Bert Uneken, Field Engineering Manager Ruben Kranenburg, Technical Support
Main Burner
Main Reaction Furnace Design Weather shield View ports Weather shield LMV Burner Burner / Furnace connection Residence time section Checker wall / Choke ring WHB connection Temp. Measurement Man way
Refractory Lining
dry-out Main burner type155 Natural Gas / excess air 120 100 Total air flow x 100 Nm3/hr Total NG flow x 10 Nm3/hr Delta P burner /10 mbarg Temperature x 10 deg ºC 40 deg /hr 80 60 40 20 0 0,00 1,00 2,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 12,00 14,00 15,00 16,00 17,00 19,00 20,00 21,00 22,00 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 10,00 11,00 12,00 13,00 15,00 16,00 17,00 18,00 Time in hr
Start-up and Dry-out Clean Unit Open the WHB vent to atmosphere
Refractory Lining
Start-up and Dry-out Clean Unit Air dry by use of air blower temperature (70 C) Purge system with nitrogen Start the main burner at 5 to 25 % of max fuel gas load Burner pressure drop approx 25 mmwc After ignition: drop fuel gas as low possible / increase combustion air After 15 to 30 minutes : stop burner, check temperature curve (fast rise and drop indicates flue gas temperature) Follow the temperature curve for dry out - TAKE YOUR TIME At approx 800 C change the ratio to sub-stoichiometric conditions
Start-up and Dry-out under Sulphur Conditions Open the WHB vent to atmosphere Air dry by use of air blower temperature (70 C) Purge system with nitrogen Start the main burner 15 to 25% of max fuel gas load Use Air / gas ratio at sub stoichiometric conditions. After ignition drop burner load to minimum of 10 mmwc combustion air pressure. To moderate temperature use nitrogen or steam. Follow the temperature curve for dry out. TAKE YOUR TIME
Tips, Tricks and Troubleshooting Open the WHB vent to atmosphere (this will drop WHB outlet temperature and allows to operate with excess air) In-line burners Flame colour: Know your gas composition! Natural Gas (C1) gives a blue-pink salmon colour at substoichiometric conditions Propane (C3) gives a more blue-yellow flame at substoichiometric conditions Raise combustion air flow approx 5%: if this results in a temperature rise of 4 to 8 F you are running substoichiometic Starting the RGG/TGT/SCOT: have all systems running and prepare extra cooling
Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector 21
The Flame Signal can be split into the following information: Radiation Modulation Electro Magnetic Radiation Light (UV, VIS & IR) Mixing Process Flame Flickering 2012 Duiker Sulphur Recovery Unit 22
Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector T1 Delta T2 23
Duiker DFD 2 Flame detector 24
Duiker DFD 2 flame detector Data logger 27
Duiker DFD 2 flame detector Data logger 28
Main Burner
LMV Burner Principle Airnose Combustion air Register Fuel gas Pilot burner or ignitor Acid gas Acid fuel gas gun
Burner Turndown Burner turndown is determined by the minimal flow through the burner restriction P of acid gas + air + (fuel gas) 0,15 kpa Design capacity is based on max. allowable P of acid gas and air (Max. 10 kpa).
Oxygen Enrichment Rich Acid Gas Fuel gas Rich acid gas Air O 2
In-line Burners
Overall View - Reheater
Multiple in-line burners with pneumatically retractable ignitors
Incinerator
Tail Gas Incinerators
SRU tail gas incinerator being commissioned
Mixing (Typical) Temperature and velocity profile of incinerator with inlet nozzles
Low NO X Incinerator Burners
Different Flame Scanner Systems UV scanners IR scanner T scanner + Low cost scanner - Needs shutter system for safe guarding - Poor or no flame signal with steam injection + Low cost scanner - Poor or no flame signal FG firing + No influence on steam / nitrogen injection - High cost scanner Combination scanner
How to Detect a Flame? Radiant Sensitivity (A/W) 200 400 600 800 1000 Wavelength (nm) UV-tube GaP without filter GaP with UV-filter Silicon Spectral sensitivity range of the scanner
Dos and Don ts Never remove a scanner wit a open ball valve as acid gas can come out Checking the sight port for pollution: Exchange the position of the scanner and a sight glass Run scanner cables through steel pipe in order to avoid radiation in the cable (fail-safe self check) Avoid potential difference in ground systems (welding / igniting) Avoid strong radio signals close to the scanner / cable / amplifier Avoid temperature rise above 70 deg. C Check purge flow (min. 10 m 3 /h) and clean lens systems
Different Types of Thermocouples
Different Types of Thermocouples
Different Types of Pyrometers
Ignition Systems: Pilot Burner The pilot burner is a small self supporting burner Gas pressure : 1,0 bar, air pressure 1,2 bar.
Pilot Burner Flames
Ignition Systems: Igniter
Duiker-Durag Unit generates 1500 volts Unit retracted during operation Operational life time of the tip is 14 hours of sparking
Start-up and Dry-out of Clean Unit Close WHB blow off Start inline burners. Use same ratio conditions as found for the main burner Extra caution you have to rely on instruments only, use if possible a sacrifice type K thermocouple to monitor burner temperature Take your time
Duiker Field Services
Bright Yellow Sulphur
Thank you for your kind attention For more information: www.duiker.com