Managing the university campus: theory and practice Dr. Alexandra den Heijer Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft, Netherlands 9%0:#"$0&;)8/#,$0%<0 +!"0,2342562 CONTENT / Propositions 1.! Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus. 2. It takes a crisis for example a fire to change the academic workplace. 3. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life to obsolete industrial heritage buildings. 4. The campus of the future is a city.!"#$%#$&& $'%"()%&+&,(-.%/"(0 6B! G'F=E%0:#"$0&;D)',F'%H#8"E$&"'&#.H;&=#!=;$0F',F'C!E$B -,$%(&"1(&,)(%2&30&!)$4 2B I&&'<#$'F"0$0$J8)"#-'C!,#'K"#J&)F='%D#&=#'F'.#C0F A)"<!,'F#B & #%/&!"#!%5$&$%$%6& LB M=#0%%):'(:#'%.N#-0H,#<%)A,#.D##F)%)C;F'%H"0%D%#A,08#&) )H$),#�%.E$&"0',=#"0&'D#HE0,.0%D$B $(-$%7)!&!'")!%& OB M=#F'C!E$)8&=#8E&E"#0$'F0&;B 1. Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus Elke universiteitsdoelstelling kan door de fysieke campus worden gefrustreerd. 8)9&:;<&=>?@A&BC<DEF;@&?G&BHIB@G?JBK&& =L:&?M@;LE@DBN& &!"#"$%&'$(%)'#"#%+,#-,#.%/#"01."23% % PIE$#.&=0$QE)�%&=#K"$&$#%&#%F#)8C;H))<R O:&E@EP;M:2&8)9&:;<&=>?@A&=>B&DEOI<G&?G&BHIB@G?JBK&& =L:&@BMPBDF@M&?=N& AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6
!"#$#%&'()%+,#-'%."'.#%/#01#" performance criteria university Managing the university campus focus on university competitive advantage profitability strategic 2 worst case scenarios : focus on real estate financial strategic controllers policy makers 1. invest in campus! high capital costs! at cost of resources education & research campus decision 2. neglect backlog maintenance! productivity loss! lower profitability! lower rank sustainable development productivity G:#";!")1#F&)"F'C!E$F'%H# '$$#$$#.8")CO!#"$!#F(:#$ technical managers users operational goal: find estate strategy that optimally contributes to all performance criteria functional physical UU-4 RU-1 RUG-3 TUD-3 RUG-2 UU-5 RUG-5 EUR-2 Utrecht / UU Nijmegen / RU Groningen / RUG Delft / TUD Groningen / RUG Utrecht / UU Groningen / RUG Rotterdam / EUR WU-2 TUE-4 UT-1 UT-3 WU-1 EUR-1 TUD-1 TUE-2 Wageningen / WU Eindhoven / TUE Enschede / UT Enschede / UT Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Delft / TUD Eindhoven / TUE Financial Strategic Controllers Policy makers RUG-4 LEI-1 UvA-1 TUD-2 UT-2 VU-2 RUG-6 LEI-2 Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI Amsterdam / UvA Delft / TUD Enschede / UT Amsterdam / VU Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI UU-3 VU-1 UvT-1 UM-2 WU-3 EUR-3 RUG-1 UM-3 Utrecht / UU Amsterdam / VU Tilburg / UvT Maastricht / UM Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Groningen / RUG Maastricht / UM Technical managers Users Physical Functional RU-2 UvA-2 UU-1 TUE-1 UU-2 UM-1 TUE-3 TUD-4 Nijmegen / RU Amsterdam / UvA Utrecht / UU Eindhoven / TUE Utrecht / UU Maastricht / UM Eindhoven / TUE Delft/TUD m2 source: Den Heijer 2011 investment costs from 500 to 4000 euro / m2 gross floor area key performance indicators (for measuring added value) performance criteria university knowledge base! knowledge workers, alumni! diversity in urban population: age, education, culture, lifestyle! student housing in units! hotel rooms, short stay apartments! housing for staff competitive advantage economic base! value of university as employer! economic spin-off: GDP, start-ups! attractiveness city for businesses! purchasing power of users and visitors related to university! costs of ownership / total costs profitability profitability! attractiveness of city or region! university rankings! reputation of faculty & departments! market share of student enrolment financial strategic goals to support, quality ambitions university output! diplomas! degrees! publications! citations! Patents! knowledge workers (alumni) costs, benefits, value campus management users, satisfaction, mix of functions / spaces functioneel users! students! academic staff! support staff m2, condition. location, quality physical productivity! city inhabitants related to university! visitors related to university! local land prices! local rent levels economic department strategic financial executive board finance & control university dean finance & control faculty department chairman department finance campus management information specific users building users campus users specific managers project managers portfolio managers functional! total costs of ownership per m2! land value! replacement costs per type of m2! maintenance costs per m2! energy costs per m2! technical condition! m2 land property! m2 buildings! m2 per space type! carbon footprint university per m2 physical spatial department city population! carbon footprint city space use, quality of space sustainable development productivity AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, public authorities costs & benefits of physical resources competitive advantage primary processes: education, research, knowledge valorisation economics: matching goals - resources!!!!!!! output per m2 occupancy rates frequency rates user satisfaction users per m2 required function mix required quality level! m2 per user group! energy use per user! carbon footprint per user! quality of place: cultural, sports, cafes and restaurants! accessibility: parking, public space, infrastructure sustainable development 2
Loughborough Oxford London Cambridge Appendix I Dutch university campuses EUR LEI OU RU RUG TUD TUE UM UT UU UvA UvT VU WU Erasmus University Rotterdam Leiden University Open Universiteit Radboud University Nijmegen University of Groningen Delft University of Technology Eindhoven University of Technology Maastricht University University of Twente Utrecht University University of Amsterdam Tilburg University Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Wageningen University 5 S5 655 <C Amsterdam $& Leiden -& Delft Utrecht Wageningen Rotterdam Nijmegen Tilburg $& Eindhoven Groningen $& Enschede Dortmund Hamburg Hannover Universities in the Netherlands T Delft 3 5 Leiden Rotterdam 1 2 Amsterdam 6 Utrecht A Wageningen 11 Nijmegen 13 Groningen T Enschede 14 universities in the Netherlands: 17 mln Dutch inhabitants 240,000 students 24,000 academic staff 21,000 support staff + 40 institutions for higher professional education ( hogescholen ) source data: 2011 Lille Brussels Maastricht Heerlen Köln Frankfurt 7 Tilburg T Eindhoven T A universities of technology (3) agricultural university 0 50 100 km Open University - distant learning Paris 9 Heerlen Maastricht University campus in 2011 Problems internationally shared campus stad campus stad gebouwen gebouwen gebouwen stad gebouwen Decreasing public funding Ageing campus (technically and functionally) More than 50 % of floor area is from 1960s and 1970s Low occupancy and frequency rates Sustainable campus! greening the campus Increasing costs of campus Expanding campus! city 15 Bron: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer, 2011) Managing the university campus! Managing the European campus 2. It takes a crisis for instance a fire to change the academic workplace! putting campus (management) on the strategic agenda! gathering data in European network! use crowd sourcing and crowd funding (EU universities)! to generate collective management information! compare campus management models (campus ownership)! result: publications / benchmarks / tools Er is een crisis voor nodig bijvoorbeeld een brand om de academische werkplek te veranderen.! supporting campus decisions of EUA members AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, L
.;J?B&8$>B&<@9;LMBQERPB&SLBN& TIUGJ8)&)V$ %OBLMB@D:&& OE@EMBOB@=& & T&U&CE:G&& EVBL&=>B&SLB& M#,#&#<$&JH#W)#<C0%0$&#" AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, O
Aankondiging in Aula Found a new building within 10 days sustainable = re-use ASSIGNMENT: relocate 3300 students and > 800 employees DEADLINE: renovate 320.000 sqft < 6 months + new construction 40.000 sqft < next 6 months Foto s bezoek Julianalaan What we started with in June 2008! AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, S
Facts 150 participating companies 25 consultancy / architecture firms,ef=y)&)d#h)ea Project ready < 1 year 5>EGB&U&Z&7[-&'"1%2& OB555C2D8'!"# 0%E$#]';255^ Undergraduates < 4 months after fire 350 construction workers on site 800 orders 15 km sprinkler / 5500 sprinklers 30.000 litres paint 220 km data cables 5200 wall outlets 5>EGB&W&X&%-$2& 6XB555C2D8' 0%E$#Z#!&#CH#"255[ 5>EGB&Y&X&/%$2& 6XB555C2D8' 0%E$#\):#CH#"255[ professor construction architect + project facilities leader manager procurement project managers 3. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life to obsolete industrial heritage buildings. De innovatieve en flexibele kenniseconomie kan nieuw leven geven aan industrieel erfgoed. dean communication architect academic + program controller ICT AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, X
Technology!"#$#%&'()%+,#-'%."'.#%/#01#" 42.000 m2 _#,,E,'")`F#$!'F#0%),.HE0,.0%DJ':#"'D#)FFE!'%F;"'Sa Delft University of Challenge the future 11th floor 13.5 m2 usable floor area / fte Monika 0,3 + Ceciel 0,9 Fridjof 0,4 (+) Hans W. 0,8 Barbara 0,8 SECRETARIAAT - Angie MSc-lab - Anuschka Marja 0,8 Fred 1,0-50% - Laura Jildou 0,9 Loes 0,6 D 2 IR-lab - Shanti Eva-C. 1,0-5x student Ada 0,8 John 1,0 Dion 0,8 32.000 m2 Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0 Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0 Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0 Guido 1,0 Jeroen B. 0,8 Marie-Therese 0,4 Wout 1,0 (0,8) Andre 0,6 Ineke 0,6 Everaert 0,5 Gerard 1,0 (0,8) Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0 Rein dg 0,4 Casper 0,2 Stojanovic Koos 1,0 (0,8) Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing Management Design the building as a city reduce footprint (-15%), more shared / public space! Glass house 1 AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 3
Private! Public space Contextual Concept: Connectivity and variety GOALS ORGANISATION 1.! Community building 2.! More effective support of education, research & management 3.! Creating the place to meet 4.! Stimulate social interaction & intellectual interaction 5.! Flexible use of facilities 6.! Sustainable - sustainable solutions -! CO 2 neutral campus -! less m2, more quality (photo: Wageningen) +),-./)=6-()!=)&)]''$&"0F=&9%0:#"$0&; _'C!E$)8&=#8E&E"#? 7C)"#QE',0&;4,#$$QE'%(&; 7!%#A,08#8)"),.HE0,.0%D$ 7!0%F"#'$#H#%#K&$@C2&)F):#" =0D=C'0%&#%'%F#F)$&@C2 7E$#"$'FF#!&C)"#.#8#F&$)8 C#'%0%D8E,4=0$&)"0FHE0,.0%D$!"#$%&'"()+),-./).')#$)0$0"1/)2),3 4 )$05."#6)75-68-$1) 9085:0)&''.;"-$.<)('"0)5%0"%)2)(4) AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, [
(BC<D?@M&OYK&R<=&?OIL;J?@M\&& & & &]<EP?=:&;9&IPEDB&^?@=BL?;L&CBG?M@_& (BC<D?@M&OYK&R<=&?OIL;J?@M\&& & & &]<EP?=:&;9&IPEDB&^D<P=<LEP&>BL?=EMB_& EA108, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Folding chair Dafne, Rinaldi Gastone, 1980 EA124, Charles&Ray Eames, 1958 Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi, 1954 Armchair, G. Th Rietveld, 1927 La Chaise&Screen, Charles&Ray Eames, 1948 Armchair, Ib Kofod-Larsen, ± 1950 Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl, 1904 EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950 Low Table Set, Frank Gehry, 1972 LTR Table, Charles&Ray Eames, 1950 44 Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, 1946-1948 Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 2002 Chair, W.H. Gispen, 1929-1930 Metal Side Table, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, source: BK city guide see http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/bkcity - photos & furniture by VITRA - http://www.vitra.com (BC<D?@M&OYK&R<=&?OIL;J?@M\&& & & &]<EP?=:&;9&P?9B&^DEOI<G&+&D?=:_& I%&#"%'()%',"#8#"#%F#$? 7!/#0.#,H#"D 7!9!!$',' 7!Z)"H)%%#@b'"0$ 7!c,'$D)A 7!c#%& 9!!$','4ZA#.#% c,'$d)a49d b'"0$4t"'%f# /#0.#,H#"D4c#"C'%; the academic workplace place! building! city 4. The campus of the future is a city one territorial office workplace! many non-territorial places De campus van de toekomst is een stad AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, ^
FUNCTION MIX campus of the future To share or not to be! ACADEMIC: EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED RETAIL & BUSINESS LEISURE models for shared use/management/ownership with external partners on campus ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS EDUCATION & RESEARCH RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS RETAIL & LEISURE FUNCTIONS RELATED BUSINESS FUNCTIONS INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS models for shared use/management/ownership with internal partners on campus world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions Academic: education & research Z&E.0)$!'F# Z&E.0)$!'F# 7!$&E.#%&H'F<'&&=#8'FE,&; 7!XC2E$'H,#!#"A)"<!,'F# 7!H#F'C#,#$$'e#".#F0$0)%!")F#$$ 7!&'H,#$'"#'$$0D%#.&)D")E!$)8$&E.#%&$!#"$#C#$&#"f%)!#"C'%#%&&#""0&)";g 7!$C'"&E$#)8$!'F#fH;$C'"&$F=#.E,0%Dg STUDIO space Sept 1, 2008 Sept 4, 2008 _UG+MGh/i]G+j+kTUi]/i]Gl Sept 18, 2008 Sept 18, 2008 AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 65
New concepts for the place to study workplace for students:! brief: 5.6 m2! realized: 4.0 m2 source: report Fokkema & Partners / TU Delft, December 2007! 2011: 4.3 m2! 283 tables, 1530! 2260 chairs! 0.75 workplace / enrolled student! occupancy rate > 40% m2 is usable floor area (m2 ufa) m#f&e"#=',,$ 7!C)"#$='"#.E$#)8,'"D#=',,$ 7!C)"#$C',,$!'F#$,)F',,; 7!N#-0H,#N))"!,'% 7!.0n#"#%('()%)8QE',0&;? ',$)E$#.8)" $#C0%'"$@F)%8#"#%F#$ - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities m0h"'";?qe0#&!,'f#&)$&e.; AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 66
8)&)+"0#c"''N'%. _='%D0%D&=#'F'.#C0F)`F# 8)&)i"'%1#&"0HE%#om#%$:#,.!"01$p i`f#$!'f# 7!%)0%.0:0.E', &#""0&)"; 7!62C2E$'H,#!#"e#!H#F'C#C)"#'e#".#$0D%!")F#$$ 7!'F(:0&;"#,'&#. F)%F#!& 'B! ZImG\MUii]Z HB! miqi\cuii]z FB! ]GGMI\cUii]Z 78)"C',@0%8)"C',.B! MG+]iTTI_GZ $&E.#%&$'%.'F'.#C0F$&'n$='"0%DA)"<$!'F#!"#.EF0%D&=#8))&!"0%&40C!"):0%D0%&#"'F()% New concepts for the academic office 6<=D>&LB9BLB@DBG&J%#A'F'.#C0FA)"<!,'F# workplace for employees:! brief: 12 m2! realized: 14 m2 source: report Fokkema & Partners / TU Delft, December 2007! 2011: 11.2 m2! 470! 396 desks! 0.86 workplace / fte! occupancy rate 22%! 27% m2 is usable floor area (m2 ufa) AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 62
Z&)"'D#!!0%F,E.0%D.0D0&',$&)"'D#!!bUirmG]Z! 'FF#$$0H0,0&;0%.0:0.E','"F=0:#$ 8)"D")E!$J$='"0%D)8H))<$@ C'&#"0',! $'C#H))<$@C'D'W0%#$@ "#!)"&$)%#:#";$=#,8?A'$&#)8 "#$)E"F#$p! #-!#%$0:#C20%E$#8)"$&)"'D#!,'F<)8h$&)"'D#C'%'D#C#%&l J=)A)e#%.)A#F,#'%E!! FE,&E"#F='%D#)8s!'!#",#$$ )`F#Vf)"s,#$$!'!#")`F#Vg! $E!!,;D#%#"'&#$.#C'%.!!Zim9MIi\! h&)$='"#)"%)&&)h#l! H))<$'"#9\IqGUZIMk!")!#"&;! $='"#.0D0&',"#$)E"F#$ ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS EDUCATION & RESEARCH ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual lecture halls - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities class rooms academic office space representative meeting rooms informal office space support staff laboratories university library personal studios / study places ceremonial places conference facilities special educational facilities general hospital academic nursing school medical school world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions footprint - use autonomy + + resources / m2 available - _)%8#"#%F#"))C$ AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6L
student & faculty housing photos: DUWO project: student housing place: Amsterdam source: DUWO - creating the place to meet (photo: Delft) AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6O
U#$&'E"'%&$tH'"$ Public space, like in a city beh,0f$!'f#! E$'H,#$!'F#0%F)""0.)"$8)"0%8)"C', C##(%D$'%.A)"< Business & Science campuses univer-city (photo Groningen) AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6S
,EF=Y)&)F'C!E$ univer-city -! building a knowledge city -! competitive advantage of city for university / university for city -! knowledge workers: economic growth campus is network of functions region: Den Haag Delft Rotterdam network of campus functions source map: Daan Zandbelt European Univer-cities in the top 150 world-wide data: QS Times Higher Education, 2011 edited and visualised by Flavia Curvelo Magdaniel, MSc model A traditional university - exclusiveness, elite & large - can we still afford this? +-!0B)"#C0DB)/&/&A)E,A"#/"') AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6X
model B network university - campus is market place of knowledge -! sharing the campus -! univer-city model C virtual university work where you want Model A Traditional university (= reference) Model B Network university Model C Virtual university Model D University college m2 same m2 much less m2 less m2 users more users more users less users euros more euros more euros available available (from more users) (for less m2) more euros available (higher added value) model D University College small, broad, Bachelor in English, selected talent quality per m2 higher quality higher quality higher quality combining future campus models, adding to the university s performance competitive advantage profitability =LE=BM?D&D>;?DBGK&P?@ABC&=;&G=EAB>;PCBLG& & 'FF)CC).'&# h#-f,e$0:#u'%.hf,)$#.l,)aa)8"#$)e"f#$ $!#%&)%&=#F'C!E$ 'FF)CC).'&# h$='"#.l'%.h)!#%l =0D=a)8"#$)E"F#$ $!#%&)%&=#F'C!E$ strategic goals to support, quality ambitions financial costs, benefits, value )%,;!EH,0F8E%.0%D ',,)A!"0:'E%.0%D campus management users, satisfaction, mix of m2, condition. functions / spaces location, quality functioneel physical,)a$!'f#e$#!#"$&e.#%&)" #C!,);## 8)FE$)%0%.0:0.E',%##.$ =0D=$!'F#E$#!#"$&E.#%& )"#C!,);## 8)FE$)%F),,#F(:#%##.$ productivity sustainable development 'FF#!&aHE0,.0%D$0%H'. F)%.0()% $C',,f#"g#F),)D0F',8))&!"0%& ',,HE0,.0%D$'&,#'$& "#'$)%'H,#F)%.0()%,'"D#f"g#F),)D0F',8))&!"0%& AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 63
$'%"()%&+&,(-.%/"(0 6B! _)%:0%F#!),0F;C'<#"$)8"),#F'C!E$0%K%'%F0',$E$&'0%'H0,0&;B -,$%(&"1(&,)(%2&30&!)$4 2B \#:#"A'$&#'D)).F"0$0$B & #%/&!"#!%5$&$%$%6& LB 9$#GE")!#'%=#"0&'D#HE0,.0%D$'$'F)C!#((:#'.:'%&'D#B $(-$%7)!&!'")!%& OB 9$#GE")!#'%=0$&)"0F',0%%#"F0(#$'%.F),,#F(:#QE',0(#$'$' F)C!#((:#'.:'%&'D#J&)$='"#)"%)&&)H# & '-()#7&0#"/[%67%&)#&%1("5%-#&#%$/"(0& & Changing the academic workplace! from private to more public space! from office space to a multifunctional working environment! from individual to shared - to share or not to be!! is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city! trading quantity (per user) for quality of the working environment! from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season! increasingly paperless (paper determines territory!) Follow me on Twitter: @alexandra_dh More about case BK city & book Managing the university campus : http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl AAABC'%'D0%D&=#E%0:#"$0&;F'C!E$B%, 6[