Andrew Cooper Cooper Research Technology Talar du engelska? 1
Topics of this presentation EN12697-26 Stiffness EN12697-25 Cyclic compression EN12697-24 Fatigue EN12697-22 Wheel tracking EN12697 Specimen preparation 2
EN12697 & EN13108 Unlike previous British and Swedish standards(i think), these European standards are intended to define the material on site, i.e. still in the back of the lorry and before compaction. They do not cover performance testing of laid materials. 3
EN 12697-26 Stiffness 5 equivalent methods called up 2 Point Bending 15C 10Hz 3 Point Bending 20C 8Hz 4 Point Bending 20C 10Hz Direct Tension 15C 10Hz Indirect Tension 20C 124µs 4
EN 12697-26 stiffness(it-cy) 5
NAT wave & NU wave 6
EN 12697-26 DD213 v IT-CY DD 213 EN12697-26 Annex C Temperature correction X O Load area factor correction X X 7
EN 12697-26 Trapezoidal bending 8
EN12697-25 Cyclic compression A B 9
EN12697-25 Methods A & B Test RLAT Indent Vacuum RLAT W/T Strain & rut measurements RLAT 1.00 0.75-0.01 0.34 Indent 0.75 1.00 0.56 0.80 Vacuum RLAT -0.01 0.56 1.00 0.94 W/T 0.34 0.80 0.94 1.00 Strain rate & rut rate measurements RLAT 1.00 0.89-0.44-0.41 Indent 0.89 1.00-0.35-0.30 Vacuum RLAT -0.44-0.35 1.00 0.99 W/T -0.41-0.30 0.99 1.00 10
EN12697-25 Wave This accuracy is not possible with NAT 11
EN12697-25 Load area factor 12
EN12697-25 Analysis Log axes The strain Linear at axes a 1000 cycles is determined 13
NU-14 Calibration 14
EN12697-24 5 methods are described in EN12697-24 2 called up in EN13108-20 Fatigue wont be specified in the UK The VTI indirect tensile fatigue is interesting and could be performed with the NU-14 15
EN12697-24 Two point trapezoidal and four point bending are specified in EN13108-20 Europe is split over these two methods 16
Universal software Research 17
Other NU-14 tests Unbound material testing 18
EN12697-22 Wheel tracking Two wheel tracking methods are specified in EN13108-20 19
EN12697-22 Small device Standards BS 598 EN12697 Load 520N 700N Cycles 21 26.5 Temperature 45C/60C 60C Measurements 1 25/50 Tests 6 2 Test length 45 mins 10,000 cycles 20
EN12697-22 Large device Standard EN12697-22 Load 5000N Cycles 60(1Hz) Measurements 15 Temperature 60 Tests 2 Test length 30,000 21
EN12697-33 Slab compaction 22
EN12697-31 Gyratory compaction New Cooper Gyratory compactor 23
Conclusions In Round Robins conducted by CRT, Colas and TRL IT-CY correlated well The cyclic compression test will be accredited by UKAS only if performed on NU-14 The indentation test is only specified for Mastic Asphalt The small wheel tracking test is widespread in and out of Europe Testing equipment must be calibrated in order to CE mark asphalt NATs can be upgraded to NU-14s 24
UK perspective The UK has produced documents to advise on the implementation of EN12697 and EN13108 Recommended reading: PD6692:2006 Guidance on the use of EN12697 Test specifications PD6691:2007 Guidance on the use of EN13108 Material specifications 25
Countries visited in 2007 Pakistan Greece Denmark Czech Rep Poland Thailand Singapore Bahrain Portugal Mexico Argentina Chile Hong Kong France Spain China Croatia Slovenia Morocco Cuba India France Saudi Arabia Dubai* 2007 26
Portuguese selection Part 1 Soluble binder content Initial type testing ( ITT) Part 2 Determination of particle size distribution - ITT Part 3 Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator Part 4 Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column Part 5 Determination of the maximum density Part 6 Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimen _ Part 7 Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimen by gamma rays Part 8 Determination of voids characteristics of bituminous specimens - ITT Part 9 Determination of the reference density Part 10 Compactability Part 11 Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen Part 12 Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens - ITT Part 13 Temperature measurement Part 14 Water content Part 15 Determination of the segregation sensitivity Part 16 Abrasion by studded tyres Part 17 Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen Part 18 Binder drainage 27
Part 19 Permeability of specimen Part 20 Indentation using cube or Marshall specimens Part 21 Indentation using plate specimens Part 22 Wheel tracking -ITT Part 23 Determination of the Indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimen ITT Part 24 Resistance to fatigue Part 25 Cyclic compression test Part 26 Stiffness Part 27 Sampling Part 28 Preparation of samples for binder content, water content and grading. Part 29 Determin. of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen Part 30 Specimen preparation by impact compactor ITT Part 31 Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor Part 32 Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor Part 33 Specimen preparation by roller compactor Part 34 Marshall Test Part 35 Laboratory mixing Part 36 Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement Part 37 Hot sand test for the adhesivity of a binder on precoated chipping for HRA Part 38 Common equipment and calibration Part 39 Binder content by ignition Part 41 Resistance to de-icing fluid Part 43 Resistance to fuel 28