, 17 (2):204-215. Verma, S. K., Angadi, S.G., Patil, V.S., Mokashi, A.N., Mathad, J.C. and Mummigatti, U.V.(2011). Growth, yield, quality of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolum Ramet) cv. RAJA as influenced by integrated nutrient management. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 24(5): 681-683. Yadav, L.P., Bose, T.K. and Naik, R.G. (2005). Response of tuberose to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Prog. Hort., 17 (2): 83-86. HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 214 Asian J. Soil Sci., (Dec., 2015) 10 (2) :