Real-time Building Performance Optimization while Empowering Occupants toward Sustainable Behaviors Presented by Bertrand Lasternas Carnegie Mellon University
How to achieve sustainability in buildings using the PI System? Demonstrate real-time, analytic and visualization capabilities to integrate, monitor and diagnose building performance indices. Occupants become key players of the building control and life. Challenges Monitor, diagnose and optimize building performances Engage occupants in sustainable behaviour and energy conservation Solution The use of the PI System as an integrated platform PI Server, PI A PI ProcessBook, PI Coresight, PI Notifications Other Innovative solutions Results and Benefits Energy savings, carbon footprint reduction Improvement in building occupants satisfaction Gain in productivity Increase of the building Market Value 2
The Intelligent Workplace The Robert L. Preger Intelligent Workplace, built in 1997, is a 7000 square foot living laboratory of office environments and innovations located on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University. 3
The Intelligent Workplace Test and Integration of several systems: Heating Cooling Ventilation (mechanical and natural) Lighting, and day-lighting Electrical Plug load View of the sensors/actuators density 4
10.2m Lighting/Daylighting/Shading Systems 17.2m 24.0m Group 4 Group 5 PV Array Group 6 Group 7 17.5m Office 1 Office 2 Office 3 Kitchen Conference Space Office 4 Office 5 100 Zumtobel LaTrave relocatable luminaires 20% up, 80% down light 1-100% dimming ballast 2 x 55W U-shape lamps LPD 1.63w/sf. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 7 Daylight Redirection Louver sets 3 tiers 0 (closed) - 105 (fully open) 208 V, single phase Interior Exterior Visual transmission 68 % 12 track light : 15W LED 3000 K 770 Lumen 5
10 LTG Coolwaves Individual on/off paddle control Manual override Combined zone temp control Thermal/Ventilation Systems 25 groups of Gartner water mullions Each group w/ one modulating valve for 4, 5, or 6 vertical pipes 25 surface temp sensors for the zones 4 LTG and Trox radiant ceilings with insulation Individual on/off/ modulating control Manual valves SEMCO Desiccant Air Handler with Heat Recovery Heat pump and gas regeneration 8 Motorized Traco Windows for Natural Ventilation, Night Cooling, 0-33 Opening 37 Manually Operated Windows Drop/kick aperture 6
Why an integrated platform? CMU/Siemens Innovative Controls of Integrated Systems 7
What is really happening in buildings? Example with indoor temperature (CMU studies for GSA) 8
Overcooled/Overheated = better comfort? Comfort zone in cooling season: 74-82 (ASHRAE55-2003) COPE Survey of thermal comfort in cooling season 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 60% 0% Very unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Slightly unsatisfactory Neutral Slightly satisfactory Satisfactory Very satisfactory Temperature in your work area? (n=140) With appropriate engineering, raising summer temperatures in federal facilities would measurably improve employee satisfaction with thermal comfort and reduce costs. 9
What are the steps? 1. Integrate all these information 2. Information needs to be accessible to acility Managers 3. Continuously monitor and diagnose building performances 4. Information needs to be displayed to the public 5. Information needs to be displayed to building occupants 6. Building occupants need to control their environment How to do it? The PI System 10
The PI System at Carnegie Mellon University Integrated Platform 11
acility Manager Interfaces 12
Energy Performance Tools Benchmarking Energy Information Systems Energy Anomaly Detection ault Detection and Diagnostic Quality control at the components, the equipment and the system level 13
How to inform acility Managers? The use of PI Notifications to trigger quality control : Sensors drifts over the time Abnormal values Losses of connection to sensors, systems Email or text notification (virtual SMTP server located on the PI Coresight Server) SMS Notifications 14
Public Interface PI Coresight on Touchscreen Displays 15
How and why do we engage building occupants? The Impacts of Real-time Knowledge Based Personal Lighting Control on Energy Consumption, User Satisfaction and Task Performance in Offices Yung Gu, PhD dissertation 16
Ligh&ng power demands with different user controls Lighting Power Density (w/sf) and Desk Illuminance (lx) LPD and user satisfaction with light level Lighting Power Density (2/3C + 1/P) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 LPD (2/3C + 1/3P) Illuminance for paper- based 460lx 1.68 w/sf 621lx 365lx 0.98 w/sf Illuminance for computer- based 636lx 222lx 0.64 w/sf Manual Knowledge ixed MC KBMC Control based MC 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Desk Illuminance (lx) Light Power Density (w/sf) LPD in ixed (w/sf) LPD in Manual Control (w/sf) LPD in KBMC (w/sf) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.63 w/sf Sat. 1.88 0.93 w/sf Sat. 1.84 0.58 w/sf Computer- based task Sat. 1.30 1.63 w/sf Sat. 1.65 1.07 w/sf Sat. 1.73 0.76 w/sf Paper- based task 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Satisfaction (0 = unsatisfied, 2 = satisfied) Lighting power demand was significantly reduced in Manual Control (MC) compared to ixed () and was further reduced in Knowledge Based MC (KBMC) regardless of task type or paper-based tasks, the light level was significantly increased in MC and KBMC compared to no control (ixed) because task lights were used. 17
Engaging occupants to save plug load energy Control Dashboard eatures Communication Expert Consulting [Recommendation] Control 18
Study results of users engagement 19
End Users Interfaces PI Coresight on ipad 20
How to engage them? The building occupants as key players in the building control : 1-Night ventilation (extensive Night cooling strategies) 2-Daylighting first 3-riendly reminders 21
Integrated Dashboard Interface 22
Innovative Solutions We Integrated two Controls into a Smartphone: A Magic Remote and an Occupancy Sensor 23
Home Gestures Embedded Video 24
Use the iphone sensors to select targets Remote Control Occupancy Sensor Data from the Gyroscope, the Accelerometer and the Compass are integrated. Geo-fencing Wi-i triangulation Bluetooth (computer-devices) Electrical signature 25
Conclusion The use of PI System for: Integrating information Diagnosing performances Displaying information (Visually and easily understandable) Supervisory level control with human intervention Both new constructions and retrofits 26
Conclusion Benefit of PI System: Energy savings, carbon footprint reduction Improvement in building occupants satisfaction Gains in productivity Increase of the building Market Value 27
Bertrand Lasternas Blastern@andrew.cmu.edu 412 925 0094 Researcher Carnegie Mellon University Intelligent Workplace Team: Volker Hartkopf, Vivian Loftness, Azizan Aziz, Khee Poh Lam Ray Yun, Sebastian Peters, Yun Gu, Leah Mo, Supported by OSIsoft, SEMCO flaktwoods, VERIS Industries, 28
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