Overview of NFPA 110 & 111

Overview of NFPA 110 & 111 Michigan Chapter IAEI December 5, 2014 Tim McClintock Regional Electrical Code Specialist NaJonal Fire ProtecJon AssociaJon Phone: 330-749- 9782 tmcclintock@nfpa.org

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 111 Standard for Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems Includes: General informajon and definijons on emergency and standby power systems Specific requirements for: Emergency power supply Switching and protecjon InstallaJon and environmental considerajons Maintenance and operajonal considerajons

NFPA 110 Chapters 1 & 2 General Requirements and Referenced Standards 3 & 4 DefiniJons & ClassificaJon of Emergency Power Supply Systems 5 Emergency Power Supply 6 Transfer Switch Equipment 7 InstallaJon and Environmental ConsideraJons 8 Maintenance and OperaJonal Requirements

NFPA 111 Chapters 1 & 2 General Requirements and Referenced Standards 3 & 4 DefiniJons & ClassificaJon of Stored Emergency Power Supply Systems 5 Emergency Power Supply: Energy Sources, Converters, and Accessories 6 Transfer Switch Equipment 7 InstallaJon and Environmental ConsideraJons 8 Maintenance and OperaJonal Requirements

NFPA 110 Scope 1.1 This standard covers performance requirements for emergency and standby power systems providing an alternate source of electrical power to loads in buildings and facilijes in the event that the primary power source fails. Power systems covered in this standard include power sources, transfer equipment, controls, supervisory equipment, and all related electrical and mechanical auxiliary and accessory equipment needed to supply electrical power to the load terminals of the transfer equipment. This standard covers installajon, maintenance, operajon, and tesjng requirements as they pertain to the performance of the emergency power supply system (EPSS).

NFPA 110 Scope 1.1 This standard does not cover the following: (1) ApplicaJon of the EPSS (2) Emergency lighjng unit equipment (3) DistribuJon wiring (4) UJlity service, when such service is permi_ed as the EPSS (5) Parameters for stored energy devices

NFPA 111 Scope 1.1 This standard shall cover performance requirements for stored electrical energy systems providing an alternate source of electrical power in buildings and facilijes in the event that the normal electrical power source fails. Systems covered in this standard shall include power sources, transfer equipment, controls, supervisory equipment, and accessory equipment, including integral accessory equipment, needed to supply electrical power to the selected circuits. This standard shall cover installajon, maintenance, operajon, and tesjng requirements as they pertain to the performance of the stored emergency power supply system (SEPSS).

NFPA 111 Scope 1.1 This standard does not cover the following: (1) ApplicaJon of the SEPSS (2) Emergency lighjng unit equipment (3) DistribuJon wiring (4) Systems having total outputs less than 500 VA or less than 24 V, or systems less than Class 0.033 (5) Nuclear sources, solar systems, and wind stored- energy systems (6) UninterrupJble power systems (UPS) supplied by an emergency power supply system (EPSS)

NFPA 110 Directly referenced standards in NFPA 110: NFPA 30-2003 NFPA 37-2002 NFPA 54-2002 NFPA 58-2004 NFPA 70-2005 NFPA 72-2002 NFPA 99-2005 NFPA 110 directly referenced in: NFPA 20 NFPA 72 NFPA 99 NFPA 101 NFPA 5000 Also referenced in other model building codes

ObjecJves of Emergency and Standby Electrical Systems To provide an electrical distribujon system and alternate power source to loads deemed cri$cal to life safety. To provide an electrical distribujon system and alternate power source for supplying power to loads deemed essen$al for hazard abatement, or essen$al for conjnued operajon so as not to impede fire fighjng, and/or rescue operajons. To provide an alternate power source and electrical distribujon system for supplying power to loads deemed desirable for conjnued building occupancy and operajon.

NEC ArJcles on Emergency and Standby Electrical Systems ArJcle 700 Emergency Systems CriJcal ArJcle 701 Legally Required Standby Systems EssenJal ArJcle 702 OpJonal Standby Systems Desirable

Why Emergency and Standby Power? Emergency Building exijng Panic control Building safety systems (alarm, communicajons) Building mechanical systems (elevators, venjlajon) PrevenJon of catastrophic industrial process failure Legally Required Standby Building safety systems Building mechanical systems LighJng for conjnued occupancy Industrial processes OpJonal Standby Creature comfort Business conjnuity

Why Emergency and Standby Power? TradiJonal view on emergency has been prevenjng panic in large assembly occupancies and to get people safely out of buildings upon loss of normal power and/or building emergency. OpJonal standby has allowed for creature comfort and business conjnuity upon loss of normal power Recent events have raised concern over reliability, operajon, and approach to building emergency and standby systems WTC Bombing September 11, 2001 Threat of terrorist a_ack infrastructure and biological Katrina- devastajon of major US city

Emergency Systems 700.2 Emergency System. Those systems legally required and classed as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other codes, or by any governmental agency having jurisdicjon. These systems are intended to automajcally supply illuminajon, power, or both, to designated areas and equipment in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of a system intended to supply, distribute, and control power and illuminajon essenjal for safety to human life.

Emergency Systems 700 Provide illuminajon for building exijng and panic control Occupancies types requiring emergency illuminajon include but are not limited to: Assembly DetenJon and CorrecJonal EducaJonal Health Care MercanJle

Emergency Systems 700 May also be required to provide power for: VenJlaJon systems for maintaining human life Fire detecjon and alarm systems Elevators Fire pumps (not mandated by ArJcle 695) Public safety communicajons systems Industrial processes (non- orderly shutdown concern)

What Requires Article 700 Systems? Requirements comes from other codes. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Chapter 7 Means of Egress 7.9 Emergency LighJng. 7.9.1.1* Emergency lighjng facilijes for means of egress shall be provided in accordance with SecJon 7.9 for the following: (1) Buildings or structures where required in Chapter 11 through Chapter 42 Performance requirements for emergency lighjng specified in NFPA 101 or applicable building code.

2012 IBC SECTION 2702 EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS 2702.1 InstallaJon. Emergency and standby power systems required by this code or the InternaJonal Fire Code shall be installed in accordance with this code, NFPA 110 and 111. 2702.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power systems shall be provided where required by SecJons 2702.2.1 through 2702.2.20.

NFPA 101 7.9.2.2 The emergency lighjng system shall be arranged to provide the required illuminajon automajcally in the event of any interrupjon of normal lighjng due to any of the following: (1) Failure of a public ujlity or other outside electrical power supply (2) Opening of a circuit breaker or fuse (3) Manual act(s), including accidental opening of a switch controlling normal lighjng facilijes

Emergency & Standby Systems Other NEC ArJcles: Applicable rules of Chapters 1 through 4 445 Generators 517 Health Care FaciliJes 692 Fuel Cell 705 Interconnected Power ProducJon Sources

Emergency & Standby Systems Other NFPA Documents NFPA 37 StaJonary CombusJon Engines NFPA 99 Health Care FaciliJes NFPA 101 Life Safety Code NFPA 110 Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 111 Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 5000 Building ConstrucJon and Safety Code

NFPA 110 3.3.3 & 3.3.4 DefiniJons Emergency Power Source (EPS) Source of electric power Required capacity and quality Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Complete funcjoning system From the EPS to the transfer equipment Includes load terminals of transfer equipment

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems-Chapter 4 Covers from the EPS (source) to the line terminals of the transfer equipment EPSS is idenjfied by: Level Class Type NFPA 20-9.6.2.1 On- site standby generator systems shall comply with SecJon 9.4 and shall meet the requirements of Level 1, Type 10, Class X systems of NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems Covers from the EPS (source) to the line terminals of the transfer equipment Two levels of EPSSs Level 1 systems shall be installed where failure of the equipment to perform could result in loss of human life or serious injuries. Level 1 = ArJcle 700 in the NEC. Level 2 systems shall be installed where failure of the EPSS to perform is less crijcal to human life and safety. Level 2 = ArJcle 701 in the NEC. NFPA 110 is not required to be applied to ArJcle 702 OpJonal Standby Systems.

NFPA 110 4.4.1 & 4.4.3 ClassificaJon of EPSS Level 1 Most stringent equipment and performance requirements Loss of human life Serious injury Must be permanently installed

NFPA 110 4.4.2 & 4.4.3 ClassificaJon of EPSS, cont. Level 2 Where failure is less crijcal to human life and safety Involves the AHJ Permits a higher degree of flexibility Must be permanently installed

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems Other EPSS System Designa$ons: Class. The class defines the minimum Jme, in hours, for which the EPSS is designed to operate at its rated load without being refueled or recharged.

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems Other EPSS System Designa$ons: 4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum Jme, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Table 4.1(b) provides the types defined by this standard.

NEC ArJcles on Emergency and Standby Electrical Systems ArJcle 700 Emergency System Power Available to Loads in Not More Than 10 Seconds ArJcle 701 Legally Required Standby Systems Power Available to Loads in Not More Than 60 Seconds ArJcle 702 OpJonal Standby Systems Power Available to Loads at DiscreJon of User

Emergency vs. Standby Emergency Legally Required Optional Required by NEC Yes Yes No Required by AHJ Yes Yes No Transfer Switch Auto Auto Auto or Manual Wiring System Separate Shared Shared Risk Life Safety Firefighter Efficiency Costs Business Continuity Periodic Test Required Power Available Time On Site Fuel Required Yes Yes No 10 Sec 60 Sec Not Specified 2 Hours 2 Hours Not Specified

NFPA 110 6.1.1-6.1.5 Transfer switches Suitable for transferring loads Rated for the designed connected load Each switch in a separate enclosure or compartment Suitable for fault currents

NFPA 110 6.1.6 & 6.2 Transfer switches, cont. Listed for emergency service where available Must be factory assembled and tested AutomaJc switches: Electrically operated; and Mechanically held

Transfer Equipment 700.5 (A) Must be automajc IdenJfied for emergency Approved by the AHJ Designed and installed to prevent inadvertent connecjon Parallel operajon ArJcle 705 use c accordance

Transfer Equipment 700.5(A) & UL 1008

NEC ArJcles on Emergency and Standby Electrical Systems ArJcle 700 Emergency Systems AutomaJc Transfer only Emergency Loads ArJcle 701 Legally Required Standby Systems AutomaJc Transfer of Legally Required and OpJonal Standby Loads ArJcle 702 OpJonal Standby Systems AutomaJc or Manual Transfer

NFPA 110 7.1.1 Chapter 7 InstallaJon and Environmental ConsideraJons Ø Minimum requirements and considerajons Ø Requires installajon acceptance Ø Provides on- site installajon test requirements

NFPA 110 7.2.1 Indoor EPS Installation Level 1 installajon locajon Ø EPS must be installed in a separate room EPSS equipment permi_ed Ø Must be 2- hr rated room

NFPA 110 7.2.2 Outdoor EPS Installation Level 1 installajon locajon, cont. Ø Installed in a suitable enclosure located outside the building and capable of resisjng the entrance of snow or rain at a maximum wind velocity as required by local building codes. Ø No other equipment, including architectural appur- tenances, except those that serve this space, shall be permi_ed in the EPS enclosure.

Wiring Design and LocaJon 700.10(C) Emergency system wiring performance requirement Designed and located to minimize hazards due to: Flooding Fire Icing Vandalism Other adverse condijons

Power Sources 700.12 Equipment shall be designed and located so as to minimize the hazards that might cause complete failure due to flooding, fires, icing, and vandalism. NFPA 110 recommends: For natural condijons, emergency power supply system (EPSS) design should consider the 100- year storm flooding level or the flooding level predicted by the Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) models for a Class 4 hurricane.

Power Sources 700.12(A)- (F) Emergency Systems Storage ba_eries Generator sets UninterrupJble power supplies Separate service (acceptable to AHJ) Fuel Cells Unit Equipment

Power Sources 700.12 Storage Ba_eries Load rajng for 1.5 hours without falling below 87.5% normal voltage AutomaJc ba_ery charger required Generator Sets On premise fuel supply for not less than 2- hour full- demand operajon Not permi_ed to be supplied by public gas ujlity or rely on municipal water ujlity (cooling) AutomaJc transfer between muljple fuel sources All necessary auxiliary equipment to be supplied from emergency power (fuel pumps, dampers for venjlajon)

7.2.2.1 Requirements change for Level 1 equipment Ø Not located in the same room with the normal service equipment where: The normal service equipment is rated over 150 volts to ground; and, Is equal to or greater than 1000 amperes

NFPA 110 7.2.3 Rooms, shelters, or separate buildings housing Level 1 or 2 equipment Ø Designed and located to minimize damage from flooding caused by: Fire fighjng Sewer water backup Similar disasters or occurrences

NFPA 110 7.3 Required illuminajon for indoor 1or Level 2 EPS equipment Level Ø Ba_ery- powered emergency lighjng Ø Charging system and normal lighjng in service to be connected on load side of transfer switch Ø Minimum lighjng level 3.0 q- candles

NFPA 110 Chapter 8 RouJne Maintenance and OperaJonal TesJng Ø Maintenance and operajonal tesjng IniJated aqer acceptance tesjng Requires a wri_en schedule to be established Ø Transfer switches subjected to a maintenance program

NFPA 110 8.1.1 RouJne Maintenance and OperaJonal TesJng Ø Based on: Manufacturer's requirements InstrucJon manuals Minimum requirements of the chapter The AHJ

NFPA 110 8.4.1 & 8.4.2 OperaJonal InspecJon and TesJng Level 1 & 2 EPSSs Ø Inspected weekly Ø Exercised under load at least monthly Level 1 & 2 generator sets Ø Exercised monthly for 30 minutes

Tests and Maintenance 700.4 AHJ to conduct or witness acceptance test and periodic tesjng thereaqer Scheduled periodic tesjng acceptable to AHJ Ba_ery maintenance Wri_en record to be kept Load tesjng under maximum anjcipated load Chapter 8 in NFPA 110 provides tesjng requirements for emergency power supply systems